00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,389
 
the boer war more often referred to as

00:00:02,389 --> 00:00:02,399
the boer war more often referred to as
 

00:00:02,399 --> 00:00:04,950
the boer war more often referred to as
the second anglo-ball war was fought in

00:00:04,950 --> 00:00:04,960
the second anglo-ball war was fought in
 

00:00:04,960 --> 00:00:08,870
the second anglo-ball war was fought in
south africa from 1899 to 1902 between

00:00:08,870 --> 00:00:08,880
south africa from 1899 to 1902 between
 

00:00:08,880 --> 00:00:10,549
south africa from 1899 to 1902 between
the british empire and the boer

00:00:10,549 --> 00:00:10,559
the british empire and the boer
 

00:00:10,559 --> 00:00:12,950
the british empire and the boer
republics of the orange free state and

00:00:12,950 --> 00:00:12,960
republics of the orange free state and
 

00:00:12,960 --> 00:00:16,230
republics of the orange free state and
the south african republic transvaal

00:00:16,230 --> 00:00:16,240
the south african republic transvaal
 

00:00:16,240 --> 00:00:19,189
the south african republic transvaal
450 000 british troops

00:00:19,189 --> 00:00:19,199
450 000 british troops
 

00:00:19,199 --> 00:00:22,950
450 000 british troops
versus 50 000 irregular boar fighters on

00:00:22,950 --> 00:00:22,960
versus 50 000 irregular boar fighters on
 

00:00:22,960 --> 00:00:24,950
versus 50 000 irregular boar fighters on
paper it was no match

00:00:24,950 --> 00:00:24,960
paper it was no match
 

00:00:24,960 --> 00:00:27,509
paper it was no match
but the boers proved more than a match

00:00:27,509 --> 00:00:27,519
but the boers proved more than a match
 

00:00:27,519 --> 00:00:29,910
but the boers proved more than a match
and this war was to be the bloody and

00:00:29,910 --> 00:00:29,920
and this war was to be the bloody and
 

00:00:29,920 --> 00:00:32,389
and this war was to be the bloody and
controversial climax to the growth of

00:00:32,389 --> 00:00:32,399
controversial climax to the growth of
 

00:00:32,399 --> 00:00:33,830
controversial climax to the growth of
the british empire during queen

00:00:33,830 --> 00:00:33,840
the british empire during queen
 

00:00:33,840 --> 00:00:35,990
the british empire during queen
victoria's long reign

00:00:35,990 --> 00:00:36,000
victoria's long reign
 

00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:38,229
victoria's long reign
the british were to lose over 20 000

00:00:38,229 --> 00:00:38,239
the british were to lose over 20 000
 

00:00:38,239 --> 00:00:40,150
the british were to lose over 20 000
troops and were only able to bring the

00:00:40,150 --> 00:00:40,160
troops and were only able to bring the
 

00:00:40,160 --> 00:00:42,389
troops and were only able to bring the
boards to the negotiating table after

00:00:42,389 --> 00:00:42,399
boards to the negotiating table after
 

00:00:42,399 --> 00:00:44,389
boards to the negotiating table after
implementing a series of controversial

00:00:44,389 --> 00:00:44,399
implementing a series of controversial
 

00:00:44,399 --> 00:00:47,029
implementing a series of controversial
tactics including the internment of poor

00:00:47,029 --> 00:00:47,039
tactics including the internment of poor
 

00:00:47,039 --> 00:00:50,229
tactics including the internment of poor
civilians in camps where over 26 000 of

00:00:50,229 --> 00:00:50,239
civilians in camps where over 26 000 of
 

00:00:50,239 --> 00:00:52,389
civilians in camps where over 26 000 of
them died in the british parliament

00:00:52,389 --> 00:00:52,399
them died in the british parliament
 

00:00:52,399 --> 00:00:54,790
them died in the british parliament
these camps were referred to by a new

00:00:54,790 --> 00:00:54,800
these camps were referred to by a new
 

00:00:54,800 --> 00:00:55,750
these camps were referred to by a new
name

00:00:55,750 --> 00:00:55,760
name
 

00:00:55,760 --> 00:00:59,270
name
concentration camps this is a summary of

00:00:59,270 --> 00:00:59,280
concentration camps this is a summary of
 

00:00:59,280 --> 00:01:01,349
concentration camps this is a summary of
the boer war and quite frankly the

00:01:01,349 --> 00:01:01,359
the boer war and quite frankly the
 

00:01:01,359 --> 00:01:03,510
the boer war and quite frankly the
anglo-ball war needs far more than just

00:01:03,510 --> 00:01:03,520
anglo-ball war needs far more than just
 

00:01:03,520 --> 00:01:05,830
anglo-ball war needs far more than just
this little video to do it justice the

00:01:05,830 --> 00:01:05,840
this little video to do it justice the
 

00:01:05,840 --> 00:01:08,149
this little video to do it justice the
battles alone need their own series of

00:01:08,149 --> 00:01:08,159
battles alone need their own series of
 

00:01:08,159 --> 00:01:10,710
battles alone need their own series of
videos as do the stories of some of the

00:01:10,710 --> 00:01:10,720
videos as do the stories of some of the
 

00:01:10,720 --> 00:01:13,270
videos as do the stories of some of the
larger than life personalities present

00:01:13,270 --> 00:01:13,280
larger than life personalities present
 

00:01:13,280 --> 00:01:15,030
larger than life personalities present
in south africa at the time at two

00:01:15,030 --> 00:01:15,040
in south africa at the time at two
 

00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:16,870
in south africa at the time at two
future south african prime ministers

00:01:16,870 --> 00:01:16,880
future south african prime ministers
 

00:01:16,880 --> 00:01:19,190
future south african prime ministers
louis botha and jan smutz

00:01:19,190 --> 00:01:19,200
louis botha and jan smutz
 

00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:20,710
louis botha and jan smutz
the british future prime minister

00:01:20,710 --> 00:01:20,720
the british future prime minister
 

00:01:20,720 --> 00:01:22,950
the british future prime minister
winston churchill who was captured and

00:01:22,950 --> 00:01:22,960
winston churchill who was captured and
 

00:01:22,960 --> 00:01:25,030
winston churchill who was captured and
escaped from the boers

00:01:25,030 --> 00:01:25,040
escaped from the boers
 

00:01:25,040 --> 00:01:27,109
escaped from the boers
sherlock holmes creator arthur conan

00:01:27,109 --> 00:01:27,119
sherlock holmes creator arthur conan
 

00:01:27,119 --> 00:01:29,670
sherlock holmes creator arthur conan
doyle the founder of the boy scouts

00:01:29,670 --> 00:01:29,680
doyle the founder of the boy scouts
 

00:01:29,680 --> 00:01:31,350
doyle the founder of the boy scouts
robert baden-powell

00:01:31,350 --> 00:01:31,360
robert baden-powell
 

00:01:31,360 --> 00:01:34,069
robert baden-powell
and mahatma gandhi all there during the

00:01:34,069 --> 00:01:34,079
and mahatma gandhi all there during the
 

00:01:34,079 --> 00:01:36,310
and mahatma gandhi all there during the
boer war the incredible guerrilla

00:01:36,310 --> 00:01:36,320
boer war the incredible guerrilla
 

00:01:36,320 --> 00:01:38,310
boer war the incredible guerrilla
warfare campaign led by board generals

00:01:38,310 --> 00:01:38,320
warfare campaign led by board generals
 

00:01:38,320 --> 00:01:40,710
warfare campaign led by board generals
like christian devette and coustela ray

00:01:40,710 --> 00:01:40,720
like christian devette and coustela ray
 

00:01:40,720 --> 00:01:43,429
like christian devette and coustela ray
needs its own story the road to war is

00:01:43,429 --> 00:01:43,439
needs its own story the road to war is
 

00:01:43,439 --> 00:01:45,109
needs its own story the road to war is
an intriguing story

00:01:45,109 --> 00:01:45,119
an intriguing story
 

00:01:45,119 --> 00:01:47,109
an intriguing story
centered around british imperialist and

00:01:47,109 --> 00:01:47,119
centered around british imperialist and
 

00:01:47,119 --> 00:01:49,350
centered around british imperialist and
mining magnate cecil rhodes and his

00:01:49,350 --> 00:01:49,360
mining magnate cecil rhodes and his
 

00:01:49,360 --> 00:01:50,950
mining magnate cecil rhodes and his
attempt to actually overthrow the boer

00:01:50,950 --> 00:01:50,960
attempt to actually overthrow the boer
 

00:01:50,960 --> 00:01:53,910
attempt to actually overthrow the boer
state using his own private army the

00:01:53,910 --> 00:01:53,920
state using his own private army the
 

00:01:53,920 --> 00:01:56,230
state using his own private army the
british scorched earth policy of general

00:01:56,230 --> 00:01:56,240
british scorched earth policy of general
 

00:01:56,240 --> 00:01:58,469
british scorched earth policy of general
kitchener the concentration camps and

00:01:58,469 --> 00:01:58,479
kitchener the concentration camps and
 

00:01:58,479 --> 00:02:01,270
kitchener the concentration camps and
the work of britons like emily hobhouse

00:02:01,270 --> 00:02:01,280
the work of britons like emily hobhouse
 

00:02:01,280 --> 00:02:04,709
the work of britons like emily hobhouse
to expose the truth also deserve a story

00:02:04,709 --> 00:02:04,719
to expose the truth also deserve a story
 

00:02:04,719 --> 00:02:06,789
to expose the truth also deserve a story
and finally as this story was the first

00:02:06,789 --> 00:02:06,799
and finally as this story was the first
 

00:02:06,799 --> 00:02:09,109
and finally as this story was the first
time that canada australia new zealand

00:02:09,109 --> 00:02:09,119
time that canada australia new zealand
 

00:02:09,119 --> 00:02:11,029
time that canada australia new zealand
had sent their sons to fight far from

00:02:11,029 --> 00:02:11,039
had sent their sons to fight far from
 

00:02:11,039 --> 00:02:12,790
had sent their sons to fight far from
their shores i think there are some

00:02:12,790 --> 00:02:12,800
their shores i think there are some
 

00:02:12,800 --> 00:02:14,390
their shores i think there are some
stories there too

00:02:14,390 --> 00:02:14,400
stories there too
 

00:02:14,400 --> 00:02:15,990
stories there too
those stories are to follow in the

00:02:15,990 --> 00:02:16,000
those stories are to follow in the
 

00:02:16,000 --> 00:02:17,030
those stories are to follow in the
future

00:02:17,030 --> 00:02:17,040
future
 

00:02:17,040 --> 00:02:19,510
future
this video however is a summary that

00:02:19,510 --> 00:02:19,520
this video however is a summary that
 

00:02:19,520 --> 00:02:21,910
this video however is a summary that
both explains the overall events in the

00:02:21,910 --> 00:02:21,920
both explains the overall events in the
 

00:02:21,920 --> 00:02:24,869
both explains the overall events in the
war and will put future event videos

00:02:24,869 --> 00:02:24,879
war and will put future event videos
 

00:02:24,879 --> 00:02:26,470
war and will put future event videos
into context

00:02:26,470 --> 00:02:26,480
into context
 

00:02:26,480 --> 00:02:27,990
into context
i hope you enjoy it

00:02:27,990 --> 00:02:28,000
i hope you enjoy it
 

00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:30,790
i hope you enjoy it
south africa in 1899 was divided between

00:02:30,790 --> 00:02:30,800
south africa in 1899 was divided between
 

00:02:30,800 --> 00:02:33,190
south africa in 1899 was divided between
the the british colonies of the cape and

00:02:33,190 --> 00:02:33,200
the the british colonies of the cape and
 

00:02:33,200 --> 00:02:35,990
the the british colonies of the cape and
natal and the boer republics of orange

00:02:35,990 --> 00:02:36,000
natal and the boer republics of orange
 

00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:38,150
natal and the boer republics of orange
free state and transwall also called the

00:02:38,150 --> 00:02:38,160
free state and transwall also called the
 

00:02:38,160 --> 00:02:40,390
free state and transwall also called the
south african republic

00:02:40,390 --> 00:02:40,400
south african republic
 

00:02:40,400 --> 00:02:42,070
south african republic
the closing years of queen victoria's

00:02:42,070 --> 00:02:42,080
the closing years of queen victoria's
 

00:02:42,080 --> 00:02:44,869
the closing years of queen victoria's
reign at the end of the 19th century saw

00:02:44,869 --> 00:02:44,879
reign at the end of the 19th century saw
 

00:02:44,879 --> 00:02:47,110
reign at the end of the 19th century saw
britain wanting to consolidate south

00:02:47,110 --> 00:02:47,120
britain wanting to consolidate south
 

00:02:47,120 --> 00:02:50,150
britain wanting to consolidate south
africa into one british ruled country

00:02:50,150 --> 00:02:50,160
africa into one british ruled country
 

00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:52,070
africa into one british ruled country
for a variety of reasons which we can't

00:02:52,070 --> 00:02:52,080
for a variety of reasons which we can't
 

00:02:52,080 --> 00:02:55,110
for a variety of reasons which we can't
go into today the boers descendants of

00:02:55,110 --> 00:02:55,120
go into today the boers descendants of
 

00:02:55,120 --> 00:02:57,110
go into today the boers descendants of
dutch and french huguenot and german

00:02:57,110 --> 00:02:57,120
dutch and french huguenot and german
 

00:02:57,120 --> 00:03:00,309
dutch and french huguenot and german
settlers had no desire to be dominated

00:03:00,309 --> 00:03:00,319
settlers had no desire to be dominated
 

00:03:00,319 --> 00:03:01,750
settlers had no desire to be dominated
by britain

00:03:01,750 --> 00:03:01,760
by britain
 

00:03:01,760 --> 00:03:03,589
by britain
relations between the british empire and

00:03:03,589 --> 00:03:03,599
relations between the british empire and
 

00:03:03,599 --> 00:03:05,589
relations between the british empire and
the two independent boer republics had

00:03:05,589 --> 00:03:05,599
the two independent boer republics had
 

00:03:05,599 --> 00:03:07,750
the two independent boer republics had
long been acrimonious

00:03:07,750 --> 00:03:07,760
long been acrimonious
 

00:03:07,760 --> 00:03:10,070
long been acrimonious
back in the 1830s matters came to a head

00:03:10,070 --> 00:03:10,080
back in the 1830s matters came to a head
 

00:03:10,080 --> 00:03:12,149
back in the 1830s matters came to a head
when the british abolished slavery in

00:03:12,149 --> 00:03:12,159
when the british abolished slavery in
 

00:03:12,159 --> 00:03:14,229
when the british abolished slavery in
their in the british empire including

00:03:14,229 --> 00:03:14,239
their in the british empire including
 

00:03:14,239 --> 00:03:15,270
their in the british empire including
the cape

00:03:15,270 --> 00:03:15,280
the cape
 

00:03:15,280 --> 00:03:16,790
the cape
and the boers who were living in the

00:03:16,790 --> 00:03:16,800
and the boers who were living in the
 

00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:19,350
and the boers who were living in the
cape simply loaded up their wagons and

00:03:19,350 --> 00:03:19,360
cape simply loaded up their wagons and
 

00:03:19,360 --> 00:03:21,509
cape simply loaded up their wagons and
trekked into the african interior

00:03:21,509 --> 00:03:21,519
trekked into the african interior
 

00:03:21,519 --> 00:03:23,589
trekked into the african interior
carving out their own two independent

00:03:23,589 --> 00:03:23,599
carving out their own two independent
 

00:03:23,599 --> 00:03:25,110
carving out their own two independent
republics

00:03:25,110 --> 00:03:25,120
republics
 

00:03:25,120 --> 00:03:26,869
republics
the british have briefly occupied the

00:03:26,869 --> 00:03:26,879
the british have briefly occupied the
 

00:03:26,879 --> 00:03:29,670
the british have briefly occupied the
two war republics in the late 1870s only

00:03:29,670 --> 00:03:29,680
two war republics in the late 1870s only
 

00:03:29,680 --> 00:03:31,990
two war republics in the late 1870s only
for the boers to defeat them in a war of

00:03:31,990 --> 00:03:32,000
for the boers to defeat them in a war of
 

00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:33,830
for the boers to defeat them in a war of
independence often called the first

00:03:33,830 --> 00:03:33,840
independence often called the first
 

00:03:33,840 --> 00:03:35,270
independence often called the first
world war

00:03:35,270 --> 00:03:35,280
world war
 

00:03:35,280 --> 00:03:37,990
world war
and since those days a massive goldfield

00:03:37,990 --> 00:03:38,000
and since those days a massive goldfield
 

00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:39,830
and since those days a massive goldfield
had been discovered at the vit varta

00:03:39,830 --> 00:03:39,840
had been discovered at the vit varta
 

00:03:39,840 --> 00:03:43,030
had been discovered at the vit varta
strand in the transvaal suddenly fortune

00:03:43,030 --> 00:03:43,040
strand in the transvaal suddenly fortune
 

00:03:43,040 --> 00:03:45,270
strand in the transvaal suddenly fortune
hunters were flocking to the gold city

00:03:45,270 --> 00:03:45,280
hunters were flocking to the gold city
 

00:03:45,280 --> 00:03:48,470
hunters were flocking to the gold city
of johannesburg the majority of whom

00:03:48,470 --> 00:03:48,480
of johannesburg the majority of whom
 

00:03:48,480 --> 00:03:49,750
of johannesburg the majority of whom
were british

00:03:49,750 --> 00:03:49,760
were british
 

00:03:49,760 --> 00:03:52,869
were british
as they settled and paid local taxes

00:03:52,869 --> 00:03:52,879
as they settled and paid local taxes
 

00:03:52,879 --> 00:03:54,949
as they settled and paid local taxes
they demanded to have a say in the

00:03:54,949 --> 00:03:54,959
they demanded to have a say in the
 

00:03:54,959 --> 00:03:56,309
they demanded to have a say in the
running of the country

00:03:56,309 --> 00:03:56,319
running of the country
 

00:03:56,319 --> 00:03:58,390
running of the country
and this alarmed the president of the

00:03:58,390 --> 00:03:58,400
and this alarmed the president of the
 

00:03:58,400 --> 00:04:01,670
and this alarmed the president of the
south african republic paul kruger

00:04:01,670 --> 00:04:01,680
south african republic paul kruger
 

00:04:01,680 --> 00:04:04,390
south african republic paul kruger
now in his 70s kruger had actually taken

00:04:04,390 --> 00:04:04,400
now in his 70s kruger had actually taken
 

00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:07,589
now in his 70s kruger had actually taken
part in that great trek in the 1830s he

00:04:07,589 --> 00:04:07,599
part in that great trek in the 1830s he
 

00:04:07,599 --> 00:04:09,990
part in that great trek in the 1830s he
was a deeply religious and conservative

00:04:09,990 --> 00:04:10,000
was a deeply religious and conservative
 

00:04:10,000 --> 00:04:12,309
was a deeply religious and conservative
and proud afrikaner

00:04:12,309 --> 00:04:12,319
and proud afrikaner
 

00:04:12,319 --> 00:04:13,990
and proud afrikaner
he realized that giving the vote to

00:04:13,990 --> 00:04:14,000
he realized that giving the vote to
 

00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:17,110
he realized that giving the vote to
these wheatlanders or the outsiders

00:04:17,110 --> 00:04:17,120
these wheatlanders or the outsiders
 

00:04:17,120 --> 00:04:19,430
these wheatlanders or the outsiders
could lead to the boers losing control

00:04:19,430 --> 00:04:19,440
could lead to the boers losing control
 

00:04:19,440 --> 00:04:21,110
could lead to the boers losing control
of their own country

00:04:21,110 --> 00:04:21,120
of their own country
 

00:04:21,120 --> 00:04:23,749
of their own country
and an elected wheatlander government

00:04:23,749 --> 00:04:23,759
and an elected wheatlander government
 

00:04:23,759 --> 00:04:25,990
and an elected wheatlander government
was likely to align if indeed not seek

00:04:25,990 --> 00:04:26,000
was likely to align if indeed not seek
 

00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:28,550
was likely to align if indeed not seek
to join the british empire which of

00:04:28,550 --> 00:04:28,560
to join the british empire which of
 

00:04:28,560 --> 00:04:29,670
to join the british empire which of
course was certainly what the british

00:04:29,670 --> 00:04:29,680
course was certainly what the british
 

00:04:29,680 --> 00:04:31,590
course was certainly what the british
imperialists wanted especially with all

00:04:31,590 --> 00:04:31,600
imperialists wanted especially with all
 

00:04:31,600 --> 00:04:33,510
imperialists wanted especially with all
those gold reserves in the country

00:04:33,510 --> 00:04:33,520
those gold reserves in the country
 

00:04:33,520 --> 00:04:34,870
those gold reserves in the country
kruger refused to give them the

00:04:34,870 --> 00:04:34,880
kruger refused to give them the
 

00:04:34,880 --> 00:04:36,950
kruger refused to give them the
franchise much to the irritation of

00:04:36,950 --> 00:04:36,960
franchise much to the irritation of
 

00:04:36,960 --> 00:04:39,270
franchise much to the irritation of
imperialist and mining magnate cecil

00:04:39,270 --> 00:04:39,280
imperialist and mining magnate cecil
 

00:04:39,280 --> 00:04:42,070
imperialist and mining magnate cecil
rhodes who attempted to overthrow kruger

00:04:42,070 --> 00:04:42,080
rhodes who attempted to overthrow kruger
 

00:04:42,080 --> 00:04:44,950
rhodes who attempted to overthrow kruger
in a botched rising in 1896 called the

00:04:44,950 --> 00:04:44,960
in a botched rising in 1896 called the
 

00:04:44,960 --> 00:04:46,550
in a botched rising in 1896 called the
jameson raid

00:04:46,550 --> 00:04:46,560
jameson raid
 

00:04:46,560 --> 00:04:48,790
jameson raid
the jameson raid merely made kruger even

00:04:48,790 --> 00:04:48,800
the jameson raid merely made kruger even
 

00:04:48,800 --> 00:04:50,390
the jameson raid merely made kruger even
more hawkish in his approach to the

00:04:50,390 --> 00:04:50,400
more hawkish in his approach to the
 

00:04:50,400 --> 00:04:53,030
more hawkish in his approach to the
wheatlanders in general and the british

00:04:53,030 --> 00:04:53,040
wheatlanders in general and the british
 

00:04:53,040 --> 00:04:55,350
wheatlanders in general and the british
empire in particular

00:04:55,350 --> 00:04:55,360
empire in particular
 

00:04:55,360 --> 00:04:58,150
empire in particular
by 1899 with attempts at conciliation

00:04:58,150 --> 00:04:58,160
by 1899 with attempts at conciliation
 

00:04:58,160 --> 00:05:00,230
by 1899 with attempts at conciliation
failing at the bloomfontaine conference

00:05:00,230 --> 00:05:00,240
failing at the bloomfontaine conference
 

00:05:00,240 --> 00:05:02,870
failing at the bloomfontaine conference
both sides began to save a rattle the

00:05:02,870 --> 00:05:02,880
both sides began to save a rattle the
 

00:05:02,880 --> 00:05:04,390
both sides began to save a rattle the
british high commissioner in south

00:05:04,390 --> 00:05:04,400
british high commissioner in south
 

00:05:04,400 --> 00:05:07,029
british high commissioner in south
africa imperialist lord milner told

00:05:07,029 --> 00:05:07,039
africa imperialist lord milner told
 

00:05:07,039 --> 00:05:09,510
africa imperialist lord milner told
london that the boers were he feared the

00:05:09,510 --> 00:05:09,520
london that the boers were he feared the
 

00:05:09,520 --> 00:05:11,590
london that the boers were he feared the
boars were likely to launch a preemptive

00:05:11,590 --> 00:05:11,600
boars were likely to launch a preemptive
 

00:05:11,600 --> 00:05:13,189
boars were likely to launch a preemptive
attack into british colonies of the

00:05:13,189 --> 00:05:13,199
attack into british colonies of the
 

00:05:13,199 --> 00:05:15,510
attack into british colonies of the
natal and cape and to encourage local

00:05:15,510 --> 00:05:15,520
natal and cape and to encourage local
 

00:05:15,520 --> 00:05:17,830
natal and cape and to encourage local
africana populations in those colonies

00:05:17,830 --> 00:05:17,840
africana populations in those colonies
 

00:05:17,840 --> 00:05:21,510
africana populations in those colonies
to rise in support in short miller cried

00:05:21,510 --> 00:05:21,520
to rise in support in short miller cried
 

00:05:21,520 --> 00:05:23,189
to rise in support in short miller cried
britain could be kicked out of south

00:05:23,189 --> 00:05:23,199
britain could be kicked out of south
 

00:05:23,199 --> 00:05:25,430
britain could be kicked out of south
africa the british government announced

00:05:25,430 --> 00:05:25,440
africa the british government announced
 

00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:27,670
africa the british government announced
that they would send ten thousand troops

00:05:27,670 --> 00:05:27,680
that they would send ten thousand troops
 

00:05:27,680 --> 00:05:29,990
that they would send ten thousand troops
to the cape and natal

00:05:29,990 --> 00:05:30,000
to the cape and natal
 

00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:32,230
to the cape and natal
in the transworld capital of pretoria

00:05:32,230 --> 00:05:32,240
in the transworld capital of pretoria
 

00:05:32,240 --> 00:05:34,790
in the transworld capital of pretoria
kruger interpreted this as an attempt by

00:05:34,790 --> 00:05:34,800
kruger interpreted this as an attempt by
 

00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:37,189
kruger interpreted this as an attempt by
the british to invade his country and

00:05:37,189 --> 00:05:37,199
the british to invade his country and
 

00:05:37,199 --> 00:05:40,150
the british to invade his country and
the neighboring orange free state

00:05:40,150 --> 00:05:40,160
the neighboring orange free state
 

00:05:40,160 --> 00:05:42,310
the neighboring orange free state
in october 1899

00:05:42,310 --> 00:05:42,320
in october 1899
 

00:05:42,320 --> 00:05:44,550
in october 1899
he sent an ultimatum to the british

00:05:44,550 --> 00:05:44,560
he sent an ultimatum to the british
 

00:05:44,560 --> 00:05:46,310
he sent an ultimatum to the british
demanding they withdrew british troops

00:05:46,310 --> 00:05:46,320
demanding they withdrew british troops
 

00:05:46,320 --> 00:05:48,469
demanding they withdrew british troops
from his borders and turn back those

00:05:48,469 --> 00:05:48,479
from his borders and turn back those
 

00:05:48,479 --> 00:05:50,710
from his borders and turn back those
reinforcements that were on their way

00:05:50,710 --> 00:05:50,720
reinforcements that were on their way
 

00:05:50,720 --> 00:05:52,550
reinforcements that were on their way
in london those in government still

00:05:52,550 --> 00:05:52,560
in london those in government still
 

00:05:52,560 --> 00:05:54,629
in london those in government still
seeking a compromise were dismayed by

00:05:54,629 --> 00:05:54,639
seeking a compromise were dismayed by
 

00:05:54,639 --> 00:05:56,390
seeking a compromise were dismayed by
kruger's ultimatum

00:05:56,390 --> 00:05:56,400
kruger's ultimatum
 

00:05:56,400 --> 00:05:59,029
kruger's ultimatum
however imperialist hawks cheaply

00:05:59,029 --> 00:05:59,039
however imperialist hawks cheaply
 

00:05:59,039 --> 00:06:00,950
however imperialist hawks cheaply
colonial secretary joseph chamberlain

00:06:00,950 --> 00:06:00,960
colonial secretary joseph chamberlain
 

00:06:00,960 --> 00:06:02,550
colonial secretary joseph chamberlain
were overjoyed

00:06:02,550 --> 00:06:02,560
were overjoyed
 

00:06:02,560 --> 00:06:04,710
were overjoyed
they could now have a war and defeat the

00:06:04,710 --> 00:06:04,720
they could now have a war and defeat the
 

00:06:04,720 --> 00:06:07,830
they could now have a war and defeat the
boers whilst acting as victims of bull

00:06:07,830 --> 00:06:07,840
boers whilst acting as victims of bull
 

00:06:07,840 --> 00:06:09,270
boers whilst acting as victims of bull
regression

00:06:09,270 --> 00:06:09,280
regression
 

00:06:09,280 --> 00:06:11,670
regression
but the overall feeling in london was

00:06:11,670 --> 00:06:11,680
but the overall feeling in london was
 

00:06:11,680 --> 00:06:14,550
but the overall feeling in london was
more of quite frankly of amusement

00:06:14,550 --> 00:06:14,560
more of quite frankly of amusement
 

00:06:14,560 --> 00:06:17,110
more of quite frankly of amusement
just how were a group of farmers going

00:06:17,110 --> 00:06:17,120
just how were a group of farmers going
 

00:06:17,120 --> 00:06:19,350
just how were a group of farmers going
to take on the might of queen victoria's

00:06:19,350 --> 00:06:19,360
to take on the might of queen victoria's
 

00:06:19,360 --> 00:06:21,029
to take on the might of queen victoria's
empire the biggest empire the world had

00:06:21,029 --> 00:06:21,039
empire the biggest empire the world had
 

00:06:21,039 --> 00:06:22,150
empire the biggest empire the world had
ever seen

00:06:22,150 --> 00:06:22,160
ever seen
 

00:06:22,160 --> 00:06:24,550
ever seen
quite frankly the boer ultimatum was a

00:06:24,550 --> 00:06:24,560
quite frankly the boer ultimatum was a
 

00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:26,870
quite frankly the boer ultimatum was a
joke as events were to prove

00:06:26,870 --> 00:06:26,880
joke as events were to prove
 

00:06:26,880 --> 00:06:29,909
joke as events were to prove
the boers were no joke and the laugh for

00:06:29,909 --> 00:06:29,919
the boers were no joke and the laugh for
 

00:06:29,919 --> 00:06:31,830
the boers were no joke and the laugh for
the rest of the world would be on

00:06:31,830 --> 00:06:31,840
the rest of the world would be on
 

00:06:31,840 --> 00:06:34,150
the rest of the world would be on
british on the british empire the

00:06:34,150 --> 00:06:34,160
british on the british empire the
 

00:06:34,160 --> 00:06:36,710
british on the british empire the
ultimatum expired on the 11th of october

00:06:36,710 --> 00:06:36,720
ultimatum expired on the 11th of october
 

00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:38,870
ultimatum expired on the 11th of october
1899 and in the early hours of the

00:06:38,870 --> 00:06:38,880
1899 and in the early hours of the
 

00:06:38,880 --> 00:06:40,950
1899 and in the early hours of the
following morning more troops crossed

00:06:40,950 --> 00:06:40,960
following morning more troops crossed
 

00:06:40,960 --> 00:06:44,150
following morning more troops crossed
the borders into the british colonies

00:06:44,150 --> 00:06:44,160
the borders into the british colonies
 

00:06:44,160 --> 00:06:46,390
the borders into the british colonies
younger hawkish bore commanders like

00:06:46,390 --> 00:06:46,400
younger hawkish bore commanders like
 

00:06:46,400 --> 00:06:48,950
younger hawkish bore commanders like
louis botha and jan smuts advocated

00:06:48,950 --> 00:06:48,960
louis botha and jan smuts advocated
 

00:06:48,960 --> 00:06:51,270
louis botha and jan smuts advocated
heading straight towards durban in natal

00:06:51,270 --> 00:06:51,280
heading straight towards durban in natal
 

00:06:51,280 --> 00:06:53,589
heading straight towards durban in natal
to prevent british troops at landing and

00:06:53,589 --> 00:06:53,599
to prevent british troops at landing and
 

00:06:53,599 --> 00:06:55,749
to prevent british troops at landing and
also into the cape to raise their fellow

00:06:55,749 --> 00:06:55,759
also into the cape to raise their fellow
 

00:06:55,759 --> 00:06:58,070
also into the cape to raise their fellow
afrikaners into a mass war of

00:06:58,070 --> 00:06:58,080
afrikaners into a mass war of
 

00:06:58,080 --> 00:06:59,990
afrikaners into a mass war of
independence

00:06:59,990 --> 00:07:00,000
independence
 

00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:01,990
independence
their ambitious plans were ignored by

00:07:01,990 --> 00:07:02,000
their ambitious plans were ignored by
 

00:07:02,000 --> 00:07:04,070
their ambitious plans were ignored by
the senior boer leadership

00:07:04,070 --> 00:07:04,080
the senior boer leadership
 

00:07:04,080 --> 00:07:06,469
the senior boer leadership
in natal the 68 year old general pete

00:07:06,469 --> 00:07:06,479
in natal the 68 year old general pete
 

00:07:06,479 --> 00:07:08,550
in natal the 68 year old general pete
juber victor over the british in the

00:07:08,550 --> 00:07:08,560
juber victor over the british in the
 

00:07:08,560 --> 00:07:10,629
juber victor over the british in the
previous war preferred to surround the

00:07:10,629 --> 00:07:10,639
previous war preferred to surround the
 

00:07:10,639 --> 00:07:13,029
previous war preferred to surround the
british forces at ladysmith and settle

00:07:13,029 --> 00:07:13,039
british forces at ladysmith and settle
 

00:07:13,039 --> 00:07:15,270
british forces at ladysmith and settle
into a lengthy siege

00:07:15,270 --> 00:07:15,280
into a lengthy siege
 

00:07:15,280 --> 00:07:17,510
into a lengthy siege
over in the cape colony board general

00:07:17,510 --> 00:07:17,520
over in the cape colony board general
 

00:07:17,520 --> 00:07:20,150
over in the cape colony board general
pete cronier adopted a similar tactic

00:07:20,150 --> 00:07:20,160
pete cronier adopted a similar tactic
 

00:07:20,160 --> 00:07:21,830
pete cronier adopted a similar tactic
leading laying siege to the towns of

00:07:21,830 --> 00:07:21,840
leading laying siege to the towns of
 

00:07:21,840 --> 00:07:24,309
leading laying siege to the towns of
mafiking and the diamond producing town

00:07:24,309 --> 00:07:24,319
mafiking and the diamond producing town
 

00:07:24,319 --> 00:07:25,830
mafiking and the diamond producing town
of kimberley

00:07:25,830 --> 00:07:25,840
of kimberley
 

00:07:25,840 --> 00:07:27,830
of kimberley
in response to the invasion the british

00:07:27,830 --> 00:07:27,840
in response to the invasion the british
 

00:07:27,840 --> 00:07:30,710
in response to the invasion the british
sent a whole army corps 50 000 strong

00:07:30,710 --> 00:07:30,720
sent a whole army corps 50 000 strong
 

00:07:30,720 --> 00:07:32,710
sent a whole army corps 50 000 strong
from britain under the command of

00:07:32,710 --> 00:07:32,720
from britain under the command of
 

00:07:32,720 --> 00:07:35,670
from britain under the command of
veteran general sir revis buller

00:07:35,670 --> 00:07:35,680
veteran general sir revis buller
 

00:07:35,680 --> 00:07:38,469
veteran general sir revis buller
british confidence and optimism was

00:07:38,469 --> 00:07:38,479
british confidence and optimism was
 

00:07:38,479 --> 00:07:41,110
british confidence and optimism was
massively high this was the biggest army

00:07:41,110 --> 00:07:41,120
massively high this was the biggest army
 

00:07:41,120 --> 00:07:43,110
massively high this was the biggest army
to ever leave britain shores since the

00:07:43,110 --> 00:07:43,120
to ever leave britain shores since the
 

00:07:43,120 --> 00:07:44,469
to ever leave britain shores since the
crimean war

00:07:44,469 --> 00:07:44,479
crimean war
 

00:07:44,479 --> 00:07:47,110
crimean war
a cartoon in the magazine punch captured

00:07:47,110 --> 00:07:47,120
a cartoon in the magazine punch captured
 

00:07:47,120 --> 00:07:49,350
a cartoon in the magazine punch captured
the mood of the british public

00:07:49,350 --> 00:07:49,360
the mood of the british public
 

00:07:49,360 --> 00:07:51,350
the mood of the british public
two street urchins are shown with one

00:07:51,350 --> 00:07:51,360
two street urchins are shown with one
 

00:07:51,360 --> 00:07:53,510
two street urchins are shown with one
saying the boars will cop it now

00:07:53,510 --> 00:07:53,520
saying the boars will cop it now
 

00:07:53,520 --> 00:07:55,510
saying the boars will cop it now
father's gone to south africa and he's

00:07:55,510 --> 00:07:55,520
father's gone to south africa and he's
 

00:07:55,520 --> 00:07:57,909
father's gone to south africa and he's
taking his strap the ball farmers have

00:07:57,909 --> 00:07:57,919
taking his strap the ball farmers have
 

00:07:57,919 --> 00:08:00,150
taking his strap the ball farmers have
had their fun and now was the time for

00:08:00,150 --> 00:08:00,160
had their fun and now was the time for
 

00:08:00,160 --> 00:08:01,909
had their fun and now was the time for
the british empire to teach them a

00:08:01,909 --> 00:08:01,919
the british empire to teach them a
 

00:08:01,919 --> 00:08:04,390
the british empire to teach them a
lesson but within a matter of weeks it

00:08:04,390 --> 00:08:04,400
lesson but within a matter of weeks it
 

00:08:04,400 --> 00:08:06,309
lesson but within a matter of weeks it
was the boers who'd be teaching the

00:08:06,309 --> 00:08:06,319
was the boers who'd be teaching the
 

00:08:06,319 --> 00:08:08,869
was the boers who'd be teaching the
british a bloody lesson

00:08:08,869 --> 00:08:08,879
british a bloody lesson
 

00:08:08,879 --> 00:08:10,869
british a bloody lesson
the boers might not march as neatly as

00:08:10,869 --> 00:08:10,879
the boers might not march as neatly as
 

00:08:10,879 --> 00:08:12,469
the boers might not march as neatly as
the soldiers of the queen

00:08:12,469 --> 00:08:12,479
the soldiers of the queen
 

00:08:12,479 --> 00:08:14,309
the soldiers of the queen
but they knew africa unlike their

00:08:14,309 --> 00:08:14,319
but they knew africa unlike their
 

00:08:14,319 --> 00:08:16,390
but they knew africa unlike their
british adversaries

00:08:16,390 --> 00:08:16,400
british adversaries
 

00:08:16,400 --> 00:08:18,309
british adversaries
organized into mounted units called

00:08:18,309 --> 00:08:18,319
organized into mounted units called
 

00:08:18,319 --> 00:08:21,189
organized into mounted units called
commandos the boers had the flexibility

00:08:21,189 --> 00:08:21,199
commandos the boers had the flexibility
 

00:08:21,199 --> 00:08:23,029
commandos the boers had the flexibility
and speed that enabled them to

00:08:23,029 --> 00:08:23,039
and speed that enabled them to
 

00:08:23,039 --> 00:08:25,029
and speed that enabled them to
outmaneuver the lumbering british

00:08:25,029 --> 00:08:25,039
outmaneuver the lumbering british
 

00:08:25,039 --> 00:08:27,589
outmaneuver the lumbering british
infantry time and time again

00:08:27,589 --> 00:08:27,599
infantry time and time again
 

00:08:27,599 --> 00:08:29,589
infantry time and time again
their frontier lifestyle had developed

00:08:29,589 --> 00:08:29,599
their frontier lifestyle had developed
 

00:08:29,599 --> 00:08:32,550
their frontier lifestyle had developed
the boers into crack shots and unlike

00:08:32,550 --> 00:08:32,560
the boers into crack shots and unlike
 

00:08:32,560 --> 00:08:33,990
the boers into crack shots and unlike
the native armies that the british

00:08:33,990 --> 00:08:34,000
the native armies that the british
 

00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:36,230
the native armies that the british
normally fought the boers were armed

00:08:36,230 --> 00:08:36,240
normally fought the boers were armed
 

00:08:36,240 --> 00:08:38,949
normally fought the boers were armed
with the latest european weapons the

00:08:38,949 --> 00:08:38,959
with the latest european weapons the
 

00:08:38,959 --> 00:08:42,149
with the latest european weapons the
german mauser rifle whilst not in the

00:08:42,149 --> 00:08:42,159
german mauser rifle whilst not in the
 

00:08:42,159 --> 00:08:43,829
german mauser rifle whilst not in the
abundance of the british forces landing

00:08:43,829 --> 00:08:43,839
abundance of the british forces landing
 

00:08:43,839 --> 00:08:45,829
abundance of the british forces landing
in south africa the boers were also

00:08:45,829 --> 00:08:45,839
in south africa the boers were also
 

00:08:45,839 --> 00:08:48,710
in south africa the boers were also
armed with the latest crooks artillery

00:08:48,710 --> 00:08:48,720
armed with the latest crooks artillery
 

00:08:48,720 --> 00:08:50,310
armed with the latest crooks artillery
again a complete difference to the

00:08:50,310 --> 00:08:50,320
again a complete difference to the
 

00:08:50,320 --> 00:08:52,389
again a complete difference to the
native armies the british were used to

00:08:52,389 --> 00:08:52,399
native armies the british were used to
 

00:08:52,399 --> 00:08:55,350
native armies the british were used to
fighting in their empire and finally the

00:08:55,350 --> 00:08:55,360
fighting in their empire and finally the
 

00:08:55,360 --> 00:08:57,350
fighting in their empire and finally the
boers during these war years were to be

00:08:57,350 --> 00:08:57,360
boers during these war years were to be
 

00:08:57,360 --> 00:08:59,990
boers during these war years were to be
led by a series of gifted generals in

00:08:59,990 --> 00:09:00,000
led by a series of gifted generals in
 

00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:03,030
led by a series of gifted generals in
particular louis botha cous de la ray

00:09:03,030 --> 00:09:03,040
particular louis botha cous de la ray
 

00:09:03,040 --> 00:09:06,070
particular louis botha cous de la ray
jansmutz and christian devette

00:09:06,070 --> 00:09:06,080
jansmutz and christian devette
 

00:09:06,080 --> 00:09:07,350
jansmutz and christian devette
all in all

00:09:07,350 --> 00:09:07,360
all in all
 

00:09:07,360 --> 00:09:09,670
all in all
this was an african enemy unlike any the

00:09:09,670 --> 00:09:09,680
this was an african enemy unlike any the
 

00:09:09,680 --> 00:09:11,430
this was an african enemy unlike any the
british had fought during queen

00:09:11,430 --> 00:09:11,440
british had fought during queen
 

00:09:11,440 --> 00:09:13,990
british had fought during queen
victoria's long reign

00:09:13,990 --> 00:09:14,000
victoria's long reign
 

00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:16,389
victoria's long reign
bulla's initial plan to use his whole

00:09:16,389 --> 00:09:16,399
bulla's initial plan to use his whole
 

00:09:16,399 --> 00:09:18,710
bulla's initial plan to use his whole
army in one push from the cape colony

00:09:18,710 --> 00:09:18,720
army in one push from the cape colony
 

00:09:18,720 --> 00:09:20,550
army in one push from the cape colony
towards the boer capitals of

00:09:20,550 --> 00:09:20,560
towards the boer capitals of
 

00:09:20,560 --> 00:09:22,389
towards the boer capitals of
bloomfontaine and pretoria

00:09:22,389 --> 00:09:22,399
bloomfontaine and pretoria
 

00:09:22,399 --> 00:09:24,630
bloomfontaine and pretoria
had to be revised due to events

00:09:24,630 --> 00:09:24,640
had to be revised due to events
 

00:09:24,640 --> 00:09:26,630
had to be revised due to events
unfolding on the ground

00:09:26,630 --> 00:09:26,640
unfolding on the ground
 

00:09:26,640 --> 00:09:29,269
unfolding on the ground
in the besieged town of kimberley cecil

00:09:29,269 --> 00:09:29,279
in the besieged town of kimberley cecil
 

00:09:29,279 --> 00:09:31,110
in the besieged town of kimberley cecil
rhodes the imperialist who practically

00:09:31,110 --> 00:09:31,120
rhodes the imperialist who practically
 

00:09:31,120 --> 00:09:33,590
rhodes the imperialist who practically
owned the town was undermining the

00:09:33,590 --> 00:09:33,600
owned the town was undermining the
 

00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:35,910
owned the town was undermining the
military commander by sending frantic

00:09:35,910 --> 00:09:35,920
military commander by sending frantic
 

00:09:35,920 --> 00:09:38,550
military commander by sending frantic
messages as to the peril of the town and

00:09:38,550 --> 00:09:38,560
messages as to the peril of the town and
 

00:09:38,560 --> 00:09:39,750
messages as to the peril of the town and
suggesting that he would have to

00:09:39,750 --> 00:09:39,760
suggesting that he would have to
 

00:09:39,760 --> 00:09:41,990
suggesting that he would have to
surrender it to the boers to lose the

00:09:41,990 --> 00:09:42,000
surrender it to the boers to lose the
 

00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:44,310
surrender it to the boers to lose the
world's main diamond producing town and

00:09:44,310 --> 00:09:44,320
world's main diamond producing town and
 

00:09:44,320 --> 00:09:45,990
world's main diamond producing town and
to have one of the british empire's

00:09:45,990 --> 00:09:46,000
to have one of the british empire's
 

00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:48,630
to have one of the british empire's
leading advocates cecil rhodes captured

00:09:48,630 --> 00:09:48,640
leading advocates cecil rhodes captured
 

00:09:48,640 --> 00:09:50,949
leading advocates cecil rhodes captured
by the buzz presented bulla with a

00:09:50,949 --> 00:09:50,959
by the buzz presented bulla with a
 

00:09:50,959 --> 00:09:54,310
by the buzz presented bulla with a
political as well as military imperative

00:09:54,310 --> 00:09:54,320
political as well as military imperative
 

00:09:54,320 --> 00:09:56,230
political as well as military imperative
meanwhile over in the tile colony

00:09:56,230 --> 00:09:56,240
meanwhile over in the tile colony
 

00:09:56,240 --> 00:09:58,550
meanwhile over in the tile colony
general white was holed up with 12 000

00:09:58,550 --> 00:09:58,560
general white was holed up with 12 000
 

00:09:58,560 --> 00:10:01,269
general white was holed up with 12 000
troops stuck in lady smith as queen

00:10:01,269 --> 00:10:01,279
troops stuck in lady smith as queen
 

00:10:01,279 --> 00:10:03,430
troops stuck in lady smith as queen
victoria mooted the surrender of this

00:10:03,430 --> 00:10:03,440
victoria mooted the surrender of this
 

00:10:03,440 --> 00:10:06,550
victoria mooted the surrender of this
force to a ragged bore army was too

00:10:06,550 --> 00:10:06,560
force to a ragged bore army was too
 

00:10:06,560 --> 00:10:08,870
force to a ragged bore army was too
awful to contemplate

00:10:08,870 --> 00:10:08,880
awful to contemplate
 

00:10:08,880 --> 00:10:11,509
awful to contemplate
bulla divided his forces

00:10:11,509 --> 00:10:11,519
bulla divided his forces
 

00:10:11,519 --> 00:10:13,750
bulla divided his forces
he himself would go to natal and rescue

00:10:13,750 --> 00:10:13,760
he himself would go to natal and rescue
 

00:10:13,760 --> 00:10:15,750
he himself would go to natal and rescue
the troops trapped in ladysmith

00:10:15,750 --> 00:10:15,760
the troops trapped in ladysmith
 

00:10:15,760 --> 00:10:17,829
the troops trapped in ladysmith
lieutenant general lord methuen would

00:10:17,829 --> 00:10:17,839
lieutenant general lord methuen would
 

00:10:17,839 --> 00:10:20,150
lieutenant general lord methuen would
lead a column to relieve kimberley

00:10:20,150 --> 00:10:20,160
lead a column to relieve kimberley
 

00:10:20,160 --> 00:10:22,230
lead a column to relieve kimberley
whilst general gattica a fresh from the

00:10:22,230 --> 00:10:22,240
whilst general gattica a fresh from the
 

00:10:22,240 --> 00:10:24,630
whilst general gattica a fresh from the
british victory at omdaman in sudan

00:10:24,630 --> 00:10:24,640
british victory at omdaman in sudan
 

00:10:24,640 --> 00:10:26,790
british victory at omdaman in sudan
would prevent the buurs driving into the

00:10:26,790 --> 00:10:26,800
would prevent the buurs driving into the
 

00:10:26,800 --> 00:10:29,269
would prevent the buurs driving into the
cape midlands and instigating a local

00:10:29,269 --> 00:10:29,279
cape midlands and instigating a local
 

00:10:29,279 --> 00:10:31,350
cape midlands and instigating a local
africana rising

00:10:31,350 --> 00:10:31,360
africana rising
 

00:10:31,360 --> 00:10:32,870
africana rising
within the space of five days in

00:10:32,870 --> 00:10:32,880
within the space of five days in
 

00:10:32,880 --> 00:10:35,509
within the space of five days in
mid-december the boers were to inflict

00:10:35,509 --> 00:10:35,519
mid-december the boers were to inflict
 

00:10:35,519 --> 00:10:37,910
mid-december the boers were to inflict
three stunning defeats on the proud

00:10:37,910 --> 00:10:37,920
three stunning defeats on the proud
 

00:10:37,920 --> 00:10:39,350
three stunning defeats on the proud
british empire

00:10:39,350 --> 00:10:39,360
british empire
 

00:10:39,360 --> 00:10:41,190
british empire
the army advancing to relieve kimberly

00:10:41,190 --> 00:10:41,200
the army advancing to relieve kimberly
 

00:10:41,200 --> 00:10:43,910
the army advancing to relieve kimberly
lost 900 men killed wounded and captured

00:10:43,910 --> 00:10:43,920
lost 900 men killed wounded and captured
 

00:10:43,920 --> 00:10:46,790
lost 900 men killed wounded and captured
at the battle of magus fontaine

00:10:46,790 --> 00:10:46,800
at the battle of magus fontaine
 

00:10:46,800 --> 00:10:49,269
at the battle of magus fontaine
at stormberg general gattica got

00:10:49,269 --> 00:10:49,279
at stormberg general gattica got
 

00:10:49,279 --> 00:10:51,910
at stormberg general gattica got
hopelessly lost in a nighttime advance

00:10:51,910 --> 00:10:51,920
hopelessly lost in a nighttime advance
 

00:10:51,920 --> 00:10:53,590
hopelessly lost in a nighttime advance
on the boers holding the railway

00:10:53,590 --> 00:10:53,600
on the boers holding the railway
 

00:10:53,600 --> 00:10:56,069
on the boers holding the railway
junction and instead of surprising the

00:10:56,069 --> 00:10:56,079
junction and instead of surprising the
 

00:10:56,079 --> 00:10:57,030
junction and instead of surprising the
boers

00:10:57,030 --> 00:10:57,040
boers
 

00:10:57,040 --> 00:10:59,750
boers
they were themselves surprised and 600

00:10:59,750 --> 00:10:59,760
they were themselves surprised and 600
 

00:10:59,760 --> 00:11:02,230
they were themselves surprised and 600
british troops were captured

00:11:02,230 --> 00:11:02,240
british troops were captured
 

00:11:02,240 --> 00:11:05,269
british troops were captured
finally bulla's own advance in natal was

00:11:05,269 --> 00:11:05,279
finally bulla's own advance in natal was
 

00:11:05,279 --> 00:11:07,509
finally bulla's own advance in natal was
brought to a shuddering halt as he was

00:11:07,509 --> 00:11:07,519
brought to a shuddering halt as he was
 

00:11:07,519 --> 00:11:09,670
brought to a shuddering halt as he was
defeated by general louis botha at the

00:11:09,670 --> 00:11:09,680
defeated by general louis botha at the
 

00:11:09,680 --> 00:11:12,230
defeated by general louis botha at the
battle of calenzo

00:11:12,230 --> 00:11:12,240
battle of calenzo
 

00:11:12,240 --> 00:11:13,750
battle of calenzo
in five days

00:11:13,750 --> 00:11:13,760
in five days
 

00:11:13,760 --> 00:11:16,150
in five days
the british had lost over two and a half

00:11:16,150 --> 00:11:16,160
the british had lost over two and a half
 

00:11:16,160 --> 00:11:18,069
the british had lost over two and a half
thousand men

00:11:18,069 --> 00:11:18,079
thousand men
 

00:11:18,079 --> 00:11:19,910
thousand men
the stunned british press

00:11:19,910 --> 00:11:19,920
the stunned british press
 

00:11:19,920 --> 00:11:20,949
the stunned british press
dubbed it

00:11:20,949 --> 00:11:20,959
dubbed it
 

00:11:20,959 --> 00:11:23,030
dubbed it
black weak

00:11:23,030 --> 00:11:23,040
black weak
 

00:11:23,040 --> 00:11:24,710
black weak
back in london there was a clamor for

00:11:24,710 --> 00:11:24,720
back in london there was a clamor for
 

00:11:24,720 --> 00:11:26,470
back in london there was a clamor for
change and buller was relieved of

00:11:26,470 --> 00:11:26,480
change and buller was relieved of
 

00:11:26,480 --> 00:11:29,030
change and buller was relieved of
overall command to be replaced by the

00:11:29,030 --> 00:11:29,040
overall command to be replaced by the
 

00:11:29,040 --> 00:11:31,990
overall command to be replaced by the
darling of the indian army lord roberts

00:11:31,990 --> 00:11:32,000
darling of the indian army lord roberts
 

00:11:32,000 --> 00:11:35,110
darling of the indian army lord roberts
known to his men as bobs

00:11:35,110 --> 00:11:35,120
known to his men as bobs
 

00:11:35,120 --> 00:11:37,430
known to his men as bobs
bob's arrived in south africa wearing a

00:11:37,430 --> 00:11:37,440
bob's arrived in south africa wearing a
 

00:11:37,440 --> 00:11:40,389
bob's arrived in south africa wearing a
black armband his only son had been

00:11:40,389 --> 00:11:40,399
black armband his only son had been
 

00:11:40,399 --> 00:11:43,269
black armband his only son had been
killed at the battle of kalenso

00:11:43,269 --> 00:11:43,279
killed at the battle of kalenso
 

00:11:43,279 --> 00:11:45,590
killed at the battle of kalenso
with him was a new chief of staff

00:11:45,590 --> 00:11:45,600
with him was a new chief of staff
 

00:11:45,600 --> 00:11:47,670
with him was a new chief of staff
general herbert kitchener who only the

00:11:47,670 --> 00:11:47,680
general herbert kitchener who only the
 

00:11:47,680 --> 00:11:50,069
general herbert kitchener who only the
previous year had ruthlessly crushed the

00:11:50,069 --> 00:11:50,079
previous year had ruthlessly crushed the
 

00:11:50,079 --> 00:11:53,269
previous year had ruthlessly crushed the
sudanese at the battle of omdam

00:11:53,269 --> 00:11:53,279
sudanese at the battle of omdam
 

00:11:53,279 --> 00:11:56,069
sudanese at the battle of omdam
humiliated by the boers ridiculed by the

00:11:56,069 --> 00:11:56,079
humiliated by the boers ridiculed by the
 

00:11:56,079 --> 00:11:58,389
humiliated by the boers ridiculed by the
foreign press and governments just two

00:11:58,389 --> 00:11:58,399
foreign press and governments just two
 

00:11:58,399 --> 00:12:00,150
foreign press and governments just two
years after queen victoria's diamond

00:12:00,150 --> 00:12:00,160
years after queen victoria's diamond
 

00:12:00,160 --> 00:12:01,350
years after queen victoria's diamond
jubilee

00:12:01,350 --> 00:12:01,360
jubilee
 

00:12:01,360 --> 00:12:03,030
jubilee
this was now turning into a war the

00:12:03,030 --> 00:12:03,040
this was now turning into a war the
 

00:12:03,040 --> 00:12:05,430
this was now turning into a war the
british government had to win

00:12:05,430 --> 00:12:05,440
british government had to win
 

00:12:05,440 --> 00:12:06,710
british government had to win
and fast

00:12:06,710 --> 00:12:06,720
and fast
 

00:12:06,720 --> 00:12:08,710
and fast
thousands more troops were sent to south

00:12:08,710 --> 00:12:08,720
thousands more troops were sent to south
 

00:12:08,720 --> 00:12:12,389
thousands more troops were sent to south
africa including 100 000 colonial troops

00:12:12,389 --> 00:12:12,399
africa including 100 000 colonial troops
 

00:12:12,399 --> 00:12:15,590
africa including 100 000 colonial troops
from australia canada and new zealand

00:12:15,590 --> 00:12:15,600
from australia canada and new zealand
 

00:12:15,600 --> 00:12:18,389
from australia canada and new zealand
in britain a new sort of army unit the

00:12:18,389 --> 00:12:18,399
in britain a new sort of army unit the
 

00:12:18,399 --> 00:12:20,870
in britain a new sort of army unit the
imperial yeomanry was recruited

00:12:20,870 --> 00:12:20,880
imperial yeomanry was recruited
 

00:12:20,880 --> 00:12:22,710
imperial yeomanry was recruited
from men from the hunting and riding

00:12:22,710 --> 00:12:22,720
from men from the hunting and riding
 

00:12:22,720 --> 00:12:24,470
from men from the hunting and riding
communities of each county

00:12:24,470 --> 00:12:24,480
communities of each county
 

00:12:24,480 --> 00:12:26,949
communities of each county
and they would provide a mobile counter

00:12:26,949 --> 00:12:26,959
and they would provide a mobile counter
 

00:12:26,959 --> 00:12:29,030
and they would provide a mobile counter
to the boers

00:12:29,030 --> 00:12:29,040
to the boers
 

00:12:29,040 --> 00:12:32,470
to the boers
eventually nearly 450 000 british troops

00:12:32,470 --> 00:12:32,480
eventually nearly 450 000 british troops
 

00:12:32,480 --> 00:12:34,949
eventually nearly 450 000 british troops
would serve in south africa the largest

00:12:34,949 --> 00:12:34,959
would serve in south africa the largest
 

00:12:34,959 --> 00:12:37,509
would serve in south africa the largest
british army ever sent abroad before

00:12:37,509 --> 00:12:37,519
british army ever sent abroad before
 

00:12:37,519 --> 00:12:39,269
british army ever sent abroad before
world war one

00:12:39,269 --> 00:12:39,279
world war one
 

00:12:39,279 --> 00:12:40,629
world war one
to counter

00:12:40,629 --> 00:12:40,639
to counter
 

00:12:40,639 --> 00:12:43,910
to counter
just 45 000 burs

00:12:43,910 --> 00:12:43,920
just 45 000 burs
 

00:12:43,920 --> 00:12:45,670
just 45 000 burs
before roberts could swing into action

00:12:45,670 --> 00:12:45,680
before roberts could swing into action
 

00:12:45,680 --> 00:12:47,829
before roberts could swing into action
bulla had another crack at breaking

00:12:47,829 --> 00:12:47,839
bulla had another crack at breaking
 

00:12:47,839 --> 00:12:50,629
bulla had another crack at breaking
through to lady smith in january 1900

00:12:50,629 --> 00:12:50,639
through to lady smith in january 1900
 

00:12:50,639 --> 00:12:53,030
through to lady smith in january 1900
the ensuing battle of spin cop resulted

00:12:53,030 --> 00:12:53,040
the ensuing battle of spin cop resulted
 

00:12:53,040 --> 00:12:55,350
the ensuing battle of spin cop resulted
in yet another boer victory with a loss

00:12:55,350 --> 00:12:55,360
in yet another boer victory with a loss
 

00:12:55,360 --> 00:12:58,470
in yet another boer victory with a loss
of 350 british british dead and over a

00:12:58,470 --> 00:12:58,480
of 350 british british dead and over a
 

00:12:58,480 --> 00:12:59,910
of 350 british british dead and over a
thousand wounded

00:12:59,910 --> 00:12:59,920
thousand wounded
 

00:12:59,920 --> 00:13:02,790
thousand wounded
as an aside during the battle an indian

00:13:02,790 --> 00:13:02,800
as an aside during the battle an indian
 

00:13:02,800 --> 00:13:05,670
as an aside during the battle an indian
ambulance corps played an active role in

00:13:05,670 --> 00:13:05,680
ambulance corps played an active role in
 

00:13:05,680 --> 00:13:08,069
ambulance corps played an active role in
rescuing and caring british wounded

00:13:08,069 --> 00:13:08,079
rescuing and caring british wounded
 

00:13:08,079 --> 00:13:09,430
rescuing and caring british wounded
british soldiers

00:13:09,430 --> 00:13:09,440
british soldiers
 

00:13:09,440 --> 00:13:11,990
british soldiers
amongst their number was a young lawyer

00:13:11,990 --> 00:13:12,000
amongst their number was a young lawyer
 

00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:14,389
amongst their number was a young lawyer
mahandas gandhi

00:13:14,389 --> 00:13:14,399
mahandas gandhi
 

00:13:14,399 --> 00:13:16,949
mahandas gandhi
over in the cape colony robert's army of

00:13:16,949 --> 00:13:16,959
over in the cape colony robert's army of
 

00:13:16,959 --> 00:13:20,389
over in the cape colony robert's army of
35 000 men finally moved forward a

00:13:20,389 --> 00:13:20,399
35 000 men finally moved forward a
 

00:13:20,399 --> 00:13:22,069
35 000 men finally moved forward a
cavalry division under major general

00:13:22,069 --> 00:13:22,079
cavalry division under major general
 

00:13:22,079 --> 00:13:24,150
cavalry division under major general
john french outflanked the boers and

00:13:24,150 --> 00:13:24,160
john french outflanked the boers and
 

00:13:24,160 --> 00:13:25,829
john french outflanked the boers and
entered kimberley on the 15th of

00:13:25,829 --> 00:13:25,839
entered kimberley on the 15th of
 

00:13:25,839 --> 00:13:28,310
entered kimberley on the 15th of
february only to find the situation was

00:13:28,310 --> 00:13:28,320
february only to find the situation was
 

00:13:28,320 --> 00:13:30,710
february only to find the situation was
nowhere near as dire as rhodes had been

00:13:30,710 --> 00:13:30,720
nowhere near as dire as rhodes had been
 

00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:32,870
nowhere near as dire as rhodes had been
claiming later that month the british

00:13:32,870 --> 00:13:32,880
claiming later that month the british
 

00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:34,629
claiming later that month the british
gained their first significant military

00:13:34,629 --> 00:13:34,639
gained their first significant military
 

00:13:34,639 --> 00:13:37,590
gained their first significant military
success forcing the surrender of general

00:13:37,590 --> 00:13:37,600
success forcing the surrender of general
 

00:13:37,600 --> 00:13:39,910
success forcing the surrender of general
cronier and over four thousand of his

00:13:39,910 --> 00:13:39,920
cronier and over four thousand of his
 

00:13:39,920 --> 00:13:42,389
cronier and over four thousand of his
troops at the battle of padburg just

00:13:42,389 --> 00:13:42,399
troops at the battle of padburg just
 

00:13:42,399 --> 00:13:44,790
troops at the battle of padburg just
over two weeks later roberts entered the

00:13:44,790 --> 00:13:44,800
over two weeks later roberts entered the
 

00:13:44,800 --> 00:13:46,550
over two weeks later roberts entered the
capital of the orange free state

00:13:46,550 --> 00:13:46,560
capital of the orange free state
 

00:13:46,560 --> 00:13:49,430
capital of the orange free state
bloomfontaine and raised a silk union

00:13:49,430 --> 00:13:49,440
bloomfontaine and raised a silk union
 

00:13:49,440 --> 00:13:52,230
bloomfontaine and raised a silk union
flag that his wife had made for him more

00:13:52,230 --> 00:13:52,240
flag that his wife had made for him more
 

00:13:52,240 --> 00:13:53,750
flag that his wife had made for him more
good news for the british followed with

00:13:53,750 --> 00:13:53,760
good news for the british followed with
 

00:13:53,760 --> 00:13:56,470
good news for the british followed with
bulla finally relieving lady smith and

00:13:56,470 --> 00:13:56,480
bulla finally relieving lady smith and
 

00:13:56,480 --> 00:13:59,670
bulla finally relieving lady smith and
then advancing towards transwell roberts

00:13:59,670 --> 00:13:59,680
then advancing towards transwell roberts
 

00:13:59,680 --> 00:14:00,790
then advancing towards transwell roberts
now pause for several weeks in

00:14:00,790 --> 00:14:00,800
now pause for several weeks in
 

00:14:00,800 --> 00:14:03,269
now pause for several weeks in
bloomfontaine during which time polluted

00:14:03,269 --> 00:14:03,279
bloomfontaine during which time polluted
 

00:14:03,279 --> 00:14:06,310
bloomfontaine during which time polluted
water spread disease through his army in

00:14:06,310 --> 00:14:06,320
water spread disease through his army in
 

00:14:06,320 --> 00:14:08,470
water spread disease through his army in
this war more british soldiers were to

00:14:08,470 --> 00:14:08,480
this war more british soldiers were to
 

00:14:08,480 --> 00:14:09,990
this war more british soldiers were to
die from disease

00:14:09,990 --> 00:14:10,000
die from disease
 

00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:12,550
die from disease
than from boar bullets on the 17th of

00:14:12,550 --> 00:14:12,560
than from boar bullets on the 17th of
 

00:14:12,560 --> 00:14:14,870
than from boar bullets on the 17th of
may mafa king was finally relieved after

00:14:14,870 --> 00:14:14,880
may mafa king was finally relieved after
 

00:14:14,880 --> 00:14:17,910
may mafa king was finally relieved after
a siege of 215 days the longest siege of

00:14:17,910 --> 00:14:17,920
a siege of 215 days the longest siege of
 

00:14:17,920 --> 00:14:19,110
a siege of 215 days the longest siege of
the war

00:14:19,110 --> 00:14:19,120
the war
 

00:14:19,120 --> 00:14:20,949
the war
the british public had followed the

00:14:20,949 --> 00:14:20,959
the british public had followed the
 

00:14:20,959 --> 00:14:23,110
the british public had followed the
reports from the garrison commander

00:14:23,110 --> 00:14:23,120
reports from the garrison commander
 

00:14:23,120 --> 00:14:26,310
reports from the garrison commander
robert baden-powell with an insatiable

00:14:26,310 --> 00:14:26,320
robert baden-powell with an insatiable
 

00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:28,949
robert baden-powell with an insatiable
hunger that had turned this quiet if

00:14:28,949 --> 00:14:28,959
hunger that had turned this quiet if
 

00:14:28,959 --> 00:14:31,269
hunger that had turned this quiet if
somewhat of a showman officer into a

00:14:31,269 --> 00:14:31,279
somewhat of a showman officer into a
 

00:14:31,279 --> 00:14:33,910
somewhat of a showman officer into a
national hero unlike the shrill calls

00:14:33,910 --> 00:14:33,920
national hero unlike the shrill calls
 

00:14:33,920 --> 00:14:35,750
national hero unlike the shrill calls
from rhodes in kimberley

00:14:35,750 --> 00:14:35,760
from rhodes in kimberley
 

00:14:35,760 --> 00:14:37,750
from rhodes in kimberley
baden powell's reports had an air of

00:14:37,750 --> 00:14:37,760
baden powell's reports had an air of
 

00:14:37,760 --> 00:14:40,790
baden powell's reports had an air of
indifference and supreme confidence that

00:14:40,790 --> 00:14:40,800
indifference and supreme confidence that
 

00:14:40,800 --> 00:14:43,269
indifference and supreme confidence that
the victorian public expected from their

00:14:43,269 --> 00:14:43,279
the victorian public expected from their
 

00:14:43,279 --> 00:14:45,430
the victorian public expected from their
military leaders the public back in

00:14:45,430 --> 00:14:45,440
military leaders the public back in
 

00:14:45,440 --> 00:14:46,470
military leaders the public back in
britain

00:14:46,470 --> 00:14:46,480
britain
 

00:14:46,480 --> 00:14:48,710
britain
loved him the relief of mafiking gave

00:14:48,710 --> 00:14:48,720
loved him the relief of mafiking gave
 

00:14:48,720 --> 00:14:51,030
loved him the relief of mafiking gave
rise to huge street celebrations which

00:14:51,030 --> 00:14:51,040
rise to huge street celebrations which
 

00:14:51,040 --> 00:14:53,509
rise to huge street celebrations which
rivaled those that we saw at the end of

00:14:53,509 --> 00:14:53,519
rivaled those that we saw at the end of
 

00:14:53,519 --> 00:14:55,829
rivaled those that we saw at the end of
both world wars

00:14:55,829 --> 00:14:55,839
both world wars
 

00:14:55,839 --> 00:14:58,150
both world wars
baden-powell was to go on to form the

00:14:58,150 --> 00:14:58,160
baden-powell was to go on to form the
 

00:14:58,160 --> 00:15:00,150
baden-powell was to go on to form the
boy scouts

00:15:00,150 --> 00:15:00,160
boy scouts
 

00:15:00,160 --> 00:15:02,150
boy scouts
by the end of may roberts had advanced

00:15:02,150 --> 00:15:02,160
by the end of may roberts had advanced
 

00:15:02,160 --> 00:15:04,870
by the end of may roberts had advanced
almost unopposed into johannesburg and a

00:15:04,870 --> 00:15:04,880
almost unopposed into johannesburg and a
 

00:15:04,880 --> 00:15:07,350
almost unopposed into johannesburg and a
week later was once again unfurling his

00:15:07,350 --> 00:15:07,360
week later was once again unfurling his
 

00:15:07,360 --> 00:15:09,990
week later was once again unfurling his
wife's silk flag in the capital of the

00:15:09,990 --> 00:15:10,000
wife's silk flag in the capital of the
 

00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:12,470
wife's silk flag in the capital of the
transwell pretoria

00:15:12,470 --> 00:15:12,480
transwell pretoria
 

00:15:12,480 --> 00:15:14,310
transwell pretoria
president kruger fled to the neighboring

00:15:14,310 --> 00:15:14,320
president kruger fled to the neighboring
 

00:15:14,320 --> 00:15:16,790
president kruger fled to the neighboring
uh portuguese territory of mozambique

00:15:16,790 --> 00:15:16,800
uh portuguese territory of mozambique
 

00:15:16,800 --> 00:15:17,990
uh portuguese territory of mozambique
and then boarded a ship to the

00:15:17,990 --> 00:15:18,000
and then boarded a ship to the
 

00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:19,430
and then boarded a ship to the
netherlands

00:15:19,430 --> 00:15:19,440
netherlands
 

00:15:19,440 --> 00:15:21,990
netherlands
he was never to return to his homeland

00:15:21,990 --> 00:15:22,000
he was never to return to his homeland
 

00:15:22,000 --> 00:15:24,310
he was never to return to his homeland
with the war seemingly over roberts

00:15:24,310 --> 00:15:24,320
with the war seemingly over roberts
 

00:15:24,320 --> 00:15:27,990
with the war seemingly over roberts
returned to britain to a hero's welcome

00:15:27,990 --> 00:15:28,000
returned to britain to a hero's welcome
 

00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:30,150
returned to britain to a hero's welcome
on the back of this imperial victory the

00:15:30,150 --> 00:15:30,160
on the back of this imperial victory the
 

00:15:30,160 --> 00:15:31,749
on the back of this imperial victory the
conservative government under lord

00:15:31,749 --> 00:15:31,759
conservative government under lord
 

00:15:31,759 --> 00:15:34,550
conservative government under lord
salisbury called a general election

00:15:34,550 --> 00:15:34,560
salisbury called a general election
 

00:15:34,560 --> 00:15:36,870
salisbury called a general election
dubbed the kharki election

00:15:36,870 --> 00:15:36,880
dubbed the kharki election
 

00:15:36,880 --> 00:15:39,990
dubbed the kharki election
which they won with a large majority

00:15:39,990 --> 00:15:40,000
which they won with a large majority
 

00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:42,230
which they won with a large majority
back in south africa kitchener had been

00:15:42,230 --> 00:15:42,240
back in south africa kitchener had been
 

00:15:42,240 --> 00:15:43,910
back in south africa kitchener had been
left to mop up the remaining boar

00:15:43,910 --> 00:15:43,920
left to mop up the remaining boar
 

00:15:43,920 --> 00:15:47,030
left to mop up the remaining boar
commandos and sort out the peace

00:15:47,030 --> 00:15:47,040
commandos and sort out the peace
 

00:15:47,040 --> 00:15:48,629
commandos and sort out the peace
but there was to be

00:15:48,629 --> 00:15:48,639
but there was to be
 

00:15:48,639 --> 00:15:50,069
but there was to be
no peace

00:15:50,069 --> 00:15:50,079
no peace
 

00:15:50,079 --> 00:15:53,030
no peace
the boer army of over 25 000 was still

00:15:53,030 --> 00:15:53,040
the boer army of over 25 000 was still
 

00:15:53,040 --> 00:15:55,430
the boer army of over 25 000 was still
in the field and showed no signs of

00:15:55,430 --> 00:15:55,440
in the field and showed no signs of
 

00:15:55,440 --> 00:15:56,870
in the field and showed no signs of
giving up the fight

00:15:56,870 --> 00:15:56,880
giving up the fight
 

00:15:56,880 --> 00:15:59,350
giving up the fight
they simply adopted a new tactic

00:15:59,350 --> 00:15:59,360
they simply adopted a new tactic
 

00:15:59,360 --> 00:16:01,430
they simply adopted a new tactic
guerrilla warfare

00:16:01,430 --> 00:16:01,440
guerrilla warfare
 

00:16:01,440 --> 00:16:03,350
guerrilla warfare
the idea of guerrilla warfare was not

00:16:03,350 --> 00:16:03,360
the idea of guerrilla warfare was not
 

00:16:03,360 --> 00:16:05,189
the idea of guerrilla warfare was not
actually new the term itself had been

00:16:05,189 --> 00:16:05,199
actually new the term itself had been
 

00:16:05,199 --> 00:16:07,189
actually new the term itself had been
coined in spain during the napoleonic

00:16:07,189 --> 00:16:07,199
coined in spain during the napoleonic
 

00:16:07,199 --> 00:16:10,710
coined in spain during the napoleonic
wars but never before was it to be waged

00:16:10,710 --> 00:16:10,720
wars but never before was it to be waged
 

00:16:10,720 --> 00:16:13,430
wars but never before was it to be waged
on such a scale or with such ferocity

00:16:13,430 --> 00:16:13,440
on such a scale or with such ferocity
 

00:16:13,440 --> 00:16:14,949
on such a scale or with such ferocity
that the bulls unleashed against the

00:16:14,949 --> 00:16:14,959
that the bulls unleashed against the
 

00:16:14,959 --> 00:16:17,110
that the bulls unleashed against the
british in south africa before the year

00:16:17,110 --> 00:16:17,120
british in south africa before the year
 

00:16:17,120 --> 00:16:19,350
british in south africa before the year
was out the boers were confident and

00:16:19,350 --> 00:16:19,360
was out the boers were confident and
 

00:16:19,360 --> 00:16:20,949
was out the boers were confident and
organized enough to attack a british

00:16:20,949 --> 00:16:20,959
organized enough to attack a british
 

00:16:20,959 --> 00:16:22,389
organized enough to attack a british
force of 1200

00:16:22,389 --> 00:16:22,399
force of 1200
 

00:16:22,399 --> 00:16:24,069
force of 1200
under general clements and in the

00:16:24,069 --> 00:16:24,079
under general clements and in the
 

00:16:24,079 --> 00:16:25,829
under general clements and in the
shooting in the ensuing battle the

00:16:25,829 --> 00:16:25,839
shooting in the ensuing battle the
 

00:16:25,839 --> 00:16:27,829
shooting in the ensuing battle the
british came within a whisker of yet

00:16:27,829 --> 00:16:27,839
british came within a whisker of yet
 

00:16:27,839 --> 00:16:29,990
british came within a whisker of yet
another disaster

00:16:29,990 --> 00:16:30,000
another disaster
 

00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:31,829
another disaster
commandos under judge herzog and the

00:16:31,829 --> 00:16:31,839
commandos under judge herzog and the
 

00:16:31,839 --> 00:16:33,670
commandos under judge herzog and the
irrepressible christian devette had

00:16:33,670 --> 00:16:33,680
irrepressible christian devette had
 

00:16:33,680 --> 00:16:36,150
irrepressible christian devette had
passed the occupy bypass the occupying

00:16:36,150 --> 00:16:36,160
passed the occupy bypass the occupying
 

00:16:36,160 --> 00:16:38,389
passed the occupy bypass the occupying
british army crossed the orange river

00:16:38,389 --> 00:16:38,399
british army crossed the orange river
 

00:16:38,399 --> 00:16:40,949
british army crossed the orange river
into the cape colony hoping to ferment a

00:16:40,949 --> 00:16:40,959
into the cape colony hoping to ferment a
 

00:16:40,959 --> 00:16:42,150
into the cape colony hoping to ferment a
rebellion

00:16:42,150 --> 00:16:42,160
rebellion
 

00:16:42,160 --> 00:16:44,230
rebellion
if the british back in 1899 have been

00:16:44,230 --> 00:16:44,240
if the british back in 1899 have been
 

00:16:44,240 --> 00:16:46,310
if the british back in 1899 have been
unprepared to fight well at a well-armed

00:16:46,310 --> 00:16:46,320
unprepared to fight well at a well-armed
 

00:16:46,320 --> 00:16:48,790
unprepared to fight well at a well-armed
army they were now equally unprepared

00:16:48,790 --> 00:16:48,800
army they were now equally unprepared
 

00:16:48,800 --> 00:16:50,790
army they were now equally unprepared
for this mobile hit-and-run style of

00:16:50,790 --> 00:16:50,800
for this mobile hit-and-run style of
 

00:16:50,800 --> 00:16:52,790
for this mobile hit-and-run style of
warfare against an enemy who knew the

00:16:52,790 --> 00:16:52,800
warfare against an enemy who knew the
 

00:16:52,800 --> 00:16:54,949
warfare against an enemy who knew the
land better than they did both the

00:16:54,949 --> 00:16:54,959
land better than they did both the
 

00:16:54,959 --> 00:16:57,269
land better than they did both the
famously didn't bother using maps

00:16:57,269 --> 00:16:57,279
famously didn't bother using maps
 

00:16:57,279 --> 00:16:59,030
famously didn't bother using maps
and could gain supplies and intelligence

00:16:59,030 --> 00:16:59,040
and could gain supplies and intelligence
 

00:16:59,040 --> 00:17:01,030
and could gain supplies and intelligence
from their families and supporters not

00:17:01,030 --> 00:17:01,040
from their families and supporters not
 

00:17:01,040 --> 00:17:03,430
from their families and supporters not
just in the old republics but in the

00:17:03,430 --> 00:17:03,440
just in the old republics but in the
 

00:17:03,440 --> 00:17:05,510
just in the old republics but in the
cape too

00:17:05,510 --> 00:17:05,520
cape too
 

00:17:05,520 --> 00:17:08,069
cape too
kitchener decided to conduct a scorched

00:17:08,069 --> 00:17:08,079
kitchener decided to conduct a scorched
 

00:17:08,079 --> 00:17:10,549
kitchener decided to conduct a scorched
earth policy to defeat these determined

00:17:10,549 --> 00:17:10,559
earth policy to defeat these determined
 

00:17:10,559 --> 00:17:13,350
earth policy to defeat these determined
and unyielding buzz the areas of boar

00:17:13,350 --> 00:17:13,360
and unyielding buzz the areas of boar
 

00:17:13,360 --> 00:17:15,270
and unyielding buzz the areas of boar
activity were divided into massive

00:17:15,270 --> 00:17:15,280
activity were divided into massive
 

00:17:15,280 --> 00:17:17,590
activity were divided into massive
squares crisscrossed with barbed wire

00:17:17,590 --> 00:17:17,600
squares crisscrossed with barbed wire
 

00:17:17,600 --> 00:17:20,390
squares crisscrossed with barbed wire
and lined with 8 000 garrisoned block

00:17:20,390 --> 00:17:20,400
and lined with 8 000 garrisoned block
 

00:17:20,400 --> 00:17:22,870
and lined with 8 000 garrisoned block
houses mounted troops would then sweep a

00:17:22,870 --> 00:17:22,880
houses mounted troops would then sweep a
 

00:17:22,880 --> 00:17:25,110
houses mounted troops would then sweep a
square rather like a game hunt driving

00:17:25,110 --> 00:17:25,120
square rather like a game hunt driving
 

00:17:25,120 --> 00:17:26,710
square rather like a game hunt driving
the boers ahead of them either into the

00:17:26,710 --> 00:17:26,720
the boers ahead of them either into the
 

00:17:26,720 --> 00:17:28,950
the boers ahead of them either into the
barbed wire or into waiting british

00:17:28,950 --> 00:17:28,960
barbed wire or into waiting british
 

00:17:28,960 --> 00:17:30,230
barbed wire or into waiting british
troops

00:17:30,230 --> 00:17:30,240
troops
 

00:17:30,240 --> 00:17:32,310
troops
tactically the sweeps were a modest

00:17:32,310 --> 00:17:32,320
tactically the sweeps were a modest
 

00:17:32,320 --> 00:17:34,070
tactically the sweeps were a modest
success netting about a thousand boer

00:17:34,070 --> 00:17:34,080
success netting about a thousand boer
 

00:17:34,080 --> 00:17:37,029
success netting about a thousand boer
prisoners a month but with 25 000 boors

00:17:37,029 --> 00:17:37,039
prisoners a month but with 25 000 boors
 

00:17:37,039 --> 00:17:39,270
prisoners a month but with 25 000 boors
at large kitchener's policy could take

00:17:39,270 --> 00:17:39,280
at large kitchener's policy could take
 

00:17:39,280 --> 00:17:42,150
at large kitchener's policy could take
months if not years to succeed

00:17:42,150 --> 00:17:42,160
months if not years to succeed
 

00:17:42,160 --> 00:17:43,750
months if not years to succeed
and despite their general election

00:17:43,750 --> 00:17:43,760
and despite their general election
 

00:17:43,760 --> 00:17:46,070
and despite their general election
victory lord salisbury's government in

00:17:46,070 --> 00:17:46,080
victory lord salisbury's government in
 

00:17:46,080 --> 00:17:48,230
victory lord salisbury's government in
england did not have the luxury of that

00:17:48,230 --> 00:17:48,240
england did not have the luxury of that
 

00:17:48,240 --> 00:17:50,950
england did not have the luxury of that
time let alone the cost to fund a

00:17:50,950 --> 00:17:50,960
time let alone the cost to fund a
 

00:17:50,960 --> 00:17:53,510
time let alone the cost to fund a
never-ending guerrilla war income tax

00:17:53,510 --> 00:17:53,520
never-ending guerrilla war income tax
 

00:17:53,520 --> 00:17:55,750
never-ending guerrilla war income tax
had already had to be raised and the

00:17:55,750 --> 00:17:55,760
had already had to be raised and the
 

00:17:55,760 --> 00:17:57,750
had already had to be raised and the
jingoism of those crowds who had cheered

00:17:57,750 --> 00:17:57,760
jingoism of those crowds who had cheered
 

00:17:57,760 --> 00:17:59,510
jingoism of those crowds who had cheered
the relief of mafia king just a few

00:17:59,510 --> 00:17:59,520
the relief of mafia king just a few
 

00:17:59,520 --> 00:18:01,830
the relief of mafia king just a few
months before was already starting to

00:18:01,830 --> 00:18:01,840
months before was already starting to
 

00:18:01,840 --> 00:18:03,669
months before was already starting to
wear thin

00:18:03,669 --> 00:18:03,679
wear thin
 

00:18:03,679 --> 00:18:06,630
wear thin
kitchener decided to turn the screws

00:18:06,630 --> 00:18:06,640
kitchener decided to turn the screws
 

00:18:06,640 --> 00:18:08,789
kitchener decided to turn the screws
the boar commandos relied on

00:18:08,789 --> 00:18:08,799
the boar commandos relied on
 

00:18:08,799 --> 00:18:11,190
the boar commandos relied on
sympathizing farms for their supplies

00:18:11,190 --> 00:18:11,200
sympathizing farms for their supplies
 

00:18:11,200 --> 00:18:14,549
sympathizing farms for their supplies
the victor of omdaman decided to to deny

00:18:14,549 --> 00:18:14,559
the victor of omdaman decided to to deny
 

00:18:14,559 --> 00:18:17,110
the victor of omdaman decided to to deny
them those supplies the british

00:18:17,110 --> 00:18:17,120
them those supplies the british
 

00:18:17,120 --> 00:18:19,669
them those supplies the british
systematically destroyed boar farms

00:18:19,669 --> 00:18:19,679
systematically destroyed boar farms
 

00:18:19,679 --> 00:18:21,909
systematically destroyed boar farms
burning the houses burning the crops

00:18:21,909 --> 00:18:21,919
burning the houses burning the crops
 

00:18:21,919 --> 00:18:23,590
burning the houses burning the crops
killing the livestock leaving the

00:18:23,590 --> 00:18:23,600
killing the livestock leaving the
 

00:18:23,600 --> 00:18:25,909
killing the livestock leaving the
commandos families the elderly the women

00:18:25,909 --> 00:18:25,919
commandos families the elderly the women
 

00:18:25,919 --> 00:18:28,390
commandos families the elderly the women
the children homeless on the african

00:18:28,390 --> 00:18:28,400
the children homeless on the african
 

00:18:28,400 --> 00:18:30,070
the children homeless on the african
felt it was now that the most

00:18:30,070 --> 00:18:30,080
felt it was now that the most
 

00:18:30,080 --> 00:18:32,549
felt it was now that the most
controversial decision of all was taken

00:18:32,549 --> 00:18:32,559
controversial decision of all was taken
 

00:18:32,559 --> 00:18:34,150
controversial decision of all was taken
the homeless boys civilians were

00:18:34,150 --> 00:18:34,160
the homeless boys civilians were
 

00:18:34,160 --> 00:18:37,350
the homeless boys civilians were
interned in refugee [ __ ] prison camps

00:18:37,350 --> 00:18:37,360
interned in refugee [ __ ] prison camps
 

00:18:37,360 --> 00:18:39,669
interned in refugee [ __ ] prison camps
and that concentration of poor civilians

00:18:39,669 --> 00:18:39,679
and that concentration of poor civilians
 

00:18:39,679 --> 00:18:41,029
and that concentration of poor civilians
in those camps

00:18:41,029 --> 00:18:41,039
in those camps
 

00:18:41,039 --> 00:18:43,590
in those camps
gave them a sinister new name

00:18:43,590 --> 00:18:43,600
gave them a sinister new name
 

00:18:43,600 --> 00:18:46,150
gave them a sinister new name
concentration camps

00:18:46,150 --> 00:18:46,160
concentration camps
 

00:18:46,160 --> 00:18:47,830
concentration camps
russians were meager and medical

00:18:47,830 --> 00:18:47,840
russians were meager and medical
 

00:18:47,840 --> 00:18:50,310
russians were meager and medical
facilities sparse to say the least

00:18:50,310 --> 00:18:50,320
facilities sparse to say the least
 

00:18:50,320 --> 00:18:51,909
facilities sparse to say the least
the military administration of these

00:18:51,909 --> 00:18:51,919
the military administration of these
 

00:18:51,919 --> 00:18:54,470
the military administration of these
camps were indifferent to the plight of

00:18:54,470 --> 00:18:54,480
camps were indifferent to the plight of
 

00:18:54,480 --> 00:18:56,390
camps were indifferent to the plight of
the boer civilians

00:18:56,390 --> 00:18:56,400
the boer civilians
 

00:18:56,400 --> 00:18:59,029
the boer civilians
and as the numbers of internees swelled

00:18:59,029 --> 00:18:59,039
and as the numbers of internees swelled
 

00:18:59,039 --> 00:19:01,029
and as the numbers of internees swelled
the sanitary systems in those camps were

00:19:01,029 --> 00:19:01,039
the sanitary systems in those camps were
 

00:19:01,039 --> 00:19:02,630
the sanitary systems in those camps were
swiftly overwhelmed

00:19:02,630 --> 00:19:02,640
swiftly overwhelmed
 

00:19:02,640 --> 00:19:04,870
swiftly overwhelmed
typhoid dysentery and measles especially

00:19:04,870 --> 00:19:04,880
typhoid dysentery and measles especially
 

00:19:04,880 --> 00:19:06,950
typhoid dysentery and measles especially
amongst children broke out the

00:19:06,950 --> 00:19:06,960
amongst children broke out the
 

00:19:06,960 --> 00:19:08,950
amongst children broke out the
humanitarian disaster was brought to

00:19:08,950 --> 00:19:08,960
humanitarian disaster was brought to
 

00:19:08,960 --> 00:19:10,549
humanitarian disaster was brought to
international attention by british

00:19:10,549 --> 00:19:10,559
international attention by british
 

00:19:10,559 --> 00:19:13,110
international attention by british
quaker and anti-war protester emily

00:19:13,110 --> 00:19:13,120
quaker and anti-war protester emily
 

00:19:13,120 --> 00:19:15,190
quaker and anti-war protester emily
holphouse the rumors coming out of the

00:19:15,190 --> 00:19:15,200
holphouse the rumors coming out of the
 

00:19:15,200 --> 00:19:17,350
holphouse the rumors coming out of the
camps inspired her to travel to south

00:19:17,350 --> 00:19:17,360
camps inspired her to travel to south
 

00:19:17,360 --> 00:19:19,750
camps inspired her to travel to south
africa to see them firsthand and what

00:19:19,750 --> 00:19:19,760
africa to see them firsthand and what
 

00:19:19,760 --> 00:19:22,230
africa to see them firsthand and what
she witnessed was worse than anything

00:19:22,230 --> 00:19:22,240
she witnessed was worse than anything
 

00:19:22,240 --> 00:19:24,470
she witnessed was worse than anything
she could have prepared herself for by

00:19:24,470 --> 00:19:24,480
she could have prepared herself for by
 

00:19:24,480 --> 00:19:29,669
she could have prepared herself for by
october 1901 the camps housed 111 000

00:19:29,669 --> 00:19:29,679
october 1901 the camps housed 111 000
 

00:19:29,679 --> 00:19:31,190
october 1901 the camps housed 111 000
boer civilians

00:19:31,190 --> 00:19:31,200
boer civilians
 

00:19:31,200 --> 00:19:33,029
boer civilians
and that month alone

00:19:33,029 --> 00:19:33,039
and that month alone
 

00:19:33,039 --> 00:19:33,909
and that month alone
3

00:19:33,909 --> 00:19:33,919
3
 

00:19:33,919 --> 00:19:36,549
3
100 of them died which was an annualized

00:19:36,549 --> 00:19:36,559
100 of them died which was an annualized
 

00:19:36,559 --> 00:19:39,510
100 of them died which was an annualized
death rate of 34

00:19:39,510 --> 00:19:39,520
death rate of 34
 

00:19:39,520 --> 00:19:41,190
death rate of 34
for the record actually there were also

00:19:41,190 --> 00:19:41,200
for the record actually there were also
 

00:19:41,200 --> 00:19:43,510
for the record actually there were also
a reported 44 000 blacks in the

00:19:43,510 --> 00:19:43,520
a reported 44 000 blacks in the
 

00:19:43,520 --> 00:19:45,350
a reported 44 000 blacks in the
concentration camps and their death

00:19:45,350 --> 00:19:45,360
concentration camps and their death
 

00:19:45,360 --> 00:19:48,950
concentration camps and their death
rates that october were about 700.

00:19:48,950 --> 00:19:48,960
rates that october were about 700.
 

00:19:48,960 --> 00:19:51,190
rates that october were about 700.
the british parliament was scandalized

00:19:51,190 --> 00:19:51,200
the british parliament was scandalized
 

00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:53,029
the british parliament was scandalized
and the government embarrassed on the

00:19:53,029 --> 00:19:53,039
and the government embarrassed on the
 

00:19:53,039 --> 00:19:54,870
and the government embarrassed on the
international stage

00:19:54,870 --> 00:19:54,880
international stage
 

00:19:54,880 --> 00:19:56,549
international stage
running of the camps was removed from

00:19:56,549 --> 00:19:56,559
running of the camps was removed from
 

00:19:56,559 --> 00:19:58,549
running of the camps was removed from
kitchener and handed over to civil

00:19:58,549 --> 00:19:58,559
kitchener and handed over to civil
 

00:19:58,559 --> 00:20:00,870
kitchener and handed over to civil
servants reporting into lord milner in

00:20:00,870 --> 00:20:00,880
servants reporting into lord milner in
 

00:20:00,880 --> 00:20:01,990
servants reporting into lord milner in
cape town

00:20:01,990 --> 00:20:02,000
cape town
 

00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:03,830
cape town
by the end of the war milner had reduced

00:20:03,830 --> 00:20:03,840
by the end of the war milner had reduced
 

00:20:03,840 --> 00:20:06,630
by the end of the war milner had reduced
the annualized death rate from 34

00:20:06,630 --> 00:20:06,640
the annualized death rate from 34
 

00:20:06,640 --> 00:20:07,990
the annualized death rate from 34
to 2

00:20:07,990 --> 00:20:08,000
to 2
 

00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:09,990
to 2
which was actually less than the death

00:20:09,990 --> 00:20:10,000
which was actually less than the death
 

00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:11,830
which was actually less than the death
rate that was prevailing in glasgow at

00:20:11,830 --> 00:20:11,840
rate that was prevailing in glasgow at
 

00:20:11,840 --> 00:20:13,510
rate that was prevailing in glasgow at
that time

00:20:13,510 --> 00:20:13,520
that time
 

00:20:13,520 --> 00:20:16,630
that time
but the damage had been done

00:20:16,630 --> 00:20:16,640
but the damage had been done
 

00:20:16,640 --> 00:20:19,029
but the damage had been done
what moral authority britain had in this

00:20:19,029 --> 00:20:19,039
what moral authority britain had in this
 

00:20:19,039 --> 00:20:20,390
what moral authority britain had in this
war and in the eyes of certainly the

00:20:20,390 --> 00:20:20,400
war and in the eyes of certainly the
 

00:20:20,400 --> 00:20:22,310
war and in the eyes of certainly the
french and german press there never was

00:20:22,310 --> 00:20:22,320
french and german press there never was
 

00:20:22,320 --> 00:20:24,870
french and german press there never was
very much was lost

00:20:24,870 --> 00:20:24,880
very much was lost
 

00:20:24,880 --> 00:20:26,870
very much was lost
public support in britain and elsewhere

00:20:26,870 --> 00:20:26,880
public support in britain and elsewhere
 

00:20:26,880 --> 00:20:29,190
public support in britain and elsewhere
in the empire started to ebb away

00:20:29,190 --> 00:20:29,200
in the empire started to ebb away
 

00:20:29,200 --> 00:20:30,950
in the empire started to ebb away
particularly in australia

00:20:30,950 --> 00:20:30,960
particularly in australia
 

00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:32,710
particularly in australia
where this callous treatment of

00:20:32,710 --> 00:20:32,720
where this callous treatment of
 

00:20:32,720 --> 00:20:34,950
where this callous treatment of
civilians was compounded by the

00:20:34,950 --> 00:20:34,960
civilians was compounded by the
 

00:20:34,960 --> 00:20:37,909
civilians was compounded by the
execution of two officers peter hancock

00:20:37,909 --> 00:20:37,919
execution of two officers peter hancock
 

00:20:37,919 --> 00:20:39,830
execution of two officers peter hancock
and harry breaker morant for killing

00:20:39,830 --> 00:20:39,840
and harry breaker morant for killing
 

00:20:39,840 --> 00:20:42,390
and harry breaker morant for killing
boar prisoners in cold blood but without

00:20:42,390 --> 00:20:42,400
boar prisoners in cold blood but without
 

00:20:42,400 --> 00:20:44,070
boar prisoners in cold blood but without
any reference to the australian

00:20:44,070 --> 00:20:44,080
any reference to the australian
 

00:20:44,080 --> 00:20:45,590
any reference to the australian
government

00:20:45,590 --> 00:20:45,600
government
 

00:20:45,600 --> 00:20:47,590
government
the government's now ordered kitchener

00:20:47,590 --> 00:20:47,600
the government's now ordered kitchener
 

00:20:47,600 --> 00:20:50,149
the government's now ordered kitchener
to stop sending families to the camps

00:20:50,149 --> 00:20:50,159
to stop sending families to the camps
 

00:20:50,159 --> 00:20:52,789
to stop sending families to the camps
although not to desist in the scorched

00:20:52,789 --> 00:20:52,799
although not to desist in the scorched
 

00:20:52,799 --> 00:20:54,149
although not to desist in the scorched
earth policy

00:20:54,149 --> 00:20:54,159
earth policy
 

00:20:54,159 --> 00:20:56,549
earth policy
so somewhat bizarrely the decision not

00:20:56,549 --> 00:20:56,559
so somewhat bizarrely the decision not
 

00:20:56,559 --> 00:20:59,029
so somewhat bizarrely the decision not
to in turn bore civilians anymore

00:20:59,029 --> 00:20:59,039
to in turn bore civilians anymore
 

00:20:59,039 --> 00:21:00,950
to in turn bore civilians anymore
probably had a greater effect on

00:21:00,950 --> 00:21:00,960
probably had a greater effect on
 

00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:02,630
probably had a greater effect on
bringing the buzz to the negotiating

00:21:02,630 --> 00:21:02,640
bringing the buzz to the negotiating
 

00:21:02,640 --> 00:21:03,510
bringing the buzz to the negotiating
table

00:21:03,510 --> 00:21:03,520
table
 

00:21:03,520 --> 00:21:06,230
table
than the anger at seeing their families

00:21:06,230 --> 00:21:06,240
than the anger at seeing their families
 

00:21:06,240 --> 00:21:08,230
than the anger at seeing their families
dying in such huge numbers in the

00:21:08,230 --> 00:21:08,240
dying in such huge numbers in the
 

00:21:08,240 --> 00:21:09,990
dying in such huge numbers in the
concentration camp

00:21:09,990 --> 00:21:10,000
concentration camp
 

00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:11,830
concentration camp
the result of this new supposedly

00:21:11,830 --> 00:21:11,840
the result of this new supposedly
 

00:21:11,840 --> 00:21:14,310
the result of this new supposedly
humanitarian policy was that once the

00:21:14,310 --> 00:21:14,320
humanitarian policy was that once the
 

00:21:14,320 --> 00:21:16,710
humanitarian policy was that once the
homes have been destroyed kitchener left

00:21:16,710 --> 00:21:16,720
homes have been destroyed kitchener left
 

00:21:16,720 --> 00:21:19,350
homes have been destroyed kitchener left
the civilians in the african bush to

00:21:19,350 --> 00:21:19,360
the civilians in the african bush to
 

00:21:19,360 --> 00:21:21,750
the civilians in the african bush to
fend for themselves

00:21:21,750 --> 00:21:21,760
fend for themselves
 

00:21:21,760 --> 00:21:23,510
fend for themselves
many found sanctuary with the boer

00:21:23,510 --> 00:21:23,520
many found sanctuary with the boer
 

00:21:23,520 --> 00:21:25,909
many found sanctuary with the boer
commandos but militarily this actually

00:21:25,909 --> 00:21:25,919
commandos but militarily this actually
 

00:21:25,919 --> 00:21:27,430
commandos but militarily this actually
hampered the commandos speed and

00:21:27,430 --> 00:21:27,440
hampered the commandos speed and
 

00:21:27,440 --> 00:21:29,190
hampered the commandos speed and
flexibility and indeed brought their

00:21:29,190 --> 00:21:29,200
flexibility and indeed brought their
 

00:21:29,200 --> 00:21:30,870
flexibility and indeed brought their
families into the danger of being killed

00:21:30,870 --> 00:21:30,880
families into the danger of being killed
 

00:21:30,880 --> 00:21:33,270
families into the danger of being killed
in skirmishes with the british

00:21:33,270 --> 00:21:33,280
in skirmishes with the british
 

00:21:33,280 --> 00:21:35,669
in skirmishes with the british
furthermore many of those hardened boar

00:21:35,669 --> 00:21:35,679
furthermore many of those hardened boar
 

00:21:35,679 --> 00:21:37,669
furthermore many of those hardened boar
commandos were appalled that their

00:21:37,669 --> 00:21:37,679
commandos were appalled that their
 

00:21:37,679 --> 00:21:40,310
commandos were appalled that their
undefended families could be exposed to

00:21:40,310 --> 00:21:40,320
undefended families could be exposed to
 

00:21:40,320 --> 00:21:43,190
undefended families could be exposed to
attack by local african tribes

00:21:43,190 --> 00:21:43,200
attack by local african tribes
 

00:21:43,200 --> 00:21:44,789
attack by local african tribes
and this fear actually became real when

00:21:44,789 --> 00:21:44,799
and this fear actually became real when
 

00:21:44,799 --> 00:21:48,149
and this fear actually became real when
in april april 1902 a zulu imp army had

00:21:48,149 --> 00:21:48,159
in april april 1902 a zulu imp army had
 

00:21:48,159 --> 00:21:50,230
in april april 1902 a zulu imp army had
wiped out a burkamando near the border

00:21:50,230 --> 00:21:50,240
wiped out a burkamando near the border
 

00:21:50,240 --> 00:21:51,590
wiped out a burkamando near the border
between the transvaal and british

00:21:51,590 --> 00:21:51,600
between the transvaal and british
 

00:21:51,600 --> 00:21:54,470
between the transvaal and british
controlled zulu land the boers still

00:21:54,470 --> 00:21:54,480
controlled zulu land the boers still
 

00:21:54,480 --> 00:21:55,669
controlled zulu land the boers still
defiant

00:21:55,669 --> 00:21:55,679
defiant
 

00:21:55,679 --> 00:21:58,470
defiant
was starting to run out of options

00:21:58,470 --> 00:21:58,480
was starting to run out of options
 

00:21:58,480 --> 00:22:00,149
was starting to run out of options
the arsenal of modern weapons and

00:22:00,149 --> 00:22:00,159
the arsenal of modern weapons and
 

00:22:00,159 --> 00:22:01,990
the arsenal of modern weapons and
ammunition that had that they started

00:22:01,990 --> 00:22:02,000
ammunition that had that they started
 

00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:03,430
ammunition that had that they started
the war with have been used up and they

00:22:03,430 --> 00:22:03,440
the war with have been used up and they
 

00:22:03,440 --> 00:22:06,470
the war with have been used up and they
now relied on captured british arms

00:22:06,470 --> 00:22:06,480
now relied on captured british arms
 

00:22:06,480 --> 00:22:08,470
now relied on captured british arms
slowly that scorched earth policy of

00:22:08,470 --> 00:22:08,480
slowly that scorched earth policy of
 

00:22:08,480 --> 00:22:10,950
slowly that scorched earth policy of
kitchener was depriving them of food

00:22:10,950 --> 00:22:10,960
kitchener was depriving them of food
 

00:22:10,960 --> 00:22:13,750
kitchener was depriving them of food
intelligence and safe havens

00:22:13,750 --> 00:22:13,760
intelligence and safe havens
 

00:22:13,760 --> 00:22:15,430
intelligence and safe havens
many fighters were actually having to

00:22:15,430 --> 00:22:15,440
many fighters were actually having to
 

00:22:15,440 --> 00:22:18,230
many fighters were actually having to
use sacking from bags to dress in

00:22:18,230 --> 00:22:18,240
use sacking from bags to dress in
 

00:22:18,240 --> 00:22:19,909
use sacking from bags to dress in
kitchener sweeps were still netting

00:22:19,909 --> 00:22:19,919
kitchener sweeps were still netting
 

00:22:19,919 --> 00:22:21,590
kitchener sweeps were still netting
prisoners not a lot but it was having a

00:22:21,590 --> 00:22:21,600
prisoners not a lot but it was having a
 

00:22:21,600 --> 00:22:23,510
prisoners not a lot but it was having a
drip drip effect

00:22:23,510 --> 00:22:23,520
drip drip effect
 

00:22:23,520 --> 00:22:25,669
drip drip effect
however if the british and their

00:22:25,669 --> 00:22:25,679
however if the british and their
 

00:22:25,679 --> 00:22:27,510
however if the british and their
politicians were divided on continuing

00:22:27,510 --> 00:22:27,520
politicians were divided on continuing
 

00:22:27,520 --> 00:22:28,870
politicians were divided on continuing
the war

00:22:28,870 --> 00:22:28,880
the war
 

00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:30,870
the war
so were the burs

00:22:30,870 --> 00:22:30,880
so were the burs
 

00:22:30,880 --> 00:22:33,029
so were the burs
the boer community itself now started to

00:22:33,029 --> 00:22:33,039
the boer community itself now started to
 

00:22:33,039 --> 00:22:35,430
the boer community itself now started to
divide between those who wanted to keep

00:22:35,430 --> 00:22:35,440
divide between those who wanted to keep
 

00:22:35,440 --> 00:22:37,830
divide between those who wanted to keep
fighting called bitter enders

00:22:37,830 --> 00:22:37,840
fighting called bitter enders
 

00:22:37,840 --> 00:22:39,750
fighting called bitter enders
and those willing to accept some sort of

00:22:39,750 --> 00:22:39,760
and those willing to accept some sort of
 

00:22:39,760 --> 00:22:41,029
and those willing to accept some sort of
compromise

00:22:41,029 --> 00:22:41,039
compromise
 

00:22:41,039 --> 00:22:42,950
compromise
hands uppers

00:22:42,950 --> 00:22:42,960
hands uppers
 

00:22:42,960 --> 00:22:46,310
hands uppers
by 1902 kitchener had recruited 5 000 of

00:22:46,310 --> 00:22:46,320
by 1902 kitchener had recruited 5 000 of
 

00:22:46,320 --> 00:22:48,630
by 1902 kitchener had recruited 5 000 of
those hands uppers into his army

00:22:48,630 --> 00:22:48,640
those hands uppers into his army
 

00:22:48,640 --> 00:22:52,470
those hands uppers into his army
boys who knew how the buzz fought

00:22:52,470 --> 00:22:52,480
boys who knew how the buzz fought
 

00:22:52,480 --> 00:22:54,950
boys who knew how the buzz fought
kitchener invited the boar leaders to

00:22:54,950 --> 00:22:54,960
kitchener invited the boar leaders to
 

00:22:54,960 --> 00:22:57,510
kitchener invited the boar leaders to
meet him to discuss peace terms

00:22:57,510 --> 00:22:57,520
meet him to discuss peace terms
 

00:22:57,520 --> 00:23:00,390
meet him to discuss peace terms
on the 31st of may 1902 the treaty of

00:23:00,390 --> 00:23:00,400
on the 31st of may 1902 the treaty of
 

00:23:00,400 --> 00:23:04,070
on the 31st of may 1902 the treaty of
renegade brought the conflict to a close

00:23:04,070 --> 00:23:04,080
renegade brought the conflict to a close
 

00:23:04,080 --> 00:23:06,470
renegade brought the conflict to a close
christian devette was in tears as he

00:23:06,470 --> 00:23:06,480
christian devette was in tears as he
 

00:23:06,480 --> 00:23:09,430
christian devette was in tears as he
advised his men to surrender

00:23:09,430 --> 00:23:09,440
advised his men to surrender
 

00:23:09,440 --> 00:23:11,350
advised his men to surrender
unlike the relief of mafiking just two

00:23:11,350 --> 00:23:11,360
unlike the relief of mafiking just two
 

00:23:11,360 --> 00:23:14,310
unlike the relief of mafiking just two
years before the celebrations in britain

00:23:14,310 --> 00:23:14,320
years before the celebrations in britain
 

00:23:14,320 --> 00:23:15,669
years before the celebrations in britain
were muted

00:23:15,669 --> 00:23:15,679
were muted
 

00:23:15,679 --> 00:23:18,310
were muted
at the outset of this war paul kruger

00:23:18,310 --> 00:23:18,320
at the outset of this war paul kruger
 

00:23:18,320 --> 00:23:19,909
at the outset of this war paul kruger
had promised that if the british wanted

00:23:19,909 --> 00:23:19,919
had promised that if the british wanted
 

00:23:19,919 --> 00:23:22,630
had promised that if the british wanted
his country the price they would pay

00:23:22,630 --> 00:23:22,640
his country the price they would pay
 

00:23:22,640 --> 00:23:25,350
his country the price they would pay
would stagger humanity

00:23:25,350 --> 00:23:25,360
would stagger humanity
 

00:23:25,360 --> 00:23:27,830
would stagger humanity
and so it proved the british had lost

00:23:27,830 --> 00:23:27,840
and so it proved the british had lost
 

00:23:27,840 --> 00:23:30,390
and so it proved the british had lost
just under 8 000 men killed in action

00:23:30,390 --> 00:23:30,400
just under 8 000 men killed in action
 

00:23:30,400 --> 00:23:32,070
just under 8 000 men killed in action
nearly three times as many as were

00:23:32,070 --> 00:23:32,080
nearly three times as many as were
 

00:23:32,080 --> 00:23:34,630
nearly three times as many as were
killed in action in the crimean war

00:23:34,630 --> 00:23:34,640
killed in action in the crimean war
 

00:23:34,640 --> 00:23:37,110
killed in action in the crimean war
and a further 14 000

00:23:37,110 --> 00:23:37,120
and a further 14 000
 

00:23:37,120 --> 00:23:39,190
and a further 14 000
dead from disease

00:23:39,190 --> 00:23:39,200
dead from disease
 

00:23:39,200 --> 00:23:41,630
dead from disease
the war had cost the british taxpayer

00:23:41,630 --> 00:23:41,640
the war had cost the british taxpayer
 

00:23:41,640 --> 00:23:44,789
the war had cost the british taxpayer
222 million pounds in those days money

00:23:44,789 --> 00:23:44,799
222 million pounds in those days money
 

00:23:44,799 --> 00:23:47,430
222 million pounds in those days money
which included the loss of 350 000

00:23:47,430 --> 00:23:47,440
which included the loss of 350 000
 

00:23:47,440 --> 00:23:50,070
which included the loss of 350 000
horses and 50 000 mules that have

00:23:50,070 --> 00:23:50,080
horses and 50 000 mules that have
 

00:23:50,080 --> 00:23:52,230
horses and 50 000 mules that have
perished in the conflict

00:23:52,230 --> 00:23:52,240
perished in the conflict
 

00:23:52,240 --> 00:23:56,149
perished in the conflict
it had taken an army of 450 000 four

00:23:56,149 --> 00:23:56,159
it had taken an army of 450 000 four
 

00:23:56,159 --> 00:23:57,909
it had taken an army of 450 000 four
times the size of the british army sent

00:23:57,909 --> 00:23:57,919
times the size of the british army sent
 

00:23:57,919 --> 00:24:01,350
times the size of the british army sent
to the crimea to suppress a boer army of

00:24:01,350 --> 00:24:01,360
to the crimea to suppress a boer army of
 

00:24:01,360 --> 00:24:03,350
to the crimea to suppress a boer army of
about 50 000 men

00:24:03,350 --> 00:24:03,360
about 50 000 men
 

00:24:03,360 --> 00:24:05,590
about 50 000 men
the boers themselves had lost 6 000 of

00:24:05,590 --> 00:24:05,600
the boers themselves had lost 6 000 of
 

00:24:05,600 --> 00:24:07,909
the boers themselves had lost 6 000 of
their number killed in action but it was

00:24:07,909 --> 00:24:07,919
their number killed in action but it was
 

00:24:07,919 --> 00:24:09,909
their number killed in action but it was
the human cost of those concentration

00:24:09,909 --> 00:24:09,919
the human cost of those concentration
 

00:24:09,919 --> 00:24:12,470
the human cost of those concentration
camps that they would remember

00:24:12,470 --> 00:24:12,480
camps that they would remember
 

00:24:12,480 --> 00:24:15,590
camps that they would remember
26 000 of their women and children

00:24:15,590 --> 00:24:15,600
26 000 of their women and children
 

00:24:15,600 --> 00:24:16,470
26 000 of their women and children
died

00:24:16,470 --> 00:24:16,480
died
 

00:24:16,480 --> 00:24:18,390
died
and whilst this was seen by both sides

00:24:18,390 --> 00:24:18,400
and whilst this was seen by both sides
 

00:24:18,400 --> 00:24:20,070
and whilst this was seen by both sides
as a white man's war

00:24:20,070 --> 00:24:20,080
as a white man's war
 

00:24:20,080 --> 00:24:22,310
as a white man's war
the black african population had been

00:24:22,310 --> 00:24:22,320
the black african population had been
 

00:24:22,320 --> 00:24:25,269
the black african population had been
caught up in it too over 20 000 died in

00:24:25,269 --> 00:24:25,279
caught up in it too over 20 000 died in
 

00:24:25,279 --> 00:24:27,590
caught up in it too over 20 000 died in
concentration camps alone

00:24:27,590 --> 00:24:27,600
concentration camps alone
 

00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:29,350
concentration camps alone
the british terms at the peace treaty

00:24:29,350 --> 00:24:29,360
the british terms at the peace treaty
 

00:24:29,360 --> 00:24:32,070
the british terms at the peace treaty
were generous unlike the defeated french

00:24:32,070 --> 00:24:32,080
were generous unlike the defeated french
 

00:24:32,080 --> 00:24:34,070
were generous unlike the defeated french
following the franco-prussian war

00:24:34,070 --> 00:24:34,080
following the franco-prussian war
 

00:24:34,080 --> 00:24:36,470
following the franco-prussian war
and the germans after world war one the

00:24:36,470 --> 00:24:36,480
and the germans after world war one the
 

00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:38,390
and the germans after world war one the
boers were not forced to pay any form of

00:24:38,390 --> 00:24:38,400
boers were not forced to pay any form of
 

00:24:38,400 --> 00:24:39,830
boers were not forced to pay any form of
reparations

00:24:39,830 --> 00:24:39,840
reparations
 

00:24:39,840 --> 00:24:42,070
reparations
actually they were given compensation by

00:24:42,070 --> 00:24:42,080
actually they were given compensation by
 

00:24:42,080 --> 00:24:43,990
actually they were given compensation by
the british government to rebuild their

00:24:43,990 --> 00:24:44,000
the british government to rebuild their
 

00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:44,950
the british government to rebuild their
farms

00:24:44,950 --> 00:24:44,960
farms
 

00:24:44,960 --> 00:24:47,190
farms
they're also allowed to retain dutch in

00:24:47,190 --> 00:24:47,200
they're also allowed to retain dutch in
 

00:24:47,200 --> 00:24:48,470
they're also allowed to retain dutch in
their schools

00:24:48,470 --> 00:24:48,480
their schools
 

00:24:48,480 --> 00:24:50,789
their schools
and they were promised self-government

00:24:50,789 --> 00:24:50,799
and they were promised self-government
 

00:24:50,799 --> 00:24:53,110
and they were promised self-government
and crucially the british agreed that

00:24:53,110 --> 00:24:53,120
and crucially the british agreed that
 

00:24:53,120 --> 00:24:55,590
and crucially the british agreed that
the black population would not receive

00:24:55,590 --> 00:24:55,600
the black population would not receive
 

00:24:55,600 --> 00:24:57,350
the black population would not receive
the franchise in the trans-wild and

00:24:57,350 --> 00:24:57,360
the franchise in the trans-wild and
 

00:24:57,360 --> 00:25:00,630
the franchise in the trans-wild and
orange-free state until after the buurs

00:25:00,630 --> 00:25:00,640
orange-free state until after the buurs
 

00:25:00,640 --> 00:25:02,789
orange-free state until after the buurs
had received their self-government

00:25:02,789 --> 00:25:02,799
had received their self-government
 

00:25:02,799 --> 00:25:04,470
had received their self-government
in other words it would be down to the

00:25:04,470 --> 00:25:04,480
in other words it would be down to the
 

00:25:04,480 --> 00:25:06,870
in other words it would be down to the
boers to decide when the blacks received

00:25:06,870 --> 00:25:06,880
boers to decide when the blacks received
 

00:25:06,880 --> 00:25:08,310
boers to decide when the blacks received
a franchise

00:25:08,310 --> 00:25:08,320
a franchise
 

00:25:08,320 --> 00:25:10,630
a franchise
which meant never

00:25:10,630 --> 00:25:10,640
which meant never
 

00:25:10,640 --> 00:25:12,470
which meant never
within five years both former boer

00:25:12,470 --> 00:25:12,480
within five years both former boer
 

00:25:12,480 --> 00:25:14,710
within five years both former boer
republics had achieved self-government

00:25:14,710 --> 00:25:14,720
republics had achieved self-government
 

00:25:14,720 --> 00:25:17,350
republics had achieved self-government
and in 1910 they joined the cape and

00:25:17,350 --> 00:25:17,360
and in 1910 they joined the cape and
 

00:25:17,360 --> 00:25:20,310
and in 1910 they joined the cape and
natal colonies to form the dominion of

00:25:20,310 --> 00:25:20,320
natal colonies to form the dominion of
 

00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:22,070
natal colonies to form the dominion of
south africa

00:25:22,070 --> 00:25:22,080
south africa
 

00:25:22,080 --> 00:25:23,510
south africa
the first prime minister of this new

00:25:23,510 --> 00:25:23,520
the first prime minister of this new
 

00:25:23,520 --> 00:25:26,149
the first prime minister of this new
country was the former board general

00:25:26,149 --> 00:25:26,159
country was the former board general
 

00:25:26,159 --> 00:25:27,510
country was the former board general
louis botha

00:25:27,510 --> 00:25:27,520
louis botha
 

00:25:27,520 --> 00:25:30,070
louis botha
and he was succeeded by another former

00:25:30,070 --> 00:25:30,080
and he was succeeded by another former
 

00:25:30,080 --> 00:25:31,590
and he was succeeded by another former
commando leader

00:25:31,590 --> 00:25:31,600
commando leader
 

00:25:31,600 --> 00:25:33,430
commando leader
jan smutz

00:25:33,430 --> 00:25:33,440
jan smutz
 

00:25:33,440 --> 00:25:35,590
jan smutz
the boers would never forget the

00:25:35,590 --> 00:25:35,600
the boers would never forget the
 

00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:37,669
the boers would never forget the
concentration camps and what happened to

00:25:37,669 --> 00:25:37,679
concentration camps and what happened to
 

00:25:37,679 --> 00:25:40,310
concentration camps and what happened to
their families as david lloyd george had

00:25:40,310 --> 00:25:40,320
their families as david lloyd george had
 

00:25:40,320 --> 00:25:42,070
their families as david lloyd george had
rightly declared in the british house of

00:25:42,070 --> 00:25:42,080
rightly declared in the british house of
 

00:25:42,080 --> 00:25:43,110
rightly declared in the british house of
commons

00:25:43,110 --> 00:25:43,120
commons
 

00:25:43,120 --> 00:25:45,750
commons
a barrier of dead children's bodies will

00:25:45,750 --> 00:25:45,760
a barrier of dead children's bodies will
 

00:25:45,760 --> 00:25:48,149
a barrier of dead children's bodies will
rise up between the british and boer

00:25:48,149 --> 00:25:48,159
rise up between the british and boer
 

00:25:48,159 --> 00:25:50,710
rise up between the british and boer
races in south africa

00:25:50,710 --> 00:25:50,720
races in south africa
 

00:25:50,720 --> 00:25:53,110
races in south africa
that resentment would foster the rise of

00:25:53,110 --> 00:25:53,120
that resentment would foster the rise of
 

00:25:53,120 --> 00:25:55,430
that resentment would foster the rise of
the national party and when they came to

00:25:55,430 --> 00:25:55,440
the national party and when they came to
 

00:25:55,440 --> 00:25:58,230
the national party and when they came to
power in 1948 leaving the british

00:25:58,230 --> 00:25:58,240
power in 1948 leaving the british
 

00:25:58,240 --> 00:26:00,870
power in 1948 leaving the british
commonwealth and the establishment of

00:26:00,870 --> 00:26:00,880
commonwealth and the establishment of
 

00:26:00,880 --> 00:26:02,149
commonwealth and the establishment of
apartheid

00:26:02,149 --> 00:26:02,159
apartheid
 

00:26:02,159 --> 00:26:04,630
apartheid
britain had won the war war but

00:26:04,630 --> 00:26:04,640
britain had won the war war but
 

00:26:04,640 --> 00:26:07,590
britain had won the war war but
ultimately they lost the peace

00:26:07,590 --> 00:26:07,600
ultimately they lost the peace
 

00:26:07,600 --> 00:26:09,430
ultimately they lost the peace
and the events of the past

00:26:09,430 --> 00:26:09,440
and the events of the past
 

00:26:09,440 --> 00:26:11,669
and the events of the past
continue to influence the world we live

00:26:11,669 --> 00:26:11,679
continue to influence the world we live
 

00:26:11,679 --> 00:26:13,510
continue to influence the world we live
in today

00:26:13,510 --> 00:26:13,520
in today
 

00:26:13,520 --> 00:26:15,110
in today
thanks for watching i hope you enjoyed

00:26:15,110 --> 00:26:15,120
thanks for watching i hope you enjoyed
 

00:26:15,120 --> 00:26:17,350
thanks for watching i hope you enjoyed
this story and i hope to see you very

00:26:17,350 --> 00:26:17,360
this story and i hope to see you very
 

00:26:17,360 --> 00:26:28,789
this story and i hope to see you very
soon

00:26:28,789 --> 00:26:28,799
 
 

00:26:28,799 --> 00:26:33,920
 
so

00:26:33,920 --> 00:26:33,930
 
 

00:26:33,930 --> 00:26:39,909
 
[Music]

00:26:39,909 --> 00:26:39,919
 
 

00:26:39,919 --> 00:26:42,000
 
you