00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:05,150 no Nation no Army is entitled to Target 00:00:05,150 --> 00:00:05,160 no Nation no Army is entitled to Target 00:00:05,160 --> 00:00:08,910 no Nation no Army is entitled to Target women and children and for that we 00:00:08,910 --> 00:00:08,920 women and children and for that we 00:00:08,920 --> 00:00:12,070 women and children and for that we strongly condemned the action of the 00:00:12,070 --> 00:00:12,080 strongly condemned the action of the 00:00:12,080 --> 00:00:21,310 strongly condemned the action of the British government and the British army 00:00:21,310 --> 00:00:21,320 00:00:21,320 --> 00:00:24,910 here was done in the Anglo War by the by 00:00:24,910 --> 00:00:24,920 here was done in the Anglo War by the by 00:00:24,920 --> 00:00:27,390 here was done in the Anglo War by the by the Brits it was done again by the 00:00:27,390 --> 00:00:27,400 the Brits it was done again by the 00:00:27,400 --> 00:00:30,790 the Brits it was done again by the British in Malaysia called different 00:00:30,790 --> 00:00:30,800 British in Malaysia called different 00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:33,389 British in Malaysia called different names of course in each instance I had 00:00:33,389 --> 00:00:33,399 names of course in each instance I had 00:00:33,399 --> 00:00:35,510 names of course in each instance I had reserves in one instance strategic 00:00:35,510 --> 00:00:35,520 reserves in one instance strategic 00:00:35,520 --> 00:00:38,790 reserves in one instance strategic hamlets in the case of the Vietnam War 00:00:38,790 --> 00:00:38,800 hamlets in the case of the Vietnam War 00:00:38,800 --> 00:00:41,270 hamlets in the case of the Vietnam War outride concentration camps in the case 00:00:41,270 --> 00:00:41,280 outride concentration camps in the case 00:00:41,280 --> 00:00:44,310 outride concentration camps in the case of the angop world war the term 00:00:44,310 --> 00:00:44,320 of the angop world war the term 00:00:44,320 --> 00:00:47,110 of the angop world war the term concentration camp was first given 00:00:47,110 --> 00:00:47,120 concentration camp was first given 00:00:47,120 --> 00:00:49,950 concentration camp was first given notoriety in the English language uh 00:00:49,950 --> 00:00:49,960 notoriety in the English language uh 00:00:49,960 --> 00:00:52,830 notoriety in the English language uh during this war the term comes from the 00:00:52,830 --> 00:00:52,840 during this war the term comes from the 00:00:52,840 --> 00:00:55,069 during this war the term comes from the Spanish uh 00:00:55,069 --> 00:00:55,079 Spanish uh 00:00:55,079 --> 00:00:59,389 Spanish uh concentr and the actual process had been 00:00:59,389 --> 00:00:59,399 concentr and the actual process had been 00:00:59,399 --> 00:01:04,310 concentr and the actual process had been used by General butcher wher in Cuba in 00:01:04,310 --> 00:01:04,320 used by General butcher wher in Cuba in 00:01:04,320 --> 00:01:07,630 used by General butcher wher in Cuba in 1896 when something like half a million 00:01:07,630 --> 00:01:07,640 1896 when something like half a million 00:01:07,640 --> 00:01:10,190 1896 when something like half a million Cuban civilians were rounded up and put 00:01:10,190 --> 00:01:10,200 Cuban civilians were rounded up and put 00:01:10,200 --> 00:01:13,350 Cuban civilians were rounded up and put in fortified villages in which something 00:01:13,350 --> 00:01:13,360 in fortified villages in which something 00:01:13,360 --> 00:01:16,230 in fortified villages in which something like a 100,000 of them died the wher 00:01:16,230 --> 00:01:16,240 like a 100,000 of them died the wher 00:01:16,240 --> 00:01:18,910 like a 100,000 of them died the wher method as it became known was reviled 00:01:18,910 --> 00:01:18,920 method as it became known was reviled 00:01:18,920 --> 00:01:21,550 method as it became known was reviled throughout the world everybody including 00:01:21,550 --> 00:01:21,560 throughout the world everybody including 00:01:21,560 --> 00:01:25,109 throughout the world everybody including Britain was against it and yet it was 00:01:25,109 --> 00:01:25,119 Britain was against it and yet it was 00:01:25,119 --> 00:01:28,469 Britain was against it and yet it was used by kiter as a method of punishment 00:01:28,469 --> 00:01:28,479 used by kiter as a method of punishment 00:01:28,479 --> 00:01:30,510 used by kiter as a method of punishment for the women and children the effect of 00:01:30,510 --> 00:01:30,520 for the women and children the effect of 00:01:30,520 --> 00:01:32,469 for the women and children the effect of the concentration camps and the illness 00:01:32,469 --> 00:01:32,479 the concentration camps and the illness 00:01:32,479 --> 00:01:34,870 the concentration camps and the illness and the starvation in them certainly led 00:01:34,870 --> 00:01:34,880 and the starvation in them certainly led 00:01:34,880 --> 00:01:36,429 and the starvation in them certainly led to an awful lot of Bor women and 00:01:36,429 --> 00:01:36,439 to an awful lot of Bor women and 00:01:36,439 --> 00:01:38,350 to an awful lot of Bor women and children losing their lives but I don't 00:01:38,350 --> 00:01:38,360 children losing their lives but I don't 00:01:38,360 --> 00:01:40,870 children losing their lives but I don't think this was genocide in the way we 00:01:40,870 --> 00:01:40,880 think this was genocide in the way we 00:01:40,880 --> 00:01:43,469 think this was genocide in the way we discuss it at the moment but it was 00:01:43,469 --> 00:01:43,479 discuss it at the moment but it was 00:01:43,479 --> 00:01:47,709 discuss it at the moment but it was certainly um cous disregard for Life 00:01:47,709 --> 00:01:47,719 certainly um cous disregard for Life 00:01:47,719 --> 00:01:50,749 certainly um cous disregard for Life contempt if you like for the sanctity of 00:01:50,749 --> 00:01:50,759 contempt if you like for the sanctity of 00:01:50,759 --> 00:01:52,749 contempt if you like for the sanctity of Life of people even if they are 00:01:52,749 --> 00:01:52,759 Life of people even if they are 00:01:52,759 --> 00:01:56,029 Life of people even if they are opponents and I there's nothing 00:01:56,029 --> 00:01:56,039 opponents and I there's nothing 00:01:56,039 --> 00:01:58,310 opponents and I there's nothing praiseworthy about the way the British 00:01:58,310 --> 00:01:58,320 praiseworthy about the way the British 00:01:58,320 --> 00:02:01,610 praiseworthy about the way the British army conducted the B War 00:02:01,610 --> 00:02:01,620 army conducted the B War 00:02:01,620 --> 00:02:03,230 army conducted the B War [Music] 00:02:03,230 --> 00:02:03,240 [Music] 00:02:03,240 --> 00:02:05,749 [Music] what happened and what it turned out to 00:02:05,749 --> 00:02:05,759 what happened and what it turned out to 00:02:05,759 --> 00:02:08,430 what happened and what it turned out to be was a human 00:02:08,430 --> 00:02:08,440 be was a human 00:02:08,440 --> 00:02:11,790 be was a human tragedy of immense and catastrophic 00:02:11,790 --> 00:02:11,800 tragedy of immense and catastrophic 00:02:11,800 --> 00:02:15,110 tragedy of immense and catastrophic proportions and it is a story that needs 00:02:15,110 --> 00:02:15,120 proportions and it is a story that needs 00:02:15,120 --> 00:02:18,309 proportions and it is a story that needs to be told properly and 00:02:18,309 --> 00:02:18,319 to be told properly and 00:02:18,319 --> 00:02:23,070 to be told properly and well it has been lost in a mountain of 00:02:23,070 --> 00:02:23,080 well it has been lost in a mountain of 00:02:23,080 --> 00:02:24,990 well it has been lost in a mountain of disinformation and 00:02:24,990 --> 00:02:25,000 disinformation and 00:02:25,000 --> 00:02:29,949 disinformation and propaganda misinformation and lies 00:02:29,949 --> 00:02:29,959 propaganda misinformation and lies 00:02:29,959 --> 00:02:32,990 propaganda misinformation and lies I think the time has come now to Shake 00:02:32,990 --> 00:02:33,000 I think the time has come now to Shake 00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:36,830 I think the time has come now to Shake It Out open it up and spread it to 00:02:36,830 --> 00:02:36,840 It Out open it up and spread it to 00:02:36,840 --> 00:02:38,070 It Out open it up and spread it to everybody who should 00:02:38,070 --> 00:02:38,080 everybody who should 00:02:38,080 --> 00:02:42,070 everybody who should know for the board people the loss of I 00:02:42,070 --> 00:02:42,080 know for the board people the loss of I 00:02:42,080 --> 00:02:45,110 know for the board people the loss of I will estimate 32,000 but the official 00:02:45,110 --> 00:02:45,120 will estimate 32,000 but the official 00:02:45,120 --> 00:02:46,589 will estimate 32,000 but the official figure is 00:02:46,589 --> 00:02:46,599 figure is 00:02:46,599 --> 00:02:51,110 figure is 27,9 27 I believe was a significant 00:02:51,110 --> 00:02:51,120 27,9 27 I believe was a significant 00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:53,550 27,9 27 I believe was a significant percentage for the Bor people for the 00:02:53,550 --> 00:02:53,560 percentage for the Bor people for the 00:02:53,560 --> 00:02:56,910 percentage for the Bor people for the African people probably about 25,000 but 00:02:56,910 --> 00:02:56,920 African people probably about 25,000 but 00:02:56,920 --> 00:03:00,430 African people probably about 25,000 but at least 20,000 is less of a loss L 00:03:00,430 --> 00:03:00,440 at least 20,000 is less of a loss L 00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:03,270 at least 20,000 is less of a loss L percentage wise but a great tragedy 00:03:03,270 --> 00:03:03,280 percentage wise but a great tragedy 00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:06,270 percentage wise but a great tragedy nevertheless was there a boore holocaust 00:03:06,270 --> 00:03:06,280 nevertheless was there a boore holocaust 00:03:06,280 --> 00:03:07,949 nevertheless was there a boore holocaust it was 00:03:07,949 --> 00:03:07,959 it was 00:03:07,959 --> 00:03:10,589 it was genocide very very clear genocide it 00:03:10,589 --> 00:03:10,599 genocide very very clear genocide it 00:03:10,599 --> 00:03:13,910 genocide very very clear genocide it started off as a war against the bus the 00:03:13,910 --> 00:03:13,920 started off as a war against the bus the 00:03:13,920 --> 00:03:16,390 started off as a war against the bus the republics and then for military reasons 00:03:16,390 --> 00:03:16,400 republics and then for military reasons 00:03:16,400 --> 00:03:17,550 republics and then for military reasons they started with the concentration 00:03:17,550 --> 00:03:17,560 they started with the concentration 00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:20,149 they started with the concentration camps but that then spilled over and 00:03:20,149 --> 00:03:20,159 camps but that then spilled over and 00:03:20,159 --> 00:03:22,990 camps but that then spilled over and then they used the Cuban methods then in 00:03:22,990 --> 00:03:23,000 then they used the Cuban methods then in 00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:25,070 then they used the Cuban methods then in fact they the war turned into genocide 00:03:25,070 --> 00:03:25,080 fact they the war turned into genocide 00:03:25,080 --> 00:03:27,509 fact they the war turned into genocide it was planned nobody can say they 00:03:27,509 --> 00:03:27,519 it was planned nobody can say they 00:03:27,519 --> 00:03:30,270 it was planned nobody can say they didn't know especially the command 00:03:30,270 --> 00:03:30,280 didn't know especially the command 00:03:30,280 --> 00:03:31,789 didn't know especially the command how could they not 00:03:31,789 --> 00:03:31,799 how could they not 00:03:31,799 --> 00:03:35,270 how could they not know concentration means 00:03:35,270 --> 00:03:35,280 know concentration means 00:03:35,280 --> 00:03:37,990 know concentration means disease you don't need a 00:03:37,990 --> 00:03:38,000 disease you don't need a 00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:41,750 disease you don't need a policy you just need to neglect 41 camps 00:03:41,750 --> 00:03:41,760 policy you just need to neglect 41 camps 00:03:41,760 --> 00:03:43,470 policy you just need to neglect 41 camps right over the country there was a 00:03:43,470 --> 00:03:43,480 right over the country there was a 00:03:43,480 --> 00:03:46,110 right over the country there was a Central Command that got all the 00:03:46,110 --> 00:03:46,120 Central Command that got all the 00:03:46,120 --> 00:03:47,869 Central Command that got all the statistics and saw this 00:03:47,869 --> 00:03:47,879 statistics and saw this 00:03:47,879 --> 00:03:50,390 statistics and saw this happening this is a nation dying I'm 00:03:50,390 --> 00:03:50,400 happening this is a nation dying I'm 00:03:50,400 --> 00:03:52,229 happening this is a nation dying I'm quite sure that there was no intention 00:03:52,229 --> 00:03:52,239 quite sure that there was no intention 00:03:52,239 --> 00:03:54,270 quite sure that there was no intention on the part of the British military that 00:03:54,270 --> 00:03:54,280 on the part of the British military that 00:03:54,280 --> 00:03:56,069 on the part of the British military that women and children should Dil like flies 00:03:56,069 --> 00:03:56,079 women and children should Dil like flies 00:03:56,079 --> 00:03:58,429 women and children should Dil like flies in camps there is no 00:03:58,429 --> 00:03:58,439 in camps there is no 00:03:58,439 --> 00:04:03,069 in camps there is no evidence of a deliberate policy to 00:04:03,069 --> 00:04:03,079 evidence of a deliberate policy to 00:04:03,079 --> 00:04:06,589 evidence of a deliberate policy to exterminate and it's therefore uh wildly 00:04:06,589 --> 00:04:06,599 exterminate and it's therefore uh wildly 00:04:06,599 --> 00:04:10,110 exterminate and it's therefore uh wildly grotesquely uh Incorrect and unjust to 00:04:10,110 --> 00:04:10,120 grotesquely uh Incorrect and unjust to 00:04:10,120 --> 00:04:12,589 grotesquely uh Incorrect and unjust to accuse the British of a genocide or an 00:04:12,589 --> 00:04:12,599 accuse the British of a genocide or an 00:04:12,599 --> 00:04:14,550 accuse the British of a genocide or an attempted genocide of the Africana 00:04:14,550 --> 00:04:14,560 attempted genocide of the Africana 00:04:14,560 --> 00:04:17,150 attempted genocide of the Africana population it's very easy to take the 00:04:17,150 --> 00:04:17,160 population it's very easy to take the 00:04:17,160 --> 00:04:19,110 population it's very easy to take the word concentration camp and think of it 00:04:19,110 --> 00:04:19,120 word concentration camp and think of it 00:04:19,120 --> 00:04:22,270 word concentration camp and think of it in terms of the Nazis when Geral pointed 00:04:22,270 --> 00:04:22,280 in terms of the Nazis when Geral pointed 00:04:22,280 --> 00:04:23,950 in terms of the Nazis when Geral pointed out that the British had set up 00:04:23,950 --> 00:04:23,960 out that the British had set up 00:04:23,960 --> 00:04:28,710 out that the British had set up concentration camps uh he was really 00:04:28,710 --> 00:04:28,720 concentration camps uh he was really 00:04:28,720 --> 00:04:30,629 concentration camps uh he was really mistaking concentration camps in the 00:04:30,629 --> 00:04:30,639 mistaking concentration camps in the 00:04:30,639 --> 00:04:33,189 mistaking concentration camps in the British sense in South Africa with the 00:04:33,189 --> 00:04:33,199 British sense in South Africa with the 00:04:33,199 --> 00:04:36,350 British sense in South Africa with the extermination camps that the Nazis um 00:04:36,350 --> 00:04:36,360 extermination camps that the Nazis um 00:04:36,360 --> 00:04:39,430 extermination camps that the Nazis um had set up and which uh which he himself 00:04:39,430 --> 00:04:39,440 had set up and which uh which he himself 00:04:39,440 --> 00:04:41,390 had set up and which uh which he himself was involved with and this was a classic 00:04:41,390 --> 00:04:41,400 was involved with and this was a classic 00:04:41,400 --> 00:04:43,830 was involved with and this was a classic propaganda technique obviously from the 00:04:43,830 --> 00:04:43,840 propaganda technique obviously from the 00:04:43,840 --> 00:04:46,390 propaganda technique obviously from the point of view of the victim uh any 00:04:46,390 --> 00:04:46,400 point of view of the victim uh any 00:04:46,400 --> 00:04:48,390 point of view of the victim uh any difference may be semantic I mean if you 00:04:48,390 --> 00:04:48,400 difference may be semantic I mean if you 00:04:48,400 --> 00:04:52,390 difference may be semantic I mean if you die you die and if you uh almost starve 00:04:52,390 --> 00:04:52,400 die you die and if you uh almost starve 00:04:52,400 --> 00:04:54,510 die you die and if you uh almost starve you almost starve doesn't matter what 00:04:54,510 --> 00:04:54,520 you almost starve doesn't matter what 00:04:54,520 --> 00:04:56,870 you almost starve doesn't matter what the the policy behind it is now whether 00:04:56,870 --> 00:04:56,880 the the policy behind it is now whether 00:04:56,880 --> 00:04:58,390 the the policy behind it is now whether you're going to do it by shooting him 00:04:58,390 --> 00:04:58,400 you're going to do it by shooting him 00:04:58,400 --> 00:05:00,350 you're going to do it by shooting him through the head immediately or by 00:05:00,350 --> 00:05:00,360 through the head immediately or by 00:05:00,360 --> 00:05:02,510 through the head immediately or by slowly starving to the death I mean it's 00:05:02,510 --> 00:05:02,520 slowly starving to the death I mean it's 00:05:02,520 --> 00:05:05,749 slowly starving to the death I mean it's the same principle for the boor people 00:05:05,749 --> 00:05:05,759 the same principle for the boor people 00:05:05,759 --> 00:05:08,430 the same principle for the boor people the number of women and children and old 00:05:08,430 --> 00:05:08,440 the number of women and children and old 00:05:08,440 --> 00:05:11,749 the number of women and children and old people who died in the concentration 00:05:11,749 --> 00:05:11,759 people who died in the concentration 00:05:11,759 --> 00:05:15,600 people who died in the concentration camps percentage wise was a holocaust 00:05:15,600 --> 00:05:15,610 camps percentage wise was a holocaust 00:05:15,610 --> 00:05:31,790 camps percentage wise was a holocaust [Music] 00:05:31,790 --> 00:05:31,800 00:05:31,800 --> 00:05:44,560 [Music] 00:05:44,560 --> 00:05:44,570 00:05:44,570 --> 00:05:59,110 [Music] 00:05:59,110 --> 00:05:59,120 00:05:59,120 --> 00:06:02,110 England should never have done that to 00:06:02,110 --> 00:06:02,120 England should never have done that to 00:06:02,120 --> 00:06:04,710 England should never have done that to strike down two independent republics 00:06:04,710 --> 00:06:04,720 strike down two independent republics 00:06:04,720 --> 00:06:06,909 strike down two independent republics must have lowered our whole position in 00:06:06,909 --> 00:06:06,919 must have lowered our whole position in 00:06:06,919 --> 00:06:09,309 must have lowered our whole position in the 00:06:09,309 --> 00:06:09,319 00:06:09,319 --> 00:06:12,350 world it was the year 00:06:12,350 --> 00:06:12,360 world it was the year 00:06:12,360 --> 00:06:15,730 world it was the year 1899 the high noon of British 00:06:15,730 --> 00:06:15,740 1899 the high noon of British 00:06:15,740 --> 00:06:18,990 1899 the high noon of British [Music] 00:06:18,990 --> 00:06:19,000 [Music] 00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:21,070 [Music] imperialism Britain was the globe's 00:06:21,070 --> 00:06:21,080 imperialism Britain was the globe's 00:06:21,080 --> 00:06:23,070 imperialism Britain was the globe's greatest Trader and its Empire 00:06:23,070 --> 00:06:23,080 greatest Trader and its Empire 00:06:23,080 --> 00:06:24,749 greatest Trader and its Empire encompassed more than a quarter of the 00:06:24,749 --> 00:06:24,759 encompassed more than a quarter of the 00:06:24,759 --> 00:06:29,749 encompassed more than a quarter of the human race 00:06:29,749 --> 00:06:29,759 00:06:29,759 --> 00:06:31,510 the passionate figurehead of the empire 00:06:31,510 --> 00:06:31,520 the passionate figurehead of the empire 00:06:31,520 --> 00:06:34,189 the passionate figurehead of the empire was the 80-year-old Queen Victoria she 00:06:34,189 --> 00:06:34,199 was the 80-year-old Queen Victoria she 00:06:34,199 --> 00:06:36,589 was the 80-year-old Queen Victoria she did not have Ministers of Defense she 00:06:36,589 --> 00:06:36,599 did not have Ministers of Defense she 00:06:36,599 --> 00:06:37,700 did not have Ministers of Defense she had Ministers of 00:06:37,700 --> 00:06:37,710 had Ministers of 00:06:37,710 --> 00:06:40,510 had Ministers of [Music] 00:06:40,510 --> 00:06:40,520 [Music] 00:06:40,520 --> 00:06:43,110 [Music] War indeed not a single year of her 00:06:43,110 --> 00:06:43,120 War indeed not a single year of her 00:06:43,120 --> 00:06:46,400 War indeed not a single year of her 64-year Reign passed without military 00:06:46,400 --> 00:06:46,410 64-year Reign passed without military 00:06:46,410 --> 00:06:48,990 64-year Reign passed without military [Music] 00:06:48,990 --> 00:06:49,000 [Music] 00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:51,350 [Music] Conflict at the turn of the century the 00:06:51,350 --> 00:06:51,360 Conflict at the turn of the century the 00:06:51,360 --> 00:06:54,029 Conflict at the turn of the century the Scramble for Africa was in full swing 00:06:54,029 --> 00:06:54,039 Scramble for Africa was in full swing 00:06:54,039 --> 00:06:57,189 Scramble for Africa was in full swing Britain France Germany and Belgium were 00:06:57,189 --> 00:06:57,199 Britain France Germany and Belgium were 00:06:57,199 --> 00:06:59,150 Britain France Germany and Belgium were involved in a fierce inter-imperialist 00:06:59,150 --> 00:06:59,160 involved in a fierce inter-imperialist 00:06:59,160 --> 00:07:00,029 involved in a fierce inter-imperialist rivalry 00:07:00,029 --> 00:07:00,039 rivalry 00:07:00,039 --> 00:07:03,550 rivalry for control of the continent's mineral 00:07:03,550 --> 00:07:03,560 for control of the continent's mineral 00:07:03,560 --> 00:07:06,629 for control of the continent's mineral riches in southern Africa the cape and 00:07:06,629 --> 00:07:06,639 riches in southern Africa the cape and 00:07:06,639 --> 00:07:09,749 riches in southern Africa the cape and Nel were already British colonies in the 00:07:09,749 --> 00:07:09,759 Nel were already British colonies in the 00:07:09,759 --> 00:07:11,830 Nel were already British colonies in the center lay the transval and the orange 00:07:11,830 --> 00:07:11,840 center lay the transval and the orange 00:07:11,840 --> 00:07:14,589 center lay the transval and the orange free state where the bus descendants of 00:07:14,589 --> 00:07:14,599 free state where the bus descendants of 00:07:14,599 --> 00:07:16,430 free state where the bus descendants of the early Dutch French and German 00:07:16,430 --> 00:07:16,440 the early Dutch French and German 00:07:16,440 --> 00:07:22,990 the early Dutch French and German settlers had established independent 00:07:22,990 --> 00:07:23,000 00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:25,990 republics and Britain had old scores to 00:07:25,990 --> 00:07:26,000 republics and Britain had old scores to 00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:29,670 republics and Britain had old scores to settle a few years before in 1881 00:07:29,670 --> 00:07:29,680 settle a few years before in 1881 00:07:29,680 --> 00:07:31,830 settle a few years before in 1881 Britain suffered a humiliating defeat at 00:07:31,830 --> 00:07:31,840 Britain suffered a humiliating defeat at 00:07:31,840 --> 00:07:33,990 Britain suffered a humiliating defeat at the Battle of majuba hill during the 00:07:33,990 --> 00:07:34,000 the Battle of majuba hill during the 00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:36,510 the Battle of majuba hill during the first bu War through which the transval 00:07:36,510 --> 00:07:36,520 first bu War through which the transval 00:07:36,520 --> 00:07:38,710 first bu War through which the transval regained its 00:07:38,710 --> 00:07:38,720 regained its 00:07:38,720 --> 00:07:42,309 regained its independence 5 years later in 1886 00:07:42,309 --> 00:07:42,319 independence 5 years later in 1886 00:07:42,319 --> 00:07:44,070 independence 5 years later in 1886 Providence decreed the discovery of the 00:07:44,070 --> 00:07:44,080 Providence decreed the discovery of the 00:07:44,080 --> 00:07:45,830 Providence decreed the discovery of the richest Goldfield the world has ever 00:07:45,830 --> 00:07:45,840 richest Goldfield the world has ever 00:07:45,840 --> 00:07:48,070 richest Goldfield the world has ever known in the 00:07:48,070 --> 00:07:48,080 known in the 00:07:48,080 --> 00:07:50,670 known in the transval the Newfound economic and 00:07:50,670 --> 00:07:50,680 transval the Newfound economic and 00:07:50,680 --> 00:07:52,510 transval the Newfound economic and political power of the Republic 00:07:52,510 --> 00:07:52,520 political power of the Republic 00:07:52,520 --> 00:07:54,550 political power of the Republic threatened British dominance and control 00:07:54,550 --> 00:07:54,560 threatened British dominance and control 00:07:54,560 --> 00:07:56,469 threatened British dominance and control of the 00:07:56,469 --> 00:07:56,479 of the 00:07:56,479 --> 00:07:59,550 of the region on The Bu side president Paul 00:07:59,550 --> 00:07:59,560 region on The Bu side president Paul 00:07:59,560 --> 00:08:01,430 region on The Bu side president Paul Krueger the staunchly conservative 00:08:01,430 --> 00:08:01,440 Krueger the staunchly conservative 00:08:01,440 --> 00:08:03,309 Krueger the staunchly conservative father of the Republic could not be 00:08:03,309 --> 00:08:03,319 father of the Republic could not be 00:08:03,319 --> 00:08:04,950 father of the Republic could not be moved to recognize the political 00:08:04,950 --> 00:08:04,960 moved to recognize the political 00:08:04,960 --> 00:08:07,029 moved to recognize the political aspirations of the fortune Seekers 00:08:07,029 --> 00:08:07,039 aspirations of the fortune Seekers 00:08:07,039 --> 00:08:09,350 aspirations of the fortune Seekers mostly British subjects who streamed 00:08:09,350 --> 00:08:09,360 mostly British subjects who streamed 00:08:09,360 --> 00:08:12,589 mostly British subjects who streamed into his country in the rush for gold 00:08:12,589 --> 00:08:12,599 into his country in the rush for gold 00:08:12,599 --> 00:08:16,629 into his country in the rush for gold they were regarded as at lunders or 00:08:16,629 --> 00:08:16,639 they were regarded as at lunders or 00:08:16,639 --> 00:08:18,790 they were regarded as at lunders or foreigners in the opposite corner to 00:08:18,790 --> 00:08:18,800 foreigners in the opposite corner to 00:08:18,800 --> 00:08:21,149 foreigners in the opposite corner to Krueger was cesil John rhs prime 00:08:21,149 --> 00:08:21,159 Krueger was cesil John rhs prime 00:08:21,159 --> 00:08:23,029 Krueger was cesil John rhs prime minister of the cape colony who was 00:08:23,029 --> 00:08:23,039 minister of the cape colony who was 00:08:23,039 --> 00:08:25,469 minister of the cape colony who was determined that the Union Jack would fly 00:08:25,469 --> 00:08:25,479 determined that the Union Jack would fly 00:08:25,479 --> 00:08:28,629 determined that the Union Jack would fly over all of Africa but rhs was forced to 00:08:28,629 --> 00:08:28,639 over all of Africa but rhs was forced to 00:08:28,639 --> 00:08:30,309 over all of Africa but rhs was forced to resign in January 00:08:30,309 --> 00:08:30,319 resign in January 00:08:30,319 --> 00:08:32,949 resign in January 1896 after a blundered coup attempt in 00:08:32,949 --> 00:08:32,959 1896 after a blundered coup attempt in 00:08:32,959 --> 00:08:35,810 1896 after a blundered coup attempt in the transval by his associate Dr 00:08:35,810 --> 00:08:35,820 the transval by his associate Dr 00:08:35,820 --> 00:08:37,750 the transval by his associate Dr [Music] 00:08:37,750 --> 00:08:37,760 [Music] 00:08:37,760 --> 00:08:40,550 [Music] jamson president stain of the Free State 00:08:40,550 --> 00:08:40,560 jamson president stain of the Free State 00:08:40,560 --> 00:08:42,750 jamson president stain of the Free State saw jamson's raid as a sign of Britain's 00:08:42,750 --> 00:08:42,760 saw jamson's raid as a sign of Britain's 00:08:42,760 --> 00:08:45,870 saw jamson's raid as a sign of Britain's intentions to violently overthrow The Bu 00:08:45,870 --> 00:08:45,880 intentions to violently overthrow The Bu 00:08:45,880 --> 00:08:48,430 intentions to violently overthrow The Bu governments he joined Krueger's cause by 00:08:48,430 --> 00:08:48,440 governments he joined Krueger's cause by 00:08:48,440 --> 00:08:52,470 governments he joined Krueger's cause by treaty in 00:08:52,470 --> 00:08:52,480 00:08:52,480 --> 00:08:54,790 1897 krugger and stain's chief 00:08:54,790 --> 00:08:54,800 1897 krugger and stain's chief 00:08:54,800 --> 00:08:57,269 1897 krugger and stain's chief antagonist was Sir Alfred Milner the 00:08:57,269 --> 00:08:57,279 antagonist was Sir Alfred Milner the 00:08:57,279 --> 00:08:58,630 antagonist was Sir Alfred Milner the British High Commissioner in South 00:08:58,630 --> 00:08:58,640 British High Commissioner in South 00:08:58,640 --> 00:09:01,110 British High Commissioner in South Africa 00:09:01,110 --> 00:09:01,120 Africa 00:09:01,120 --> 00:09:03,310 Africa a man with grand visions of a unified 00:09:03,310 --> 00:09:03,320 a man with grand visions of a unified 00:09:03,320 --> 00:09:06,069 a man with grand visions of a unified empire producing gold and diamonds for 00:09:06,069 --> 00:09:06,079 empire producing gold and diamonds for 00:09:06,079 --> 00:09:08,710 empire producing gold and diamonds for his 00:09:08,710 --> 00:09:08,720 00:09:08,720 --> 00:09:11,509 Queen British colonial secretary Joseph 00:09:11,509 --> 00:09:11,519 Queen British colonial secretary Joseph 00:09:11,519 --> 00:09:13,990 Queen British colonial secretary Joseph Chamberlain supported Milner in using 00:09:13,990 --> 00:09:14,000 Chamberlain supported Milner in using 00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:15,630 Chamberlain supported Milner in using the disenfranchisement of British 00:09:15,630 --> 00:09:15,640 the disenfranchisement of British 00:09:15,640 --> 00:09:18,389 the disenfranchisement of British subjects in the transval as a vehicle to 00:09:18,389 --> 00:09:18,399 subjects in the transval as a vehicle to 00:09:18,399 --> 00:09:21,630 subjects in the transval as a vehicle to push the dispute to the brink of 00:09:21,630 --> 00:09:21,640 push the dispute to the brink of 00:09:21,640 --> 00:09:24,150 push the dispute to the brink of War President krugger issued an 00:09:24,150 --> 00:09:24,160 War President krugger issued an 00:09:24,160 --> 00:09:26,110 War President krugger issued an ultimatum for the withdrawal of British 00:09:26,110 --> 00:09:26,120 ultimatum for the withdrawal of British 00:09:26,120 --> 00:09:29,430 ultimatum for the withdrawal of British troops which was predictably rejected 00:09:29,430 --> 00:09:29,440 troops which was predictably rejected 00:09:29,440 --> 00:09:31,230 troops which was predictably rejected Britain was effectively at War again on 00:09:31,230 --> 00:09:31,240 Britain was effectively at War again on 00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:32,870 Britain was effectively at War again on the 11th of October 00:09:32,870 --> 00:09:32,880 the 11th of October 00:09:32,880 --> 00:09:36,069 the 11th of October 1899 and for a brief moment South Africa 00:09:36,069 --> 00:09:36,079 1899 and for a brief moment South Africa 00:09:36,079 --> 00:09:39,590 1899 and for a brief moment South Africa was the center of world 00:09:39,590 --> 00:09:39,600 00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:41,910 attention with the Advent of the media 00:09:41,910 --> 00:09:41,920 attention with the Advent of the media 00:09:41,920 --> 00:09:44,110 attention with the Advent of the media War the unfolding events enjoyed 00:09:44,110 --> 00:09:44,120 War the unfolding events enjoyed 00:09:44,120 --> 00:09:45,990 War the unfolding events enjoyed extensive coverage in newspapers all 00:09:45,990 --> 00:09:46,000 extensive coverage in newspapers all 00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:47,949 extensive coverage in newspapers all over the globe supported For the First 00:09:47,949 --> 00:09:47,959 over the globe supported For the First 00:09:47,959 --> 00:09:51,630 over the globe supported For the First Time by photographs and moving 00:09:51,630 --> 00:09:51,640 Time by photographs and moving 00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:54,190 Time by photographs and moving pictures soldiers arrived from all 00:09:54,190 --> 00:09:54,200 pictures soldiers arrived from all 00:09:54,200 --> 00:09:56,990 pictures soldiers arrived from all corners of the Empire to serve the 00:09:56,990 --> 00:09:57,000 corners of the Empire to serve the 00:09:57,000 --> 00:09:59,710 corners of the Empire to serve the queen while volunteers from continent Al 00:09:59,710 --> 00:09:59,720 queen while volunteers from continent Al 00:09:59,720 --> 00:10:03,030 queen while volunteers from continent Al Europe Russia and the USA supported the 00:10:03,030 --> 00:10:03,040 Europe Russia and the USA supported the 00:10:03,040 --> 00:10:05,550 Europe Russia and the USA supported the bu 00:10:05,550 --> 00:10:05,560 00:10:05,560 --> 00:10:12,269 cause the world was at war in 00:10:12,269 --> 00:10:12,279 00:10:12,279 --> 00:10:14,949 Africa under the leadership of General K 00:10:14,949 --> 00:10:14,959 Africa under the leadership of General K 00:10:14,959 --> 00:10:17,430 Africa under the leadership of General K delay the first shot was fired on the 00:10:17,430 --> 00:10:17,440 delay the first shot was fired on the 00:10:17,440 --> 00:10:20,829 delay the first shot was fired on the 12th of October 1899 when a group of bus 00:10:20,829 --> 00:10:20,839 12th of October 1899 when a group of bus 00:10:20,839 --> 00:10:22,430 12th of October 1899 when a group of bus captured a British armored train at 00:10:22,430 --> 00:10:22,440 captured a British armored train at 00:10:22,440 --> 00:10:26,590 captured a British armored train at cryan on the Western 00:10:26,590 --> 00:10:26,600 00:10:26,600 --> 00:10:29,550 Front this war was dominated by the she 00:10:29,550 --> 00:10:29,560 Front this war was dominated by the she 00:10:29,560 --> 00:10:32,110 Front this war was dominated by the she expanse of southern Africa the potential 00:10:32,110 --> 00:10:32,120 expanse of southern Africa the potential 00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:34,150 expanse of southern Africa the potential area of hostility stretched from Cape 00:10:34,150 --> 00:10:34,160 area of hostility stretched from Cape 00:10:34,160 --> 00:10:37,430 area of hostility stretched from Cape Town to the zambesi an area equal to all 00:10:37,430 --> 00:10:37,440 Town to the zambesi an area equal to all 00:10:37,440 --> 00:10:39,430 Town to the zambesi an area equal to all of Europe between Dublin and 00:10:39,430 --> 00:10:39,440 of Europe between Dublin and 00:10:39,440 --> 00:10:42,030 of Europe between Dublin and Vienna the bus strategically took the 00:10:42,030 --> 00:10:42,040 Vienna the bus strategically took the 00:10:42,040 --> 00:10:44,470 Vienna the bus strategically took the offensive by laying Siege to three front 00:10:44,470 --> 00:10:44,480 offensive by laying Siege to three front 00:10:44,480 --> 00:10:47,310 offensive by laying Siege to three front towns in British territory mafang 00:10:47,310 --> 00:10:47,320 towns in British territory mafang 00:10:47,320 --> 00:10:49,750 towns in British territory mafang kimbery and Lady 00:10:49,750 --> 00:10:49,760 kimbery and Lady 00:10:49,760 --> 00:10:52,430 kimbery and Lady Smith the railways determined military 00:10:52,430 --> 00:10:52,440 Smith the railways determined military 00:10:52,440 --> 00:10:55,190 Smith the railways determined military strategy due to the size of the land the 00:10:55,190 --> 00:10:55,200 strategy due to the size of the land the 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:57,110 strategy due to the size of the land the speediest advanc lay in possession of 00:10:57,110 --> 00:10:57,120 speediest advanc lay in possession of 00:10:57,120 --> 00:10:58,910 speediest advanc lay in possession of the four tracks originating in the sea 00:10:58,910 --> 00:10:58,920 the four tracks originating in the sea 00:10:58,920 --> 00:11:03,910 the four tracks originating in the sea port of the British 00:11:03,910 --> 00:11:03,920 00:11:03,920 --> 00:11:06,150 colonies at first the buers had the 00:11:06,150 --> 00:11:06,160 colonies at first the buers had the 00:11:06,160 --> 00:11:09,870 colonies at first the buers had the advantage of Mobility speed and surprise 00:11:09,870 --> 00:11:09,880 advantage of Mobility speed and surprise 00:11:09,880 --> 00:11:13,269 advantage of Mobility speed and surprise British troops arrived late and were ill 00:11:13,269 --> 00:11:13,279 British troops arrived late and were ill 00:11:13,279 --> 00:11:15,750 British troops arrived late and were ill prepared Britain's initial reverses 00:11:15,750 --> 00:11:15,760 prepared Britain's initial reverses 00:11:15,760 --> 00:11:17,750 prepared Britain's initial reverses culminated in what became known as black 00:11:17,750 --> 00:11:17,760 culminated in what became known as black 00:11:17,760 --> 00:11:21,030 culminated in what became known as black week in mid December 00:11:21,030 --> 00:11:21,040 week in mid December 00:11:21,040 --> 00:11:23,990 week in mid December 1899 British generals experienced three 00:11:23,990 --> 00:11:24,000 1899 British generals experienced three 00:11:24,000 --> 00:11:26,790 1899 British generals experienced three major defeats in one week at stormberg 00:11:26,790 --> 00:11:26,800 major defeats in one week at stormberg 00:11:26,800 --> 00:11:29,550 major defeats in one week at stormberg on the southern front at the Battle of 00:11:29,550 --> 00:11:29,560 on the southern front at the Battle of 00:11:29,560 --> 00:11:32,150 on the southern front at the Battle of fontain in the west and under General 00:11:32,150 --> 00:11:32,160 fontain in the west and under General 00:11:32,160 --> 00:11:34,629 fontain in the west and under General bull at Kenzo on the nutel front against 00:11:34,629 --> 00:11:34,639 bull at Kenzo on the nutel front against 00:11:34,639 --> 00:11:37,990 bull at Kenzo on the nutel front against bu General Louie B among the casualties 00:11:37,990 --> 00:11:38,000 bu General Louie B among the casualties 00:11:38,000 --> 00:11:40,190 bu General Louie B among the casualties was Lieutenant Freddy Roberts son of 00:11:40,190 --> 00:11:40,200 was Lieutenant Freddy Roberts son of 00:11:40,200 --> 00:11:43,190 was Lieutenant Freddy Roberts son of field Marshal Lord Roberts in the wake 00:11:43,190 --> 00:11:43,200 field Marshal Lord Roberts in the wake 00:11:43,200 --> 00:11:45,470 field Marshal Lord Roberts in the wake of black week Roberts replaced General 00:11:45,470 --> 00:11:45,480 of black week Roberts replaced General 00:11:45,480 --> 00:11:47,470 of black week Roberts replaced General Buller as his commander-in-chief of the 00:11:47,470 --> 00:11:47,480 Buller as his commander-in-chief of the 00:11:47,480 --> 00:11:50,069 Buller as his commander-in-chief of the British forces in South Africa with him 00:11:50,069 --> 00:11:50,079 British forces in South Africa with him 00:11:50,079 --> 00:11:52,470 British forces in South Africa with him came Lord kitner as his chief of 00:11:52,470 --> 00:11:52,480 came Lord kitner as his chief of 00:11:52,480 --> 00:11:55,430 came Lord kitner as his chief of staff in January 1900 they took charge 00:11:55,430 --> 00:11:55,440 staff in January 1900 they took charge 00:11:55,440 --> 00:11:57,550 staff in January 1900 they took charge of an army that was eventually larger 00:11:57,550 --> 00:11:57,560 of an army that was eventually larger 00:11:57,560 --> 00:12:00,470 of an army that was eventually larger than the entire bu population of the 00:12:00,470 --> 00:12:00,480 than the entire bu population of the 00:12:00,480 --> 00:12:02,829 than the entire bu population of the transfer the second British offensive 00:12:02,829 --> 00:12:02,839 transfer the second British offensive 00:12:02,839 --> 00:12:04,389 transfer the second British offensive started in February 00:12:04,389 --> 00:12:04,399 started in February 00:12:04,399 --> 00:12:07,670 started in February 1900 Lord Roberts's great flank march 00:12:07,670 --> 00:12:07,680 1900 Lord Roberts's great flank march 00:12:07,680 --> 00:12:09,990 1900 Lord Roberts's great flank march called the steamroller marched on Bloom 00:12:09,990 --> 00:12:10,000 called the steamroller marched on Bloom 00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:12,430 called the steamroller marched on Bloom Fontaine and Petoria this massive 00:12:12,430 --> 00:12:12,440 Fontaine and Petoria this massive 00:12:12,440 --> 00:12:14,150 Fontaine and Petoria this massive assault column managed to relieve 00:12:14,150 --> 00:12:14,160 assault column managed to relieve 00:12:14,160 --> 00:12:17,310 assault column managed to relieve kimbery and mafa king from Nel Bull's 00:12:17,310 --> 00:12:17,320 kimbery and mafa king from Nel Bull's 00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:22,400 kimbery and mafa king from Nel Bull's Advance relieved lady 00:12:22,400 --> 00:12:22,410 00:12:22,410 --> 00:12:23,710 [Music] 00:12:23,710 --> 00:12:23,720 [Music] 00:12:23,720 --> 00:12:27,509 [Music] Smith The Bu Army was forced to withdraw 00:12:27,509 --> 00:12:27,519 Smith The Bu Army was forced to withdraw 00:12:27,519 --> 00:12:29,470 Smith The Bu Army was forced to withdraw the steamroller March eventually led to 00:12:29,470 --> 00:12:29,480 the steamroller March eventually led to 00:12:29,480 --> 00:12:32,590 the steamroller March eventually led to a major B defeat when General pit cier 00:12:32,590 --> 00:12:32,600 a major B defeat when General pit cier 00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:38,910 a major B defeat when General pit cier surrendered with 4,000 men at 00:12:38,910 --> 00:12:38,920 00:12:38,920 --> 00:12:41,670 parur the capture of Blum fontain the 00:12:41,670 --> 00:12:41,680 parur the capture of Blum fontain the 00:12:41,680 --> 00:12:43,949 parur the capture of Blum fontain the capital of the orange free state set the 00:12:43,949 --> 00:12:43,959 capital of the orange free state set the 00:12:43,959 --> 00:12:46,470 capital of the orange free state set the seal on the complete reversal of Fortune 00:12:46,470 --> 00:12:46,480 seal on the complete reversal of Fortune 00:12:46,480 --> 00:12:49,949 seal on the complete reversal of Fortune for The Bu cause the stage was Now set 00:12:49,949 --> 00:12:49,959 for The Bu cause the stage was Now set 00:12:49,959 --> 00:12:52,590 for The Bu cause the stage was Now set to destroy the two bu republics and 00:12:52,590 --> 00:12:52,600 to destroy the two bu republics and 00:12:52,600 --> 00:12:56,670 to destroy the two bu republics and force the buers to 00:12:56,670 --> 00:12:56,680 00:12:56,680 --> 00:12:59,550 surrender now when Roberts took control 00:12:59,550 --> 00:12:59,560 surrender now when Roberts took control 00:12:59,560 --> 00:13:01,910 surrender now when Roberts took control of blue fontain on the 13th of March he 00:13:01,910 --> 00:13:01,920 of blue fontain on the 13th of March he 00:13:01,920 --> 00:13:03,629 of blue fontain on the 13th of March he thought that now the war in the Free 00:13:03,629 --> 00:13:03,639 thought that now the war in the Free 00:13:03,639 --> 00:13:06,069 thought that now the war in the Free State basically would have been over but 00:13:06,069 --> 00:13:06,079 State basically would have been over but 00:13:06,079 --> 00:13:08,310 State basically would have been over but definitely he thought the war would be 00:13:08,310 --> 00:13:08,320 definitely he thought the war would be 00:13:08,320 --> 00:13:10,750 definitely he thought the war would be over after he captured ptor on the 5th 00:13:10,750 --> 00:13:10,760 over after he captured ptor on the 5th 00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:12,710 over after he captured ptor on the 5th of June which is what Roberts thought 00:13:12,710 --> 00:13:12,720 of June which is what Roberts thought 00:13:12,720 --> 00:13:14,629 of June which is what Roberts thought fight the war take Bloom Fontaine take 00:13:14,629 --> 00:13:14,639 fight the war take Bloom Fontaine take 00:13:14,639 --> 00:13:17,150 fight the war take Bloom Fontaine take ptor and then the bus who are After All 00:13:17,150 --> 00:13:17,160 ptor and then the bus who are After All 00:13:17,160 --> 00:13:20,590 ptor and then the bus who are After All European People Like Us will recognize 00:13:20,590 --> 00:13:20,600 European People Like Us will recognize 00:13:20,600 --> 00:13:23,150 European People Like Us will recognize that the seat of power has fallen and 00:13:23,150 --> 00:13:23,160 that the seat of power has fallen and 00:13:23,160 --> 00:13:25,509 that the seat of power has fallen and they therefore surrender and that is the 00:13:25,509 --> 00:13:25,519 they therefore surrender and that is the 00:13:25,519 --> 00:13:27,509 they therefore surrender and that is the end of the war this is what the handbook 00:13:27,509 --> 00:13:27,519 end of the war this is what the handbook 00:13:27,519 --> 00:13:29,710 end of the war this is what the handbook said should happen but they didn't they 00:13:29,710 --> 00:13:29,720 said should happen but they didn't they 00:13:29,720 --> 00:13:31,990 said should happen but they didn't they simply went on to another phase the 00:13:31,990 --> 00:13:32,000 simply went on to another phase the 00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:34,230 simply went on to another phase the gorilla phase of the war and the war 00:13:34,230 --> 00:13:34,240 gorilla phase of the war and the war 00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:36,750 gorilla phase of the war and the war escalated and the gorilla phase lasted 00:13:36,750 --> 00:13:36,760 escalated and the gorilla phase lasted 00:13:36,760 --> 00:13:39,069 escalated and the gorilla phase lasted much longer than the initial phases all 00:13:39,069 --> 00:13:39,079 much longer than the initial phases all 00:13:39,079 --> 00:13:41,389 much longer than the initial phases all the Brewers did was they merely 00:13:41,389 --> 00:13:41,399 the Brewers did was they merely 00:13:41,399 --> 00:13:44,150 the Brewers did was they merely established a government in the field so 00:13:44,150 --> 00:13:44,160 established a government in the field so 00:13:44,160 --> 00:13:46,750 established a government in the field so president stain and members of his 00:13:46,750 --> 00:13:46,760 president stain and members of his 00:13:46,760 --> 00:13:49,189 president stain and members of his cabinet simply accompanied General devet 00:13:49,189 --> 00:13:49,199 cabinet simply accompanied General devet 00:13:49,199 --> 00:13:52,509 cabinet simply accompanied General devet most of the time and from that Commando 00:13:52,509 --> 00:13:52,519 most of the time and from that Commando 00:13:52,519 --> 00:13:54,670 most of the time and from that Commando he still governed the country to the 00:13:54,670 --> 00:13:54,680 he still governed the country to the 00:13:54,680 --> 00:13:56,710 he still governed the country to the extent that it was still possible and 00:13:56,710 --> 00:13:56,720 extent that it was still possible and 00:13:56,720 --> 00:13:59,389 extent that it was still possible and the same happened in the transval 00:13:59,389 --> 00:13:59,399 the same happened in the transval 00:13:59,399 --> 00:14:01,829 the same happened in the transval Telegraph lines were cut Bridges were 00:14:01,829 --> 00:14:01,839 Telegraph lines were cut Bridges were 00:14:01,839 --> 00:14:05,110 Telegraph lines were cut Bridges were blown up communications were disrupted 00:14:05,110 --> 00:14:05,120 blown up communications were disrupted 00:14:05,120 --> 00:14:08,790 blown up communications were disrupted ammunition depos were raided many B 00:14:08,790 --> 00:14:08,800 ammunition depos were raided many B 00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:10,509 ammunition depos were raided many B commanders were armed with British 00:14:10,509 --> 00:14:10,519 commanders were armed with British 00:14:10,519 --> 00:14:12,829 commanders were armed with British rifles British ammunition and even items 00:14:12,829 --> 00:14:12,839 rifles British ammunition and even items 00:14:12,839 --> 00:14:15,269 rifles British ammunition and even items of British clothing although they might 00:14:15,269 --> 00:14:15,279 of British clothing although they might 00:14:15,279 --> 00:14:18,069 of British clothing although they might be lesser breeds without the law as 00:14:18,069 --> 00:14:18,079 be lesser breeds without the law as 00:14:18,079 --> 00:14:19,590 be lesser breeds without the law as Kipling once wrote they were 00:14:19,590 --> 00:14:19,600 Kipling once wrote they were 00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:21,590 Kipling once wrote they were tremendously good Fighters superb 00:14:21,590 --> 00:14:21,600 tremendously good Fighters superb 00:14:21,600 --> 00:14:24,310 tremendously good Fighters superb marksmen able to escape from a battle 00:14:24,310 --> 00:14:24,320 marksmen able to escape from a battle 00:14:24,320 --> 00:14:27,030 marksmen able to escape from a battle and come in at a different angle almost 00:14:27,030 --> 00:14:27,040 and come in at a different angle almost 00:14:27,040 --> 00:14:29,590 and come in at a different angle almost immediately uh good night Fighters all 00:14:29,590 --> 00:14:29,600 immediately uh good night Fighters all 00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:31,269 immediately uh good night Fighters all the sort of things that the British 00:14:31,269 --> 00:14:31,279 the sort of things that the British 00:14:31,279 --> 00:14:34,189 the sort of things that the British actually hadn't been um preparing for 00:14:34,189 --> 00:14:34,199 actually hadn't been um preparing for 00:14:34,199 --> 00:14:38,910 actually hadn't been um preparing for and weren't very good 00:14:38,910 --> 00:14:38,920 00:14:38,920 --> 00:14:41,949 at the British army tried to transform 00:14:41,949 --> 00:14:41,959 at the British army tried to transform 00:14:41,959 --> 00:14:44,150 at the British army tried to transform their slow moving troops into mounted 00:14:44,150 --> 00:14:44,160 their slow moving troops into mounted 00:14:44,160 --> 00:14:46,749 their slow moving troops into mounted infantry great numbers of reinforcements 00:14:46,749 --> 00:14:46,759 infantry great numbers of reinforcements 00:14:46,759 --> 00:14:48,710 infantry great numbers of reinforcements arrived from the colonies especially 00:14:48,710 --> 00:14:48,720 arrived from the colonies especially 00:14:48,720 --> 00:14:53,389 arrived from the colonies especially Australia New Zealand and 00:14:53,389 --> 00:14:53,399 00:14:53,399 --> 00:14:56,230 Canada Australians were good Horsemen 00:14:56,230 --> 00:14:56,240 Canada Australians were good Horsemen 00:14:56,240 --> 00:14:58,110 Canada Australians were good Horsemen and were soon able to fight the bus on 00:14:58,110 --> 00:14:58,120 and were soon able to fight the bus on 00:14:58,120 --> 00:15:04,310 and were soon able to fight the bus on the same level in the the 00:15:04,310 --> 00:15:04,320 00:15:04,320 --> 00:15:08,990 field for the period from September 1899 00:15:08,990 --> 00:15:09,000 field for the period from September 1899 00:15:09,000 --> 00:15:11,829 field for the period from September 1899 onwards one has a situation in which a 00:15:11,829 --> 00:15:11,839 onwards one has a situation in which a 00:15:11,839 --> 00:15:14,629 onwards one has a situation in which a British Army which by the beginning of 00:15:14,629 --> 00:15:14,639 British Army which by the beginning of 00:15:14,639 --> 00:15:17,749 British Army which by the beginning of the following year is numbering 200,000 00:15:17,749 --> 00:15:17,759 the following year is numbering 200,000 00:15:17,759 --> 00:15:22,030 the following year is numbering 200,000 troops in South Africa are facing boa 00:15:22,030 --> 00:15:22,040 troops in South Africa are facing boa 00:15:22,040 --> 00:15:25,069 troops in South Africa are facing boa Commandos fighting a Guerilla war of no 00:15:25,069 --> 00:15:25,079 Commandos fighting a Guerilla war of no 00:15:25,079 --> 00:15:26,189 Commandos fighting a Guerilla war of no more than 00:15:26,189 --> 00:15:26,199 more than 00:15:26,199 --> 00:15:29,629 more than 25,000 they figured that well 00:15:29,629 --> 00:15:29,639 25,000 they figured that well 00:15:29,639 --> 00:15:31,069 25,000 they figured that well this huge 00:15:31,069 --> 00:15:31,079 this huge 00:15:31,079 --> 00:15:35,309 this huge elephant uh if you put an ant into 00:15:35,309 --> 00:15:35,319 elephant uh if you put an ant into 00:15:35,319 --> 00:15:39,269 elephant uh if you put an ant into its into its trunk and it itches there 00:15:39,269 --> 00:15:39,279 its into its trunk and it itches there 00:15:39,279 --> 00:15:40,470 its into its trunk and it itches there uh it's going to cause a lot of 00:15:40,470 --> 00:15:40,480 uh it's going to cause a lot of 00:15:40,480 --> 00:15:42,749 uh it's going to cause a lot of irritation so there was a great deal of 00:15:42,749 --> 00:15:42,759 irritation so there was a great deal of 00:15:42,759 --> 00:15:46,230 irritation so there was a great deal of frustration among the British who had um 00:15:46,230 --> 00:15:46,240 frustration among the British who had um 00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:49,550 frustration among the British who had um expected to be home after about 6 months 00:15:49,550 --> 00:15:49,560 expected to be home after about 6 months 00:15:49,560 --> 00:15:50,749 expected to be home after about 6 months of 00:15:50,749 --> 00:15:50,759 of 00:15:50,759 --> 00:15:54,430 of War and the scorched Earth policy was 00:15:54,430 --> 00:15:54,440 War and the scorched Earth policy was 00:15:54,440 --> 00:15:56,430 War and the scorched Earth policy was partly due to that 00:15:56,430 --> 00:15:56,440 partly due to that 00:15:56,440 --> 00:15:59,309 partly due to that frustration the scorched Earth policy 00:15:59,309 --> 00:15:59,319 frustration the scorched Earth policy 00:15:59,319 --> 00:16:03,189 frustration the scorched Earth policy was something that developed over a year 00:16:03,189 --> 00:16:03,199 was something that developed over a year 00:16:03,199 --> 00:16:06,350 was something that developed over a year during 1900 with Lord Roberts in ptor on 00:16:06,350 --> 00:16:06,360 during 1900 with Lord Roberts in ptor on 00:16:06,360 --> 00:16:09,110 during 1900 with Lord Roberts in ptor on the 5th of June he found himself 00:16:09,110 --> 00:16:09,120 the 5th of June he found himself 00:16:09,120 --> 00:16:11,949 the 5th of June he found himself isolated from the outside world 2 days 00:16:11,949 --> 00:16:11,959 isolated from the outside world 2 days 00:16:11,959 --> 00:16:15,269 isolated from the outside world 2 days later telegraphically because General 00:16:15,269 --> 00:16:15,279 later telegraphically because General 00:16:15,279 --> 00:16:18,990 later telegraphically because General Christian DEET had attacked his Supply 00:16:18,990 --> 00:16:19,000 Christian DEET had attacked his Supply 00:16:19,000 --> 00:16:21,990 Christian DEET had attacked his Supply columns at reval in the Free State and 00:16:21,990 --> 00:16:22,000 columns at reval in the Free State and 00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:24,829 columns at reval in the Free State and also cut the telegraph Communications 00:16:24,829 --> 00:16:24,839 also cut the telegraph Communications 00:16:24,839 --> 00:16:27,389 also cut the telegraph Communications and the way to punish the boers who were 00:16:27,389 --> 00:16:27,399 and the way to punish the boers who were 00:16:27,399 --> 00:16:29,710 and the way to punish the boers who were attacking this line was was with a new 00:16:29,710 --> 00:16:29,720 attacking this line was was with a new 00:16:29,720 --> 00:16:33,230 attacking this line was was with a new Proclamation on the 16th of June 1900 it 00:16:33,230 --> 00:16:33,240 Proclamation on the 16th of June 1900 it 00:16:33,240 --> 00:16:36,150 Proclamation on the 16th of June 1900 it seems to me it was like a horse fly 00:16:36,150 --> 00:16:36,160 seems to me it was like a horse fly 00:16:36,160 --> 00:16:37,509 seems to me it was like a horse fly stinging a 00:16:37,509 --> 00:16:37,519 stinging a 00:16:37,519 --> 00:16:41,829 stinging a horse Roberts obviously lost his temper 00:16:41,829 --> 00:16:41,839 horse Roberts obviously lost his temper 00:16:41,839 --> 00:16:46,670 horse Roberts obviously lost his temper he ordered no longer would he be so 00:16:46,670 --> 00:16:46,680 he ordered no longer would he be so 00:16:46,680 --> 00:16:49,670 he ordered no longer would he be so kind he didn't say burn the houses he 00:16:49,670 --> 00:16:49,680 kind he didn't say burn the houses he 00:16:49,680 --> 00:16:52,309 kind he didn't say burn the houses he said blow them up and Lord Robert said 00:16:52,309 --> 00:16:52,319 said blow them up and Lord Robert said 00:16:52,319 --> 00:16:55,670 said blow them up and Lord Robert said to his offices to burn down the farm 00:16:55,670 --> 00:16:55,680 to his offices to burn down the farm 00:16:55,680 --> 00:16:58,189 to his offices to burn down the farm closest to such an attack on the railway 00:16:58,189 --> 00:16:58,199 closest to such an attack on the railway 00:16:58,199 --> 00:17:00,949 closest to such an attack on the railway line and I can think of no better 00:17:00,949 --> 00:17:00,959 line and I can think of no better 00:17:00,959 --> 00:17:03,829 line and I can think of no better example than Christian De vet's 00:17:03,829 --> 00:17:03,839 example than Christian De vet's 00:17:03,839 --> 00:17:07,990 example than Christian De vet's Farmstead on his farm raport near roval 00:17:07,990 --> 00:17:08,000 Farmstead on his farm raport near roval 00:17:08,000 --> 00:17:10,909 Farmstead on his farm raport near roval and this was burnt on the morning of 16 00:17:10,909 --> 00:17:10,919 and this was burnt on the morning of 16 00:17:10,919 --> 00:17:14,510 and this was burnt on the morning of 16 June 1900 and then he began saying any 00:17:14,510 --> 00:17:14,520 June 1900 and then he began saying any 00:17:14,520 --> 00:17:18,189 June 1900 and then he began saying any houses within a radius of one mile of 00:17:18,189 --> 00:17:18,199 houses within a radius of one mile of 00:17:18,199 --> 00:17:20,669 houses within a radius of one mile of where the railway was blown up those 00:17:20,669 --> 00:17:20,679 where the railway was blown up those 00:17:20,679 --> 00:17:22,750 where the railway was blown up those houses must be blown up and that people 00:17:22,750 --> 00:17:22,760 houses must be blown up and that people 00:17:22,760 --> 00:17:25,590 houses must be blown up and that people taken prisoners of War later he said 00:17:25,590 --> 00:17:25,600 taken prisoners of War later he said 00:17:25,600 --> 00:17:29,190 taken prisoners of War later he said within 10 square miles everything be 00:17:29,190 --> 00:17:29,200 within 10 square miles everything be 00:17:29,200 --> 00:17:33,990 within 10 square miles everything be blown up that is a major area I mean if 00:17:33,990 --> 00:17:34,000 blown up that is a major area I mean if 00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:36,870 blown up that is a major area I mean if you take that as a radius you've got 00:17:36,870 --> 00:17:36,880 you take that as a radius you've got 00:17:36,880 --> 00:17:41,870 you take that as a radius you've got almost 250 square miles I think that is 00:17:41,870 --> 00:17:41,880 almost 250 square miles I think that is 00:17:41,880 --> 00:17:45,029 almost 250 square miles I think that is burned down because of one incident and 00:17:45,029 --> 00:17:45,039 burned down because of one incident and 00:17:45,039 --> 00:17:47,230 burned down because of one incident and this was a dramatic new step in the 00:17:47,230 --> 00:17:47,240 this was a dramatic new step in the 00:17:47,240 --> 00:17:50,230 this was a dramatic new step in the direction of scorched Earth Lord Roberts 00:17:50,230 --> 00:17:50,240 direction of scorched Earth Lord Roberts 00:17:50,240 --> 00:17:53,029 direction of scorched Earth Lord Roberts who had spent a lot of time in 00:17:53,029 --> 00:17:53,039 who had spent a lot of time in 00:17:53,039 --> 00:17:55,750 who had spent a lot of time in India carried it out there after he'd 00:17:55,750 --> 00:17:55,760 India carried it out there after he'd 00:17:55,760 --> 00:17:58,590 India carried it out there after he'd won his Victoria cross with startling 00:17:58,590 --> 00:17:58,600 won his Victoria cross with startling 00:17:58,600 --> 00:18:02,789 won his Victoria cross with startling result results he found that um if 00:18:02,789 --> 00:18:02,799 result results he found that um if 00:18:02,799 --> 00:18:04,549 result results he found that um if anybody was 00:18:04,549 --> 00:18:04,559 anybody was 00:18:04,559 --> 00:18:06,580 anybody was ay burn the place 00:18:06,580 --> 00:18:06,590 ay burn the place 00:18:06,590 --> 00:18:14,270 ay burn the place [Music] 00:18:14,270 --> 00:18:14,280 [Music] 00:18:14,280 --> 00:18:18,070 [Music] down on the 29th of November 1900 Lord 00:18:18,070 --> 00:18:18,080 down on the 29th of November 1900 Lord 00:18:18,080 --> 00:18:20,669 down on the 29th of November 1900 Lord Roberts handed over command as command 00:18:20,669 --> 00:18:20,679 Roberts handed over command as command 00:18:20,679 --> 00:18:22,070 Roberts handed over command as command in- chief of the British forces in South 00:18:22,070 --> 00:18:22,080 in- chief of the British forces in South 00:18:22,080 --> 00:18:24,430 in- chief of the British forces in South Africa to his successor Lord kitner and 00:18:24,430 --> 00:18:24,440 Africa to his successor Lord kitner and 00:18:24,440 --> 00:18:26,070 Africa to his successor Lord kitner and Lord Roberts was convinced as a matter 00:18:26,070 --> 00:18:26,080 Lord Roberts was convinced as a matter 00:18:26,080 --> 00:18:27,909 Lord Roberts was convinced as a matter of fact he actually put this in writing 00:18:27,909 --> 00:18:27,919 of fact he actually put this in writing 00:18:27,919 --> 00:18:30,669 of fact he actually put this in writing that only police work was now left early 00:18:30,669 --> 00:18:30,679 that only police work was now left early 00:18:30,679 --> 00:18:32,950 that only police work was now left early on kitchen is Keen on coming to an 00:18:32,950 --> 00:18:32,960 on kitchen is Keen on coming to an 00:18:32,960 --> 00:18:34,750 on kitchen is Keen on coming to an honorable pece with bu generals who he 00:18:34,750 --> 00:18:34,760 honorable pece with bu generals who he 00:18:34,760 --> 00:18:36,990 honorable pece with bu generals who he actually does respect in fact as as 00:18:36,990 --> 00:18:37,000 actually does respect in fact as as 00:18:37,000 --> 00:18:39,510 actually does respect in fact as as opponents but when they don't see reason 00:18:39,510 --> 00:18:39,520 opponents but when they don't see reason 00:18:39,520 --> 00:18:40,909 opponents but when they don't see reason in his 00:18:40,909 --> 00:18:40,919 in his 00:18:40,919 --> 00:18:44,430 in his terms then it seems to me that um all 00:18:44,430 --> 00:18:44,440 terms then it seems to me that um all 00:18:44,440 --> 00:18:45,909 terms then it seems to me that um all the nities the gloves come off 00:18:45,909 --> 00:18:45,919 the nities the gloves come off 00:18:45,919 --> 00:18:48,029 the nities the gloves come off completely and and kitchen is absolutely 00:18:48,029 --> 00:18:48,039 completely and and kitchen is absolutely 00:18:48,039 --> 00:18:51,510 completely and and kitchen is absolutely ruthless his main aim was to end the war 00:18:51,510 --> 00:18:51,520 ruthless his main aim was to end the war 00:18:51,520 --> 00:18:53,510 ruthless his main aim was to end the war and as soon as possible because he 00:18:53,510 --> 00:18:53,520 and as soon as possible because he 00:18:53,520 --> 00:18:54,990 and as soon as possible because he wanted to go off to 00:18:54,990 --> 00:18:55,000 wanted to go off to 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:57,549 wanted to go off to India he wanted to become the viceo of 00:18:57,549 --> 00:18:57,559 India he wanted to become the viceo of 00:18:57,559 --> 00:18:59,110 India he wanted to become the viceo of India 00:18:59,110 --> 00:18:59,120 India 00:18:59,120 --> 00:19:01,470 India kitchener's bad reputation has a lot to 00:19:01,470 --> 00:19:01,480 kitchener's bad reputation has a lot to 00:19:01,480 --> 00:19:04,070 kitchener's bad reputation has a lot to do with the the farm burning it has a 00:19:04,070 --> 00:19:04,080 do with the the farm burning it has a 00:19:04,080 --> 00:19:05,549 do with the the farm burning it has a lot to do with the destruction of the 00:19:05,549 --> 00:19:05,559 lot to do with the destruction of the 00:19:05,559 --> 00:19:08,430 lot to do with the destruction of the countryside with burning of farmhouses 00:19:08,430 --> 00:19:08,440 countryside with burning of farmhouses 00:19:08,440 --> 00:19:11,190 countryside with burning of farmhouses the destruction of herds the the hering 00:19:11,190 --> 00:19:11,200 the destruction of herds the the hering 00:19:11,200 --> 00:19:12,549 the destruction of herds the the hering of women and children into the 00:19:12,549 --> 00:19:12,559 of women and children into the 00:19:12,559 --> 00:19:14,350 of women and children into the concentration camps with the dire 00:19:14,350 --> 00:19:14,360 concentration camps with the dire 00:19:14,360 --> 00:19:16,710 concentration camps with the dire consequences that that had the scorched 00:19:16,710 --> 00:19:16,720 consequences that that had the scorched 00:19:16,720 --> 00:19:19,750 consequences that that had the scorched Earth policy was partly a reflection of 00:19:19,750 --> 00:19:19,760 Earth policy was partly a reflection of 00:19:19,760 --> 00:19:21,430 Earth policy was partly a reflection of of kitchener's cast of mind I think 00:19:21,430 --> 00:19:21,440 of kitchener's cast of mind I think 00:19:21,440 --> 00:19:24,029 of kitchener's cast of mind I think kiter is one of those great iconic 00:19:24,029 --> 00:19:24,039 kiter is one of those great iconic 00:19:24,039 --> 00:19:26,190 kiter is one of those great iconic heroic figures in British history but in 00:19:26,190 --> 00:19:26,200 heroic figures in British history but in 00:19:26,200 --> 00:19:27,750 heroic figures in British history but in fact he's an extremely unpleasant piece 00:19:27,750 --> 00:19:27,760 fact he's an extremely unpleasant piece 00:19:27,760 --> 00:19:29,909 fact he's an extremely unpleasant piece of work in many ways I don't want to 00:19:29,909 --> 00:19:29,919 of work in many ways I don't want to 00:19:29,919 --> 00:19:31,789 of work in many ways I don't want to defend kitner I think he was a brutal 00:19:31,789 --> 00:19:31,799 defend kitner I think he was a brutal 00:19:31,799 --> 00:19:34,470 defend kitner I think he was a brutal man I think his record was of extreme 00:19:34,470 --> 00:19:34,480 man I think his record was of extreme 00:19:34,480 --> 00:19:36,390 man I think his record was of extreme indifference to put it mildly to the 00:19:36,390 --> 00:19:36,400 indifference to put it mildly to the 00:19:36,400 --> 00:19:39,830 indifference to put it mildly to the sufferings of his soldiers his own men 00:19:39,830 --> 00:19:39,840 sufferings of his soldiers his own men 00:19:39,840 --> 00:19:42,750 sufferings of his soldiers his own men died in dust storms without water his 00:19:42,750 --> 00:19:42,760 died in dust storms without water his 00:19:42,760 --> 00:19:45,029 died in dust storms without water his record to wounded of the enemy the 00:19:45,029 --> 00:19:45,039 record to wounded of the enemy the 00:19:45,039 --> 00:19:47,870 record to wounded of the enemy the dervishes after Oman not providing any 00:19:47,870 --> 00:19:47,880 dervishes after Oman not providing any 00:19:47,880 --> 00:19:50,029 dervishes after Oman not providing any assistance for them letting them die in 00:19:50,029 --> 00:19:50,039 assistance for them letting them die in 00:19:50,039 --> 00:19:52,350 assistance for them letting them die in appalling way on the battlefield after 00:19:52,350 --> 00:19:52,360 appalling way on the battlefield after 00:19:52,360 --> 00:19:55,430 appalling way on the battlefield after his victory I mean his record is 00:19:55,430 --> 00:19:55,440 his victory I mean his record is 00:19:55,440 --> 00:19:57,510 his victory I mean his record is extremely bad in fact he writes to his 00:19:57,510 --> 00:19:57,520 extremely bad in fact he writes to his 00:19:57,520 --> 00:20:00,149 extremely bad in fact he writes to his nephew School that The Bu don't fight 00:20:00,149 --> 00:20:00,159 nephew School that The Bu don't fight 00:20:00,159 --> 00:20:01,950 nephew School that The Bu don't fight fair they're always jumping on their 00:20:01,950 --> 00:20:01,960 fair they're always jumping on their 00:20:01,960 --> 00:20:05,230 fair they're always jumping on their little ponies and running away and they 00:20:05,230 --> 00:20:05,240 little ponies and running away and they 00:20:05,240 --> 00:20:06,669 little ponies and running away and they he says they don't fight fair like the 00:20:06,669 --> 00:20:06,679 he says they don't fight fair like the 00:20:06,679 --> 00:20:08,310 he says they don't fight fair like the sudin and of course we need to remember 00:20:08,310 --> 00:20:08,320 sudin and of course we need to remember 00:20:08,320 --> 00:20:11,950 sudin and of course we need to remember that at omdurman 1896 Kina led the 00:20:11,950 --> 00:20:11,960 that at omdurman 1896 Kina led the 00:20:11,960 --> 00:20:13,830 that at omdurman 1896 Kina led the British Army against the sudin and 00:20:13,830 --> 00:20:13,840 British Army against the sudin and 00:20:13,840 --> 00:20:17,590 British Army against the sudin and massacred I mean killed I forget 30 00:20:17,590 --> 00:20:17,600 massacred I mean killed I forget 30 00:20:17,600 --> 00:20:20,950 massacred I mean killed I forget 30 40,000 sudanes peasants machine gun them 00:20:20,950 --> 00:20:20,960 40,000 sudanes peasants machine gun them 00:20:20,960 --> 00:20:23,430 40,000 sudanes peasants machine gun them down for the cost of about 27 British 00:20:23,430 --> 00:20:23,440 down for the cost of about 27 British 00:20:23,440 --> 00:20:25,830 down for the cost of about 27 British soldiers but for kitchen that was a fair 00:20:25,830 --> 00:20:25,840 soldiers but for kitchen that was a fair 00:20:25,840 --> 00:20:27,630 soldiers but for kitchen that was a fair fight because they came on he's an 00:20:27,630 --> 00:20:27,640 fight because they came on he's an 00:20:27,640 --> 00:20:30,830 fight because they came on he's an astonishing um complex human being 00:20:30,830 --> 00:20:30,840 astonishing um complex human being 00:20:30,840 --> 00:20:33,669 astonishing um complex human being Kitchener he liked flower arranging and 00:20:33,669 --> 00:20:33,679 Kitchener he liked flower arranging and 00:20:33,679 --> 00:20:35,270 Kitchener he liked flower arranging and um Chinese porcelain and things you 00:20:35,270 --> 00:20:35,280 um Chinese porcelain and things you 00:20:35,280 --> 00:20:37,630 um Chinese porcelain and things you don't really expect in the man who also 00:20:37,630 --> 00:20:37,640 don't really expect in the man who also 00:20:37,640 --> 00:20:41,549 don't really expect in the man who also relieved um Oman and uh and 00:20:41,549 --> 00:20:41,559 relieved um Oman and uh and 00:20:41,559 --> 00:20:45,070 relieved um Oman and uh and cartoon he was utterly driven he 00:20:45,070 --> 00:20:45,080 cartoon he was utterly driven he 00:20:45,080 --> 00:20:48,270 cartoon he was utterly driven he worshiped the Army uh he had his own 00:20:48,270 --> 00:20:48,280 worshiped the Army uh he had his own 00:20:48,280 --> 00:20:50,669 worshiped the Army uh he had his own very strong and strict code of ethics he 00:20:50,669 --> 00:20:50,679 very strong and strict code of ethics he 00:20:50,679 --> 00:20:54,669 very strong and strict code of ethics he was a very strong 00:20:54,669 --> 00:20:54,679 00:20:54,679 --> 00:20:56,669 Christian kitchena came with a 00:20:56,669 --> 00:20:56,679 Christian kitchena came with a 00:20:56,679 --> 00:20:59,470 Christian kitchena came with a three-fold strategy of Total War four 00:20:59,470 --> 00:20:59,480 three-fold strategy of Total War four 00:20:59,480 --> 00:21:03,149 three-fold strategy of Total War four first Farm burnings or scorched Earth 00:21:03,149 --> 00:21:03,159 first Farm burnings or scorched Earth 00:21:03,159 --> 00:21:05,750 first Farm burnings or scorched Earth secondly the use of concentration camps 00:21:05,750 --> 00:21:05,760 secondly the use of concentration camps 00:21:05,760 --> 00:21:08,909 secondly the use of concentration camps for civilians and third the Blockhouse 00:21:08,909 --> 00:21:08,919 for civilians and third the Blockhouse 00:21:08,919 --> 00:21:11,390 for civilians and third the Blockhouse lines with barbed wire entanglements 00:21:11,390 --> 00:21:11,400 lines with barbed wire entanglements 00:21:11,400 --> 00:21:14,310 lines with barbed wire entanglements right across South 00:21:14,310 --> 00:21:14,320 00:21:14,320 --> 00:21:17,430 Africa it's an astounding fact note that 00:21:17,430 --> 00:21:17,440 Africa it's an astounding fact note that 00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:19,750 Africa it's an astounding fact note that 8,000 of these blockhouses of various 00:21:19,750 --> 00:21:19,760 8,000 of these blockhouses of various 00:21:19,760 --> 00:21:22,430 8,000 of these blockhouses of various designs were built all over the 00:21:22,430 --> 00:21:22,440 designs were built all over the 00:21:22,440 --> 00:21:24,630 designs were built all over the country block housee lines were 00:21:24,630 --> 00:21:24,640 country block housee lines were 00:21:24,640 --> 00:21:26,710 country block housee lines were initially built at Great expense along 00:21:26,710 --> 00:21:26,720 initially built at Great expense along 00:21:26,720 --> 00:21:28,909 initially built at Great expense along the railways to prevent the bo from 00:21:28,909 --> 00:21:28,919 the railways to prevent the bo from 00:21:28,919 --> 00:21:30,549 the railways to prevent the bo from attacking the vulnerable communication 00:21:30,549 --> 00:21:30,559 attacking the vulnerable communication 00:21:30,559 --> 00:21:34,110 attacking the vulnerable communication and supply lines of the 00:21:34,110 --> 00:21:34,120 00:21:34,120 --> 00:21:36,750 British later these blockhouses 00:21:36,750 --> 00:21:36,760 British later these blockhouses 00:21:36,760 --> 00:21:38,669 British later these blockhouses connected by barbed wire were built 00:21:38,669 --> 00:21:38,679 connected by barbed wire were built 00:21:38,679 --> 00:21:41,070 connected by barbed wire were built crisscross through the felt as well as 00:21:41,070 --> 00:21:41,080 crisscross through the felt as well as 00:21:41,080 --> 00:21:43,390 crisscross through the felt as well as Lord kiter put it in one of his letters 00:21:43,390 --> 00:21:43,400 Lord kiter put it in one of his letters 00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:45,230 Lord kiter put it in one of his letters the purpose was to divide the country 00:21:45,230 --> 00:21:45,240 the purpose was to divide the country 00:21:45,240 --> 00:21:47,549 the purpose was to divide the country into paddocks to lessen the freedom of 00:21:47,549 --> 00:21:47,559 into paddocks to lessen the freedom of 00:21:47,559 --> 00:21:51,070 into paddocks to lessen the freedom of maneuver of The Bu Commandos The Bu 00:21:51,070 --> 00:21:51,080 maneuver of The Bu Commandos The Bu 00:21:51,080 --> 00:21:53,950 maneuver of The Bu Commandos The Bu Guerilla Fighters succeeded in getting 00:21:53,950 --> 00:21:53,960 Guerilla Fighters succeeded in getting 00:21:53,960 --> 00:21:56,909 Guerilla Fighters succeeded in getting through these bobbed wire fences and 00:21:56,909 --> 00:21:56,919 through these bobbed wire fences and 00:21:56,919 --> 00:21:59,149 through these bobbed wire fences and moved at their own free will especially 00:21:59,149 --> 00:21:59,159 moved at their own free will especially 00:21:59,159 --> 00:22:00,590 moved at their own free will especially under the leadership of people like 00:22:00,590 --> 00:22:00,600 under the leadership of people like 00:22:00,600 --> 00:22:03,630 under the leadership of people like General devet who actually became a 00:22:03,630 --> 00:22:03,640 General devet who actually became a 00:22:03,640 --> 00:22:06,190 General devet who actually became a secondary objective of the war there 00:22:06,190 --> 00:22:06,200 secondary objective of the war there 00:22:06,200 --> 00:22:08,590 secondary objective of the war there were several attempts just to catch 00:22:08,590 --> 00:22:08,600 were several attempts just to catch 00:22:08,600 --> 00:22:12,909 were several attempts just to catch theet a um saddle bag of uh general 00:22:12,909 --> 00:22:12,919 theet a um saddle bag of uh general 00:22:12,919 --> 00:22:16,470 theet a um saddle bag of uh general devet or one of his Messengers rather 00:22:16,470 --> 00:22:16,480 devet or one of his Messengers rather 00:22:16,480 --> 00:22:19,269 devet or one of his Messengers rather was captured and in there the board 00:22:19,269 --> 00:22:19,279 was captured and in there the board 00:22:19,279 --> 00:22:20,990 was captured and in there the board leaders was describing that they're not 00:22:20,990 --> 00:22:21,000 leaders was describing that they're not 00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:22,430 leaders was describing that they're not going to 00:22:22,430 --> 00:22:22,440 going to 00:22:22,440 --> 00:22:25,110 going to quit and kitchener's 00:22:25,110 --> 00:22:25,120 quit and kitchener's 00:22:25,120 --> 00:22:29,430 quit and kitchener's reaction now we will show them if that's 00:22:29,430 --> 00:22:29,440 reaction now we will show them if that's 00:22:29,440 --> 00:22:32,909 reaction now we will show them if that's the way they want it we will destroy 00:22:32,909 --> 00:22:32,919 the way they want it we will destroy 00:22:32,919 --> 00:22:35,549 the way they want it we will destroy this place literally a nation a 00:22:35,549 --> 00:22:35,559 this place literally a nation a 00:22:35,559 --> 00:22:38,549 this place literally a nation a Civilized Nation lost its temper against 00:22:38,549 --> 00:22:38,559 Civilized Nation lost its temper against 00:22:38,559 --> 00:22:42,630 Civilized Nation lost its temper against two of the smallest republics in the 00:22:42,630 --> 00:22:42,640 two of the smallest republics in the 00:22:42,640 --> 00:22:51,390 two of the smallest republics in the [Music] 00:22:51,390 --> 00:22:51,400 00:22:51,400 --> 00:22:54,750 world approximately 30,000 bu Farms were 00:22:54,750 --> 00:22:54,760 world approximately 30,000 bu Farms were 00:22:54,760 --> 00:22:57,430 world approximately 30,000 bu Farms were either totally or partially uh destroyed 00:22:57,430 --> 00:22:57,440 either totally or partially uh destroyed 00:22:57,440 --> 00:22:59,029 either totally or partially uh destroyed most of the Farms were blown up with 00:22:59,029 --> 00:22:59,039 most of the Farms were blown up with 00:22:59,039 --> 00:23:01,310 most of the Farms were blown up with dynamite or were burned down as well as 00:23:01,310 --> 00:23:01,320 dynamite or were burned down as well as 00:23:01,320 --> 00:23:03,909 dynamite or were burned down as well as approximately 40 towns smaller towns and 00:23:03,909 --> 00:23:03,919 approximately 40 towns smaller towns and 00:23:03,919 --> 00:23:06,310 approximately 40 towns smaller towns and also Villages were either totally or 00:23:06,310 --> 00:23:06,320 also Villages were either totally or 00:23:06,320 --> 00:23:08,350 also Villages were either totally or partially destroyed by the British 00:23:08,350 --> 00:23:08,360 partially destroyed by the British 00:23:08,360 --> 00:23:11,669 partially destroyed by the British including a few of the 00:23:11,669 --> 00:23:11,679 including a few of the 00:23:11,679 --> 00:23:15,310 including a few of the churches when kitchen took over he set 00:23:15,310 --> 00:23:15,320 churches when kitchen took over he set 00:23:15,320 --> 00:23:17,710 churches when kitchen took over he set everything on fire he shot all the sheep 00:23:17,710 --> 00:23:17,720 everything on fire he shot all the sheep 00:23:17,720 --> 00:23:18,870 everything on fire he shot all the sheep and the 00:23:18,870 --> 00:23:18,880 and the 00:23:18,880 --> 00:23:21,070 and the cattle look when they came here the 00:23:21,070 --> 00:23:21,080 cattle look when they came here the 00:23:21,080 --> 00:23:22,990 cattle look when they came here the English they wanted to kill everything 00:23:22,990 --> 00:23:23,000 English they wanted to kill everything 00:23:23,000 --> 00:23:25,350 English they wanted to kill everything on the farmyard even the chickens I 00:23:25,350 --> 00:23:25,360 on the farmyard even the chickens I 00:23:25,360 --> 00:23:27,110 on the farmyard even the chickens I remember my grandmother told us how they 00:23:27,110 --> 00:23:27,120 remember my grandmother told us how they 00:23:27,120 --> 00:23:32,350 remember my grandmother told us how they rung their necks 00:23:32,350 --> 00:23:32,360 00:23:32,360 --> 00:23:34,510 they came and took all the old people's 00:23:34,510 --> 00:23:34,520 they came and took all the old people's 00:23:34,520 --> 00:23:36,630 they came and took all the old people's chickens they took them and hung them 00:23:36,630 --> 00:23:36,640 chickens they took them and hung them 00:23:36,640 --> 00:23:39,750 chickens they took them and hung them from the Saddles and off they 00:23:39,750 --> 00:23:39,760 from the Saddles and off they 00:23:39,760 --> 00:23:46,549 from the Saddles and off they went that's what the English 00:23:46,549 --> 00:23:46,559 00:23:46,559 --> 00:23:49,230 did and what still makes me sick to this 00:23:49,230 --> 00:23:49,240 did and what still makes me sick to this 00:23:49,240 --> 00:23:51,269 did and what still makes me sick to this day is that they shot all the animals in 00:23:51,269 --> 00:23:51,279 day is that they shot all the animals in 00:23:51,279 --> 00:23:53,750 day is that they shot all the animals in their pins and what also makes me sick 00:23:53,750 --> 00:23:53,760 their pins and what also makes me sick 00:23:53,760 --> 00:23:56,430 their pins and what also makes me sick is how horses suffered in the 00:23:56,430 --> 00:23:56,440 is how horses suffered in the 00:23:56,440 --> 00:24:00,029 is how horses suffered in the War the British had a a problem but what 00:24:00,029 --> 00:24:00,039 War the British had a a problem but what 00:24:00,039 --> 00:24:02,110 War the British had a a problem but what could they do their orders were to 00:24:02,110 --> 00:24:02,120 could they do their orders were to 00:24:02,120 --> 00:24:04,149 could they do their orders were to destroy the farms and the animals and 00:24:04,149 --> 00:24:04,159 destroy the farms and the animals and 00:24:04,159 --> 00:24:06,669 destroy the farms and the animals and you know the British love their dogs and 00:24:06,669 --> 00:24:06,679 you know the British love their dogs and 00:24:06,679 --> 00:24:09,750 you know the British love their dogs and their horses it must have been very 00:24:09,750 --> 00:24:09,760 their horses it must have been very 00:24:09,760 --> 00:24:12,830 their horses it must have been very difficult now as much as the um 00:24:12,830 --> 00:24:12,840 difficult now as much as the um 00:24:12,840 --> 00:24:14,789 difficult now as much as the um justification was given from time to 00:24:14,789 --> 00:24:14,799 justification was given from time to 00:24:14,799 --> 00:24:19,269 justification was given from time to time that the Boman um supplied the 00:24:19,269 --> 00:24:19,279 time that the Boman um supplied the 00:24:19,279 --> 00:24:22,430 time that the Boman um supplied the Commandos from the houses the Boman flew 00:24:22,430 --> 00:24:22,440 Commandos from the houses the Boman flew 00:24:22,440 --> 00:24:24,669 Commandos from the houses the Boman flew White Flags the poor woman did this or 00:24:24,669 --> 00:24:24,679 White Flags the poor woman did this or 00:24:24,679 --> 00:24:27,870 White Flags the poor woman did this or did that there is still no justification 00:24:27,870 --> 00:24:27,880 did that there is still no justification 00:24:27,880 --> 00:24:30,149 did that there is still no justification for burning down a person's house even 00:24:30,149 --> 00:24:30,159 for burning down a person's house even 00:24:30,159 --> 00:24:32,230 for burning down a person's house even though war is war and then gleefully 00:24:32,230 --> 00:24:32,240 though war is war and then gleefully 00:24:32,240 --> 00:24:35,149 though war is war and then gleefully burn it down then take axes to pianos 00:24:35,149 --> 00:24:35,159 burn it down then take axes to pianos 00:24:35,159 --> 00:24:38,149 burn it down then take axes to pianos burn books in a prelu to a time that was 00:24:38,149 --> 00:24:38,159 burn books in a prelu to a time that was 00:24:38,159 --> 00:24:40,070 burn books in a prelu to a time that was yet to come in the second world war 00:24:40,070 --> 00:24:40,080 yet to come in the second world war 00:24:40,080 --> 00:24:42,909 yet to come in the second world war destroy musical instruments break open 00:24:42,909 --> 00:24:42,919 destroy musical instruments break open 00:24:42,919 --> 00:24:46,310 destroy musical instruments break open houses uh break open chests of drawers 00:24:46,310 --> 00:24:46,320 houses uh break open chests of drawers 00:24:46,320 --> 00:24:49,830 houses uh break open chests of drawers strew clothing around the place this was 00:24:49,830 --> 00:24:49,840 strew clothing around the place this was 00:24:49,840 --> 00:24:53,990 strew clothing around the place this was want and destruction my 00:24:53,990 --> 00:24:54,000 want and destruction my 00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:56,549 want and destruction my Omar my grandmother was from the cape 00:24:56,549 --> 00:24:56,559 Omar my grandmother was from the cape 00:24:56,559 --> 00:24:58,990 Omar my grandmother was from the cape and she was a highly educated woman 00:24:58,990 --> 00:24:59,000 and she was a highly educated woman 00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:00,590 and she was a highly educated woman she used to tell us how they set her 00:25:00,590 --> 00:25:00,600 she used to tell us how they set her 00:25:00,600 --> 00:25:02,669 she used to tell us how they set her house on fire and how she wanted to take 00:25:02,669 --> 00:25:02,679 house on fire and how she wanted to take 00:25:02,679 --> 00:25:04,870 house on fire and how she wanted to take a small writing table with her she tried 00:25:04,870 --> 00:25:04,880 a small writing table with her she tried 00:25:04,880 --> 00:25:06,669 a small writing table with her she tried to smuggle it out through a side door 00:25:06,669 --> 00:25:06,679 to smuggle it out through a side door 00:25:06,679 --> 00:25:08,950 to smuggle it out through a side door but she couldn't manage and so she only 00:25:08,950 --> 00:25:08,960 but she couldn't manage and so she only 00:25:08,960 --> 00:25:10,470 but she couldn't manage and so she only took out the little drawer with her 00:25:10,470 --> 00:25:10,480 took out the little drawer with her 00:25:10,480 --> 00:25:12,669 took out the little drawer with her jewelry and went outside and tried to 00:25:12,669 --> 00:25:12,679 jewelry and went outside and tried to 00:25:12,679 --> 00:25:17,269 jewelry and went outside and tried to get 00:25:17,269 --> 00:25:17,279 00:25:17,279 --> 00:25:20,029 away but one of the people who knew her 00:25:20,029 --> 00:25:20,039 away but one of the people who knew her 00:25:20,039 --> 00:25:23,750 away but one of the people who knew her well a joiner of course wrenched it from 00:25:23,750 --> 00:25:23,760 well a joiner of course wrenched it from 00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:27,149 well a joiner of course wrenched it from my hands and threw its contents onto the 00:25:27,149 --> 00:25:27,159 my hands and threw its contents onto the 00:25:27,159 --> 00:25:30,230 my hands and threw its contents onto the fire she never forgave him for that 00:25:30,230 --> 00:25:30,240 fire she never forgave him for that 00:25:30,240 --> 00:25:33,870 fire she never forgave him for that neither him nor his parents his family 00:25:33,870 --> 00:25:33,880 neither him nor his parents his family 00:25:33,880 --> 00:25:38,510 neither him nor his parents his family or his 00:25:38,510 --> 00:25:38,520 00:25:38,520 --> 00:25:41,230 offspring in the book of corner on the 00:25:41,230 --> 00:25:41,240 offspring in the book of corner on the 00:25:41,240 --> 00:25:43,990 offspring in the book of corner on the history of the 34th Battalion of the 00:25:43,990 --> 00:25:44,000 history of the 34th Battalion of the 00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:46,750 history of the 34th Battalion of the Imperial yry there's a very nice story 00:25:46,750 --> 00:25:46,760 Imperial yry there's a very nice story 00:25:46,760 --> 00:25:48,510 Imperial yry there's a very nice story where he explains how they actually 00:25:48,510 --> 00:25:48,520 where he explains how they actually 00:25:48,520 --> 00:25:51,350 where he explains how they actually carried a piano out of the bu house 00:25:51,350 --> 00:25:51,360 carried a piano out of the bu house 00:25:51,360 --> 00:25:54,549 carried a piano out of the bu house before they set it to Fire and a young 00:25:54,549 --> 00:25:54,559 before they set it to Fire and a young 00:25:54,559 --> 00:25:56,750 before they set it to Fire and a young woman of about 16 years 00:25:56,750 --> 00:25:56,760 woman of about 16 years 00:25:56,760 --> 00:26:00,789 woman of about 16 years old uh went out and in the open she sat 00:26:00,789 --> 00:26:00,799 old uh went out and in the open she sat 00:26:00,799 --> 00:26:03,870 old uh went out and in the open she sat down to play the piano and after she 00:26:03,870 --> 00:26:03,880 down to play the piano and after she 00:26:03,880 --> 00:26:06,230 down to play the piano and after she finished she she turned to the soldiers 00:26:06,230 --> 00:26:06,240 finished she she turned to the soldiers 00:26:06,240 --> 00:26:10,549 finished she she turned to the soldiers and and uh told them that uh God will 00:26:10,549 --> 00:26:10,559 and and uh told them that uh God will 00:26:10,559 --> 00:26:12,950 and and uh told them that uh God will curse you and of course there were many 00:26:12,950 --> 00:26:12,960 curse you and of course there were many 00:26:12,960 --> 00:26:15,470 curse you and of course there were many soldiers who didn't mind doing this lot 00:26:15,470 --> 00:26:15,480 soldiers who didn't mind doing this lot 00:26:15,480 --> 00:26:17,990 soldiers who didn't mind doing this lot of evidence of that soldiers who Rough 00:26:17,990 --> 00:26:18,000 of evidence of that soldiers who Rough 00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:19,870 of evidence of that soldiers who Rough House soldiers from Liverpool and 00:26:19,870 --> 00:26:19,880 House soldiers from Liverpool and 00:26:19,880 --> 00:26:21,630 House soldiers from Liverpool and Manchester who'd grown up in gang 00:26:21,630 --> 00:26:21,640 Manchester who'd grown up in gang 00:26:21,640 --> 00:26:24,269 Manchester who'd grown up in gang cultures in inner cities who quite 00:26:24,269 --> 00:26:24,279 cultures in inner cities who quite 00:26:24,279 --> 00:26:27,230 cultures in inner cities who quite enjoyed the violence and enjoyed burning 00:26:27,230 --> 00:26:27,240 enjoyed the violence and enjoyed burning 00:26:27,240 --> 00:26:30,590 enjoyed the violence and enjoyed burning farms and and sacking farmhouses but 00:26:30,590 --> 00:26:30,600 farms and and sacking farmhouses but 00:26:30,600 --> 00:26:33,110 farms and and sacking farmhouses but equally there were regular professional 00:26:33,110 --> 00:26:33,120 equally there were regular professional 00:26:33,120 --> 00:26:34,990 equally there were regular professional soldiers who didn't like doing that for 00:26:34,990 --> 00:26:35,000 soldiers who didn't like doing that for 00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:37,750 soldiers who didn't like doing that for whom war was not making War upon as they 00:26:37,750 --> 00:26:37,760 whom war was not making War upon as they 00:26:37,760 --> 00:26:39,269 whom war was not making War upon as they s women and 00:26:39,269 --> 00:26:39,279 s women and 00:26:39,279 --> 00:26:43,470 s women and children blomain 5 February 00:26:43,470 --> 00:26:43,480 children blomain 5 February 00:26:43,480 --> 00:26:47,549 children blomain 5 February 1902 I Yana Karina declare under oath 00:26:47,549 --> 00:26:47,559 1902 I Yana Karina declare under oath 00:26:47,559 --> 00:26:50,870 1902 I Yana Karina declare under oath that on the 22nd of January 1902 I was 00:26:50,870 --> 00:26:50,880 that on the 22nd of January 1902 I was 00:26:50,880 --> 00:26:53,870 that on the 22nd of January 1902 I was on the farm di with a 10-year-old girl 00:26:53,870 --> 00:26:53,880 on the farm di with a 10-year-old girl 00:26:53,880 --> 00:26:55,630 on the farm di with a 10-year-old girl named talita Yuni 00:26:55,630 --> 00:26:55,640 named talita Yuni 00:26:55,640 --> 00:26:58,350 named talita Yuni lez when Remington's troops marched 00:26:58,350 --> 00:26:58,360 lez when Remington's troops marched 00:26:58,360 --> 00:27:00,870 lez when Remington's troops marched across my farm I was assaulted by three 00:27:00,870 --> 00:27:00,880 across my farm I was assaulted by three 00:27:00,880 --> 00:27:01,710 across my farm I was assaulted by three of his 00:27:01,710 --> 00:27:01,720 of his 00:27:01,720 --> 00:27:04,269 of his soldiers two of them grabbed me and 00:27:04,269 --> 00:27:04,279 soldiers two of them grabbed me and 00:27:04,279 --> 00:27:06,389 soldiers two of them grabbed me and dragged me into the bedroom while the 00:27:06,389 --> 00:27:06,399 dragged me into the bedroom while the 00:27:06,399 --> 00:27:07,830 dragged me into the bedroom while the third one ripped the little girl's 00:27:07,830 --> 00:27:07,840 third one ripped the little girl's 00:27:07,840 --> 00:27:09,360 third one ripped the little girl's clothes off in another 00:27:09,360 --> 00:27:09,370 clothes off in another 00:27:09,370 --> 00:27:13,389 clothes off in another [Music] 00:27:13,389 --> 00:27:13,399 00:27:13,399 --> 00:27:17,149 room aspect I'd go as far as to say that 00:27:17,149 --> 00:27:17,159 room aspect I'd go as far as to say that 00:27:17,159 --> 00:27:19,110 room aspect I'd go as far as to say that this aspect of South African women's 00:27:19,110 --> 00:27:19,120 this aspect of South African women's 00:27:19,120 --> 00:27:21,909 this aspect of South African women's experiences during the B War the rapes 00:27:21,909 --> 00:27:21,919 experiences during the B War the rapes 00:27:21,919 --> 00:27:24,110 experiences during the B War the rapes the assaults the molestations by the 00:27:24,110 --> 00:27:24,120 the assaults the molestations by the 00:27:24,120 --> 00:27:26,149 the assaults the molestations by the British who regarded them as rightful 00:27:26,149 --> 00:27:26,159 British who regarded them as rightful 00:27:26,159 --> 00:27:29,750 British who regarded them as rightful War woty has become a kind of cow I'm 00:27:29,750 --> 00:27:29,760 War woty has become a kind of cow I'm 00:27:29,760 --> 00:27:31,909 War woty has become a kind of cow I'm sorry to say this but a veil of Silence 00:27:31,909 --> 00:27:31,919 sorry to say this but a veil of Silence 00:27:31,919 --> 00:27:34,070 sorry to say this but a veil of Silence has been drawn over this although some 00:27:34,070 --> 00:27:34,080 has been drawn over this although some 00:27:34,080 --> 00:27:36,310 has been drawn over this although some women were so embittered that they did 00:27:36,310 --> 00:27:36,320 women were so embittered that they did 00:27:36,320 --> 00:27:38,149 women were so embittered that they did make sworn statements in front of 00:27:38,149 --> 00:27:38,159 make sworn statements in front of 00:27:38,159 --> 00:27:40,509 make sworn statements in front of magistrates and in their Memoirs they 00:27:40,509 --> 00:27:40,519 magistrates and in their Memoirs they 00:27:40,519 --> 00:27:42,990 magistrates and in their Memoirs they also described exactly what had happened 00:27:42,990 --> 00:27:43,000 also described exactly what had happened 00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:50,630 also described exactly what had happened to 00:27:50,630 --> 00:27:50,640 00:27:50,640 --> 00:27:54,389 them in the field 20th February 00:27:54,389 --> 00:27:54,399 them in the field 20th February 00:27:54,399 --> 00:27:57,470 them in the field 20th February 1902 I the undersigned Jan Christopher 00:27:57,470 --> 00:27:57,480 1902 I the undersigned Jan Christopher 00:27:57,480 --> 00:28:00,950 1902 I the undersigned Jan Christopher yar resident at omra District Bethlehem 00:28:00,950 --> 00:28:00,960 yar resident at omra District Bethlehem 00:28:00,960 --> 00:28:03,149 yar resident at omra District Bethlehem Orange Free 00:28:03,149 --> 00:28:03,159 Orange Free 00:28:03,159 --> 00:28:06,470 Orange Free State hereby solemnly declare under oath 00:28:06,470 --> 00:28:06,480 State hereby solemnly declare under oath 00:28:06,480 --> 00:28:09,710 State hereby solemnly declare under oath that honor around the 30th of March 1901 00:28:09,710 --> 00:28:09,720 that honor around the 30th of March 1901 00:28:09,720 --> 00:28:11,430 that honor around the 30th of March 1901 a column of his Majesty's troops 00:28:11,430 --> 00:28:11,440 a column of his Majesty's troops 00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:14,509 a column of his Majesty's troops abducted Miss Elizabeth F Mara only one 00:28:14,509 --> 00:28:14,519 abducted Miss Elizabeth F Mara only one 00:28:14,519 --> 00:28:17,350 abducted Miss Elizabeth F Mara only one day after she had given birth the baby 00:28:17,350 --> 00:28:17,360 day after she had given birth the baby 00:28:17,360 --> 00:28:19,630 day after she had given birth the baby who had passed away was left lying on a 00:28:19,630 --> 00:28:19,640 who had passed away was left lying on a 00:28:19,640 --> 00:28:21,710 who had passed away was left lying on a table in the house and then the place 00:28:21,710 --> 00:28:21,720 table in the house and then the place 00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:24,310 table in the house and then the place was set on fire a forementioned Miss F 00:28:24,310 --> 00:28:24,320 was set on fire a forementioned Miss F 00:28:24,320 --> 00:28:26,509 was set on fire a forementioned Miss F Mara was taken to libber fle on an open 00:28:26,509 --> 00:28:26,519 Mara was taken to libber fle on an open 00:28:26,519 --> 00:28:29,230 Mara was taken to libber fle on an open carriage and from there to H helbron she 00:28:29,230 --> 00:28:29,240 carriage and from there to H helbron she 00:28:29,240 --> 00:28:31,870 carriage and from there to H helbron she passed away shortly after arriving in 00:28:31,870 --> 00:28:31,880 passed away shortly after arriving in 00:28:31,880 --> 00:28:39,230 passed away shortly after arriving in [Music] 00:28:39,230 --> 00:28:39,240 [Music] 00:28:39,240 --> 00:28:41,750 [Music] helbron contrary to popular romantic 00:28:41,750 --> 00:28:41,760 helbron contrary to popular romantic 00:28:41,760 --> 00:28:44,509 helbron contrary to popular romantic sentiment the Anglo war was not a small 00:28:44,509 --> 00:28:44,519 sentiment the Anglo war was not a small 00:28:44,519 --> 00:28:48,230 sentiment the Anglo war was not a small War nor was it a white man's War about 00:28:48,230 --> 00:28:48,240 War nor was it a white man's War about 00:28:48,240 --> 00:28:52,230 War nor was it a white man's War about 30,000 blacks participated as armed 00:28:52,230 --> 00:28:52,240 30,000 blacks participated as armed 00:28:52,240 --> 00:28:54,669 30,000 blacks participated as armed combatant in the British army which is a 00:28:54,669 --> 00:28:54,679 combatant in the British army which is a 00:28:54,679 --> 00:28:57,269 combatant in the British army which is a large number if you bear in mind that as 00:28:57,269 --> 00:28:57,279 large number if you bear in mind that as 00:28:57,279 --> 00:28:59,789 large number if you bear in mind that as against 30 ,000 armed blacks in the 00:28:59,789 --> 00:28:59,799 against 30 ,000 armed blacks in the 00:28:59,799 --> 00:29:02,549 against 30 ,000 armed blacks in the British army there were only 20,000 boor 00:29:02,549 --> 00:29:02,559 British army there were only 20,000 boor 00:29:02,559 --> 00:29:04,789 British army there were only 20,000 boor bitter Enders by the end of the war I'm 00:29:04,789 --> 00:29:04,799 bitter Enders by the end of the war I'm 00:29:04,799 --> 00:29:07,630 bitter Enders by the end of the war I'm not even talking of those guides and 00:29:07,630 --> 00:29:07,640 not even talking of those guides and 00:29:07,640 --> 00:29:11,430 not even talking of those guides and dispatch Riders used by the British and 00:29:11,430 --> 00:29:11,440 dispatch Riders used by the British and 00:29:11,440 --> 00:29:13,650 dispatch Riders used by the British and laborers wagon drivers 00:29:13,650 --> 00:29:13,660 laborers wagon drivers 00:29:13,660 --> 00:29:15,070 laborers wagon drivers [Applause] 00:29:15,070 --> 00:29:15,080 [Applause] 00:29:15,080 --> 00:29:18,230 [Applause] Etc the black participation as 00:29:18,230 --> 00:29:18,240 Etc the black participation as 00:29:18,240 --> 00:29:21,149 Etc the black participation as experienced by the bers was either that 00:29:21,149 --> 00:29:21,159 experienced by the bers was either that 00:29:21,159 --> 00:29:24,909 experienced by the bers was either that of blacks assisting the BS as AK for 00:29:24,909 --> 00:29:24,919 of blacks assisting the BS as AK for 00:29:24,919 --> 00:29:28,990 of blacks assisting the BS as AK for instance uh henchman who went with these 00:29:28,990 --> 00:29:29,000 instance uh henchman who went with these 00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:31,750 instance uh henchman who went with these boers on Commando so that they could 00:29:31,750 --> 00:29:31,760 boers on Commando so that they could 00:29:31,760 --> 00:29:33,669 boers on Commando so that they could either cook their food or groom their 00:29:33,669 --> 00:29:33,679 either cook their food or groom their 00:29:33,679 --> 00:29:36,549 either cook their food or groom their horses or there were other laborers who 00:29:36,549 --> 00:29:36,559 horses or there were other laborers who 00:29:36,559 --> 00:29:38,750 horses or there were other laborers who were also in Commander the British were 00:29:38,750 --> 00:29:38,760 were also in Commander the British were 00:29:38,760 --> 00:29:39,630 were also in Commander the British were quite 00:29:39,630 --> 00:29:39,640 quite 00:29:39,640 --> 00:29:42,950 quite aware of what was already happening and 00:29:42,950 --> 00:29:42,960 aware of what was already happening and 00:29:42,960 --> 00:29:46,029 aware of what was already happening and that was that black Farm Workers were 00:29:46,029 --> 00:29:46,039 that was that black Farm Workers were 00:29:46,039 --> 00:29:48,509 that was that black Farm Workers were smuggling cattle to basan for their 00:29:48,509 --> 00:29:48,519 smuggling cattle to basan for their 00:29:48,519 --> 00:29:50,310 smuggling cattle to basan for their masters their 00:29:50,310 --> 00:29:50,320 masters their 00:29:50,320 --> 00:29:54,269 masters their employers that many blacks were loyal to 00:29:54,269 --> 00:29:54,279 employers that many blacks were loyal to 00:29:54,279 --> 00:29:56,710 employers that many blacks were loyal to to the poor people I think the blacks 00:29:56,710 --> 00:29:56,720 to the poor people I think the blacks 00:29:56,720 --> 00:29:59,750 to the poor people I think the blacks supported the the BS very well and 00:29:59,750 --> 00:29:59,760 supported the the BS very well and 00:29:59,760 --> 00:30:01,509 supported the the BS very well and that's probably why they were also put 00:30:01,509 --> 00:30:01,519 that's probably why they were also put 00:30:01,519 --> 00:30:03,789 that's probably why they were also put into concentration camps the British you 00:30:03,789 --> 00:30:03,799 into concentration camps the British you 00:30:03,799 --> 00:30:05,990 into concentration camps the British you know would lock everyone up that they 00:30:05,990 --> 00:30:06,000 know would lock everyone up that they 00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:07,269 know would lock everyone up that they found on a farm and put them 00:30:07,269 --> 00:30:07,279 found on a farm and put them 00:30:07,279 --> 00:30:09,630 found on a farm and put them concentration camp inevitably Farm 00:30:09,630 --> 00:30:09,640 concentration camp inevitably Farm 00:30:09,640 --> 00:30:12,070 concentration camp inevitably Farm Workers servants and so on couldn't just 00:30:12,070 --> 00:30:12,080 Workers servants and so on couldn't just 00:30:12,080 --> 00:30:14,830 Workers servants and so on couldn't just be left on the farms because that would 00:30:14,830 --> 00:30:14,840 be left on the farms because that would 00:30:14,840 --> 00:30:17,870 be left on the farms because that would also pose security risks in total 00:30:17,870 --> 00:30:17,880 also pose security risks in total 00:30:17,880 --> 00:30:19,190 also pose security risks in total approximately 00:30:19,190 --> 00:30:19,200 approximately 00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:21,630 approximately 130,000 black civilians in other words 00:30:21,630 --> 00:30:21,640 130,000 black civilians in other words 00:30:21,640 --> 00:30:24,070 130,000 black civilians in other words the farm laborers the farm laborers who 00:30:24,070 --> 00:30:24,080 the farm laborers the farm laborers who 00:30:24,080 --> 00:30:26,630 the farm laborers the farm laborers who worked on The Bu Farms as well as 00:30:26,630 --> 00:30:26,640 worked on The Bu Farms as well as 00:30:26,640 --> 00:30:29,950 worked on The Bu Farms as well as approximately 16 ,000 buor Africana 00:30:29,950 --> 00:30:29,960 approximately 16 ,000 buor Africana 00:30:29,960 --> 00:30:32,710 approximately 16 ,000 buor Africana white civilians were left destitute and 00:30:32,710 --> 00:30:32,720 white civilians were left destitute and 00:30:32,720 --> 00:30:34,669 white civilians were left destitute and the question was now what to do with 00:30:34,669 --> 00:30:34,679 the question was now what to do with 00:30:34,679 --> 00:30:36,870 the question was now what to do with these people and the British then 00:30:36,870 --> 00:30:36,880 these people and the British then 00:30:36,880 --> 00:30:40,389 these people and the British then decided to establish concentration camps 00:30:40,389 --> 00:30:40,399 decided to establish concentration camps 00:30:40,399 --> 00:30:43,029 decided to establish concentration camps or as they called them refugee camps for 00:30:43,029 --> 00:30:43,039 or as they called them refugee camps for 00:30:43,039 --> 00:30:44,509 or as they called them refugee camps for these 00:30:44,509 --> 00:30:44,519 these 00:30:44,519 --> 00:30:48,029 these people the local population would be 00:30:48,029 --> 00:30:48,039 people the local population would be 00:30:48,039 --> 00:30:51,630 people the local population would be removed on mass to uh concentration 00:30:51,630 --> 00:30:51,640 removed on mass to uh concentration 00:30:51,640 --> 00:30:54,269 removed on mass to uh concentration camps in order to Denude the comp 00:30:54,269 --> 00:30:54,279 camps in order to Denude the comp 00:30:54,279 --> 00:30:56,750 camps in order to Denude the comp Commandos uh the means of sustenance of 00:30:56,750 --> 00:30:56,760 Commandos uh the means of sustenance of 00:30:56,760 --> 00:31:05,470 Commandos uh the means of sustenance of military intelligence so 00:31:05,470 --> 00:31:05,480 00:31:05,480 --> 00:31:09,190 on in some cases the leader of the 00:31:09,190 --> 00:31:09,200 on in some cases the leader of the 00:31:09,200 --> 00:31:12,350 on in some cases the leader of the patrol uh went to the Farms gave the 00:31:12,350 --> 00:31:12,360 patrol uh went to the Farms gave the 00:31:12,360 --> 00:31:15,470 patrol uh went to the Farms gave the women and children chance to load some 00:31:15,470 --> 00:31:15,480 women and children chance to load some 00:31:15,480 --> 00:31:19,070 women and children chance to load some necessary stuff like beds Etc onto the 00:31:19,070 --> 00:31:19,080 necessary stuff like beds Etc onto the 00:31:19,080 --> 00:31:23,590 necessary stuff like beds Etc onto the wagons in some cases it was not allowed 00:31:23,590 --> 00:31:23,600 wagons in some cases it was not allowed 00:31:23,600 --> 00:31:25,310 wagons in some cases it was not allowed and they were taken to camps without 00:31:25,310 --> 00:31:25,320 and they were taken to camps without 00:31:25,320 --> 00:31:27,310 and they were taken to camps without anything else but the clothes on their 00:31:27,310 --> 00:31:27,320 anything else but the clothes on their 00:31:27,320 --> 00:31:30,430 anything else but the clothes on their bodies what do you take in 10 minutes do 00:31:30,430 --> 00:31:30,440 bodies what do you take in 10 minutes do 00:31:30,440 --> 00:31:32,029 bodies what do you take in 10 minutes do you take blankets because you have 00:31:32,029 --> 00:31:32,039 you take blankets because you have 00:31:32,039 --> 00:31:35,350 you take blankets because you have children do you take medicines because 00:31:35,350 --> 00:31:35,360 children do you take medicines because 00:31:35,360 --> 00:31:38,629 children do you take medicines because you're ill do you take uh 00:31:38,629 --> 00:31:38,639 you're ill do you take uh 00:31:38,639 --> 00:31:41,070 you're ill do you take uh pillows do you take books what do you 00:31:41,070 --> 00:31:41,080 pillows do you take books what do you 00:31:41,080 --> 00:31:43,470 pillows do you take books what do you take they were taken in open cattle 00:31:43,470 --> 00:31:43,480 take they were taken in open cattle 00:31:43,480 --> 00:31:47,629 take they were taken in open cattle trucks Railway trucks and in many cases 00:31:47,629 --> 00:31:47,639 trucks Railway trucks and in many cases 00:31:47,639 --> 00:31:50,470 trucks Railway trucks and in many cases they were left at stations for days on 00:31:50,470 --> 00:31:50,480 they were left at stations for days on 00:31:50,480 --> 00:31:53,549 they were left at stations for days on end without any food or any support of 00:31:53,549 --> 00:31:53,559 end without any food or any support of 00:31:53,559 --> 00:31:56,830 end without any food or any support of any 00:31:56,830 --> 00:31:56,840 00:31:56,840 --> 00:32:00,710 kind brought about 450 year at a time in 00:32:00,710 --> 00:32:00,720 kind brought about 450 year at a time in 00:32:00,720 --> 00:32:03,269 kind brought about 450 year at a time in open Railway carriages people were 00:32:03,269 --> 00:32:03,279 open Railway carriages people were 00:32:03,279 --> 00:32:05,629 open Railway carriages people were forced to get onto open carriages full 00:32:05,629 --> 00:32:05,639 forced to get onto open carriages full 00:32:05,639 --> 00:32:08,430 forced to get onto open carriages full of cattle and horse dung and stay on it 00:32:08,430 --> 00:32:08,440 of cattle and horse dung and stay on it 00:32:08,440 --> 00:32:11,669 of cattle and horse dung and stay on it for 2 to 3 days without food and 00:32:11,669 --> 00:32:11,679 for 2 to 3 days without food and 00:32:11,679 --> 00:32:14,190 for 2 to 3 days without food and water dressed in their finest in their 00:32:14,190 --> 00:32:14,200 water dressed in their finest in their 00:32:14,200 --> 00:32:16,509 water dressed in their finest in their Sunday Best they also had no idea where 00:32:16,509 --> 00:32:16,519 Sunday Best they also had no idea where 00:32:16,519 --> 00:32:18,470 Sunday Best they also had no idea where they were going what the British 00:32:18,470 --> 00:32:18,480 they were going what the British 00:32:18,480 --> 00:32:20,980 they were going what the British intended to do with 00:32:20,980 --> 00:32:20,990 intended to do with 00:32:20,990 --> 00:32:22,750 intended to do with [Music] 00:32:22,750 --> 00:32:22,760 [Music] 00:32:22,760 --> 00:32:25,430 [Music] them some people had to travel for four 00:32:25,430 --> 00:32:25,440 them some people had to travel for four 00:32:25,440 --> 00:32:27,990 them some people had to travel for four nights in all sorts of weather and then 00:32:27,990 --> 00:32:28,000 nights in all sorts of weather and then 00:32:28,000 --> 00:32:29,789 nights in all sorts of weather and then there was a delay at Spring 00:32:29,789 --> 00:32:29,799 there was a delay at Spring 00:32:29,799 --> 00:32:33,909 there was a delay at Spring Fontaine out and you offloaded whatever 00:32:33,909 --> 00:32:33,919 Fontaine out and you offloaded whatever 00:32:33,919 --> 00:32:35,350 Fontaine out and you offloaded whatever Goods you have taken with you are 00:32:35,350 --> 00:32:35,360 Goods you have taken with you are 00:32:35,360 --> 00:32:37,110 Goods you have taken with you are indiscriminately thrown on the ground 00:32:37,110 --> 00:32:37,120 indiscriminately thrown on the ground 00:32:37,120 --> 00:32:39,190 indiscriminately thrown on the ground because the coal trucks are needed for 00:32:39,190 --> 00:32:39,200 because the coal trucks are needed for 00:32:39,200 --> 00:32:42,590 because the coal trucks are needed for coal and and then they were dropped off 00:32:42,590 --> 00:32:42,600 coal and and then they were dropped off 00:32:42,600 --> 00:32:44,590 coal and and then they were dropped off at our old station and had to walk 00:32:44,590 --> 00:32:44,600 at our old station and had to walk 00:32:44,600 --> 00:32:47,669 at our old station and had to walk several kilometers to the first Camp 00:32:47,669 --> 00:32:47,679 several kilometers to the first Camp 00:32:47,679 --> 00:32:50,870 several kilometers to the first Camp from uh trompsburg to Spring fontain 00:32:50,870 --> 00:32:50,880 from uh trompsburg to Spring fontain 00:32:50,880 --> 00:32:53,909 from uh trompsburg to Spring fontain which isn't very far it has rained you 00:32:53,909 --> 00:32:53,919 which isn't very far it has rained you 00:32:53,919 --> 00:32:56,590 which isn't very far it has rained you are shivering with the cold you cannot 00:32:56,590 --> 00:32:56,600 are shivering with the cold you cannot 00:32:56,600 --> 00:32:59,310 are shivering with the cold you cannot keep warm and and you get to your 00:32:59,310 --> 00:32:59,320 keep warm and and you get to your 00:32:59,320 --> 00:33:01,930 keep warm and and you get to your destination and there is nothing 00:33:01,930 --> 00:33:01,940 destination and there is nothing 00:33:01,940 --> 00:33:07,990 destination and there is nothing [Music] 00:33:07,990 --> 00:33:08,000 [Music] 00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:11,029 [Music] there the British colonial secretary sir 00:33:11,029 --> 00:33:11,039 there the British colonial secretary sir 00:33:11,039 --> 00:33:13,549 there the British colonial secretary sir Joseph Chamberlain specifically said in 00:33:13,549 --> 00:33:13,559 Joseph Chamberlain specifically said in 00:33:13,559 --> 00:33:16,950 Joseph Chamberlain specifically said in parlement that these camps were erected 00:33:16,950 --> 00:33:16,960 parlement that these camps were erected 00:33:16,960 --> 00:33:21,190 parlement that these camps were erected for Humane reasons that doesn't tell 00:33:21,190 --> 00:33:21,200 for Humane reasons that doesn't tell 00:33:21,200 --> 00:33:23,710 for Humane reasons that doesn't tell with the facts first camps are called 00:33:23,710 --> 00:33:23,720 with the facts first camps are called 00:33:23,720 --> 00:33:26,110 with the facts first camps are called Burger camps they are then referred to 00:33:26,110 --> 00:33:26,120 Burger camps they are then referred to 00:33:26,120 --> 00:33:28,389 Burger camps they are then referred to as refugee camps and then within the 00:33:28,389 --> 00:33:28,399 as refugee camps and then within the 00:33:28,399 --> 00:33:30,549 as refugee camps and then within the British documentation itself they're 00:33:30,549 --> 00:33:30,559 British documentation itself they're 00:33:30,559 --> 00:33:33,549 British documentation itself they're called concentration 00:33:33,549 --> 00:33:33,559 called concentration 00:33:33,559 --> 00:33:36,629 called concentration camps what these camps really were were 00:33:36,629 --> 00:33:36,639 camps what these camps really were were 00:33:36,639 --> 00:33:39,629 camps what these camps really were were interment camps for detaining women and 00:33:39,629 --> 00:33:39,639 interment camps for detaining women and 00:33:39,639 --> 00:33:43,350 interment camps for detaining women and children who were primarily uh families 00:33:43,350 --> 00:33:43,360 children who were primarily uh families 00:33:43,360 --> 00:33:46,070 children who were primarily uh families of bus out on Commando they were not 00:33:46,070 --> 00:33:46,080 of bus out on Commando they were not 00:33:46,080 --> 00:33:48,750 of bus out on Commando they were not only brought there to shelter and to 00:33:48,750 --> 00:33:48,760 only brought there to shelter and to 00:33:48,760 --> 00:33:50,629 only brought there to shelter and to save them from dying of 00:33:50,629 --> 00:33:50,639 save them from dying of 00:33:50,639 --> 00:33:52,950 save them from dying of hunger but they were also brought there 00:33:52,950 --> 00:33:52,960 hunger but they were also brought there 00:33:52,960 --> 00:33:54,269 hunger but they were also brought there to be 00:33:54,269 --> 00:33:54,279 to be 00:33:54,279 --> 00:33:58,029 to be punished the boers got food for 00:33:58,029 --> 00:33:58,039 punished the boers got food for 00:33:58,039 --> 00:34:00,870 punished the boers got food for themselves fodder for their horses but 00:34:00,870 --> 00:34:00,880 themselves fodder for their horses but 00:34:00,880 --> 00:34:02,870 themselves fodder for their horses but also information concerning British 00:34:02,870 --> 00:34:02,880 also information concerning British 00:34:02,880 --> 00:34:06,070 also information concerning British troop movements from those uh civilians 00:34:06,070 --> 00:34:06,080 troop movements from those uh civilians 00:34:06,080 --> 00:34:08,190 troop movements from those uh civilians bu Africana women and children who 00:34:08,190 --> 00:34:08,200 bu Africana women and children who 00:34:08,200 --> 00:34:10,550 bu Africana women and children who stayed behind on the farms and many of 00:34:10,550 --> 00:34:10,560 stayed behind on the farms and many of 00:34:10,560 --> 00:34:12,790 stayed behind on the farms and many of these women were sent to the commanders 00:34:12,790 --> 00:34:12,800 these women were sent to the commanders 00:34:12,800 --> 00:34:16,109 these women were sent to the commanders as emissaries to tell them that the 00:34:16,109 --> 00:34:16,119 as emissaries to tell them that the 00:34:16,119 --> 00:34:19,990 as emissaries to tell them that the British say that if you don't surrender 00:34:19,990 --> 00:34:20,000 British say that if you don't surrender 00:34:20,000 --> 00:34:22,069 British say that if you don't surrender your Farms will be destroyed your women 00:34:22,069 --> 00:34:22,079 your Farms will be destroyed your women 00:34:22,079 --> 00:34:24,990 your Farms will be destroyed your women and children will suffer it is such a 00:34:24,990 --> 00:34:25,000 and children will suffer it is such a 00:34:25,000 --> 00:34:27,190 and children will suffer it is such a curious position Hollow and rotten to 00:34:27,190 --> 00:34:27,200 curious position Hollow and rotten to 00:34:27,200 --> 00:34:29,510 curious position Hollow and rotten to the hearts core to have made all over 00:34:29,510 --> 00:34:29,520 the hearts core to have made all over 00:34:29,520 --> 00:34:31,349 the hearts core to have made all over the state large uncomfortable 00:34:31,349 --> 00:34:31,359 the state large uncomfortable 00:34:31,359 --> 00:34:33,510 the state large uncomfortable communities of people whom you call 00:34:33,510 --> 00:34:33,520 communities of people whom you call 00:34:33,520 --> 00:34:36,389 communities of people whom you call refugees and say you are protecting but 00:34:36,389 --> 00:34:36,399 refugees and say you are protecting but 00:34:36,399 --> 00:34:39,109 refugees and say you are protecting but who call themselves prisoners of War 00:34:39,109 --> 00:34:39,119 who call themselves prisoners of War 00:34:39,119 --> 00:34:41,909 who call themselves prisoners of War compulsorily detained and detesting your 00:34:41,909 --> 00:34:41,919 compulsorily detained and detesting your 00:34:41,919 --> 00:34:44,230 compulsorily detained and detesting your protection in my opinion that they were 00:34:44,230 --> 00:34:44,240 protection in my opinion that they were 00:34:44,240 --> 00:34:46,270 protection in my opinion that they were not Refugee a refugee is not a person 00:34:46,270 --> 00:34:46,280 not Refugee a refugee is not a person 00:34:46,280 --> 00:34:48,710 not Refugee a refugee is not a person who is taken forcibly from their home 00:34:48,710 --> 00:34:48,720 who is taken forcibly from their home 00:34:48,720 --> 00:34:50,589 who is taken forcibly from their home their home is burnt their crops are 00:34:50,589 --> 00:34:50,599 their home is burnt their crops are 00:34:50,599 --> 00:34:52,990 their home is burnt their crops are destroyed their animals are slaughtered 00:34:52,990 --> 00:34:53,000 destroyed their animals are slaughtered 00:34:53,000 --> 00:34:56,030 destroyed their animals are slaughtered and they forcibly removed that's not a 00:34:56,030 --> 00:34:56,040 and they forcibly removed that's not a 00:34:56,040 --> 00:34:58,390 and they forcibly removed that's not a refugee originally they were or refugee 00:34:58,390 --> 00:34:58,400 refugee originally they were or refugee 00:34:58,400 --> 00:34:59,870 refugee originally they were or refugee camps which was humbach they weren't 00:34:59,870 --> 00:34:59,880 camps which was humbach they weren't 00:34:59,880 --> 00:35:01,790 camps which was humbach they weren't refugee camps primarily they were 00:35:01,790 --> 00:35:01,800 refugee camps primarily they were 00:35:01,800 --> 00:35:07,630 refugee camps primarily they were internment 00:35:07,630 --> 00:35:07,640 00:35:07,640 --> 00:35:11,349 camps in July 191 the English abducted 00:35:11,349 --> 00:35:11,359 camps in July 191 the English abducted 00:35:11,359 --> 00:35:13,670 camps in July 191 the English abducted us from our homes and brought us to this 00:35:13,670 --> 00:35:13,680 us from our homes and brought us to this 00:35:13,680 --> 00:35:15,630 us from our homes and brought us to this camp where we were given tense to live 00:35:15,630 --> 00:35:15,640 camp where we were given tense to live 00:35:15,640 --> 00:35:18,310 camp where we were given tense to live in we hardly get any food and we get no 00:35:18,310 --> 00:35:18,320 in we hardly get any food and we get no 00:35:18,320 --> 00:35:20,910 in we hardly get any food and we get no clothes at all we have to collect our 00:35:20,910 --> 00:35:20,920 clothes at all we have to collect our 00:35:20,920 --> 00:35:23,470 clothes at all we have to collect our rations ourselves and carry our own wood 00:35:23,470 --> 00:35:23,480 rations ourselves and carry our own wood 00:35:23,480 --> 00:35:24,710 rations ourselves and carry our own wood coal and 00:35:24,710 --> 00:35:24,720 coal and 00:35:24,720 --> 00:35:27,270 coal and water at times we are deprived of meat 00:35:27,270 --> 00:35:27,280 water at times we are deprived of meat 00:35:27,280 --> 00:35:29,550 water at times we are deprived of meat and firewood for up to 3 00:35:29,550 --> 00:35:29,560 and firewood for up to 3 00:35:29,560 --> 00:35:32,670 and firewood for up to 3 weeks however we do not mind that we are 00:35:32,670 --> 00:35:32,680 weeks however we do not mind that we are 00:35:32,680 --> 00:35:34,310 weeks however we do not mind that we are suffering all of this for the sake of 00:35:34,310 --> 00:35:34,320 suffering all of this for the sake of 00:35:34,320 --> 00:35:37,109 suffering all of this for the sake of the transval independence and I still 00:35:37,109 --> 00:35:37,119 the transval independence and I still 00:35:37,119 --> 00:35:39,109 the transval independence and I still believe that everything has not been in 00:35:39,109 --> 00:35:39,119 believe that everything has not been in 00:35:39,119 --> 00:35:42,390 believe that everything has not been in vain I greet you and remain your friend 00:35:42,390 --> 00:35:42,400 vain I greet you and remain your friend 00:35:42,400 --> 00:35:43,120 vain I greet you and remain your friend an 00:35:43,120 --> 00:35:43,130 an 00:35:43,130 --> 00:35:54,270 an [Music] 00:35:54,270 --> 00:35:54,280 [Music] 00:35:54,280 --> 00:35:56,950 [Music] DEET the camps were placed by the 00:35:56,950 --> 00:35:56,960 DEET the camps were placed by the 00:35:56,960 --> 00:35:58,230 DEET the camps were placed by the military because because of military 00:35:58,230 --> 00:35:58,240 military because because of military 00:35:58,240 --> 00:36:00,589 military because because of military reasons usually close to a railway line 00:36:00,589 --> 00:36:00,599 reasons usually close to a railway line 00:36:00,599 --> 00:36:03,069 reasons usually close to a railway line where they could so-call protect them 00:36:03,069 --> 00:36:03,079 where they could so-call protect them 00:36:03,079 --> 00:36:04,670 where they could so-call protect them and because they protected the railway 00:36:04,670 --> 00:36:04,680 and because they protected the railway 00:36:04,680 --> 00:36:07,309 and because they protected the railway line but nobody gave a thought to the 00:36:07,309 --> 00:36:07,319 line but nobody gave a thought to the 00:36:07,319 --> 00:36:09,430 line but nobody gave a thought to the actual placing of the camp in terms of 00:36:09,430 --> 00:36:09,440 actual placing of the camp in terms of 00:36:09,440 --> 00:36:11,309 actual placing of the camp in terms of the weather call it the infrastructure 00:36:11,309 --> 00:36:11,319 the weather call it the infrastructure 00:36:11,319 --> 00:36:12,510 the weather call it the infrastructure if you want in other words the camps 00:36:12,510 --> 00:36:12,520 if you want in other words the camps 00:36:12,520 --> 00:36:15,150 if you want in other words the camps were usually on flat areas open exposed 00:36:15,150 --> 00:36:15,160 were usually on flat areas open exposed 00:36:15,160 --> 00:36:16,950 were usually on flat areas open exposed to the Westerly winds bitterly cold in 00:36:16,950 --> 00:36:16,960 to the Westerly winds bitterly cold in 00:36:16,960 --> 00:36:18,990 to the Westerly winds bitterly cold in winter time and then summertime very 00:36:18,990 --> 00:36:19,000 winter time and then summertime very 00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:22,309 winter time and then summertime very very hot tense ragged tense sometimes 00:36:22,309 --> 00:36:22,319 very hot tense ragged tense sometimes 00:36:22,319 --> 00:36:23,950 very hot tense ragged tense sometimes the camps were placed in very flat 00:36:23,950 --> 00:36:23,960 the camps were placed in very flat 00:36:23,960 --> 00:36:25,030 the camps were placed in very flat ground in other words after the 00:36:25,030 --> 00:36:25,040 ground in other words after the 00:36:25,040 --> 00:36:27,309 ground in other words after the rainstorm there was water everywhere 00:36:27,309 --> 00:36:27,319 rainstorm there was water everywhere 00:36:27,319 --> 00:36:30,030 rainstorm there was water everywhere these concentration camps and I can talk 00:36:30,030 --> 00:36:30,040 these concentration camps and I can talk 00:36:30,040 --> 00:36:32,510 these concentration camps and I can talk specifically about the one in brunford 00:36:32,510 --> 00:36:32,520 specifically about the one in brunford 00:36:32,520 --> 00:36:35,190 specifically about the one in brunford it was totally inhospitable for any 00:36:35,190 --> 00:36:35,200 it was totally inhospitable for any 00:36:35,200 --> 00:36:37,870 it was totally inhospitable for any person to live there there were no trees 00:36:37,870 --> 00:36:37,880 person to live there there were no trees 00:36:37,880 --> 00:36:40,470 person to live there there were no trees today there are trees but 100 years ago 00:36:40,470 --> 00:36:40,480 today there are trees but 100 years ago 00:36:40,480 --> 00:36:42,190 today there are trees but 100 years ago particularly in that winter of 00:36:42,190 --> 00:36:42,200 particularly in that winter of 00:36:42,200 --> 00:36:45,589 particularly in that winter of 191 which was a terrible winter it 00:36:45,589 --> 00:36:45,599 191 which was a terrible winter it 00:36:45,599 --> 00:36:48,150 191 which was a terrible winter it rained a lot it was bitterly cold and 00:36:48,150 --> 00:36:48,160 rained a lot it was bitterly cold and 00:36:48,160 --> 00:36:50,790 rained a lot it was bitterly cold and that particular terrain had a lot of 00:36:50,790 --> 00:36:50,800 that particular terrain had a lot of 00:36:50,800 --> 00:36:53,430 that particular terrain had a lot of turf the water doesn't drain away we 00:36:53,430 --> 00:36:53,440 turf the water doesn't drain away we 00:36:53,440 --> 00:36:55,990 turf the water doesn't drain away we know from reports from the time also 00:36:55,990 --> 00:36:56,000 know from reports from the time also 00:36:56,000 --> 00:36:59,030 know from reports from the time also from Emily Hop House that people walked 00:36:59,030 --> 00:36:59,040 from Emily Hop House that people walked 00:36:59,040 --> 00:37:01,990 from Emily Hop House that people walked up to their CVS in mud they had to live 00:37:01,990 --> 00:37:02,000 up to their CVS in mud they had to live 00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:04,630 up to their CVS in mud they had to live in 00:37:04,630 --> 00:37:04,640 00:37:04,640 --> 00:37:07,309 mud one night a thunderstorm flooded all 00:37:07,309 --> 00:37:07,319 mud one night a thunderstorm flooded all 00:37:07,319 --> 00:37:09,950 mud one night a thunderstorm flooded all the tents and even leveled some in many 00:37:09,950 --> 00:37:09,960 the tents and even leveled some in many 00:37:09,960 --> 00:37:13,270 the tents and even leveled some in many cases the tent Pags were ripped 00:37:13,270 --> 00:37:13,280 cases the tent Pags were ripped 00:37:13,280 --> 00:37:17,430 cases the tent Pags were ripped out in a book from the Dark Forest a b 00:37:17,430 --> 00:37:17,440 out in a book from the Dark Forest a b 00:37:17,440 --> 00:37:19,190 out in a book from the Dark Forest a b gives a good description of how the old 00:37:19,190 --> 00:37:19,200 gives a good description of how the old 00:37:19,200 --> 00:37:21,190 gives a good description of how the old people ran up and down between the tents 00:37:21,190 --> 00:37:21,200 people ran up and down between the tents 00:37:21,200 --> 00:37:23,470 people ran up and down between the tents during this thunderstorm with lightning 00:37:23,470 --> 00:37:23,480 during this thunderstorm with lightning 00:37:23,480 --> 00:37:25,990 during this thunderstorm with lightning and thunder all around 00:37:25,990 --> 00:37:26,000 and thunder all around 00:37:26,000 --> 00:37:28,390 and thunder all around them she wrote about about how the Lord 00:37:28,390 --> 00:37:28,400 them she wrote about about how the Lord 00:37:28,400 --> 00:37:31,069 them she wrote about about how the Lord made a parents arm so strong that a 00:37:31,069 --> 00:37:31,079 made a parents arm so strong that a 00:37:31,079 --> 00:37:33,230 made a parents arm so strong that a mother could stand in the cold water all 00:37:33,230 --> 00:37:33,240 mother could stand in the cold water all 00:37:33,240 --> 00:37:36,190 mother could stand in the cold water all night holding her child because if she'd 00:37:36,190 --> 00:37:36,200 night holding her child because if she'd 00:37:36,200 --> 00:37:38,870 night holding her child because if she'd put it down it would surely have drowned 00:37:38,870 --> 00:37:38,880 put it down it would surely have drowned 00:37:38,880 --> 00:37:40,350 put it down it would surely have drowned or frozen to 00:37:40,350 --> 00:37:40,360 or frozen to 00:37:40,360 --> 00:37:42,790 or frozen to [Music] 00:37:42,790 --> 00:37:42,800 [Music] 00:37:42,800 --> 00:37:45,750 [Music] death Puli was a terrible camp for many 00:37:45,750 --> 00:37:45,760 death Puli was a terrible camp for many 00:37:45,760 --> 00:37:48,790 death Puli was a terrible camp for many reasons not withstanding the water it 00:37:48,790 --> 00:37:48,800 reasons not withstanding the water it 00:37:48,800 --> 00:37:51,670 reasons not withstanding the water it was in a bad situation and it was 00:37:51,670 --> 00:37:51,680 was in a bad situation and it was 00:37:51,680 --> 00:37:53,230 was in a bad situation and it was compounded by the fact that the 00:37:53,230 --> 00:37:53,240 compounded by the fact that the 00:37:53,240 --> 00:37:56,030 compounded by the fact that the mountains that surrounded the camp were 00:37:56,030 --> 00:37:56,040 mountains that surrounded the camp were 00:37:56,040 --> 00:37:58,030 mountains that surrounded the camp were in fact full of Commanders and the 00:37:58,030 --> 00:37:58,040 in fact full of Commanders and the 00:37:58,040 --> 00:38:00,109 in fact full of Commanders and the British knew this I would suggest that 00:38:00,109 --> 00:38:00,119 British knew this I would suggest that 00:38:00,119 --> 00:38:02,790 British knew this I would suggest that the punishment and it was punishment was 00:38:02,790 --> 00:38:02,800 the punishment and it was punishment was 00:38:02,800 --> 00:38:04,510 the punishment and it was punishment was even stricter to women and children in 00:38:04,510 --> 00:38:04,520 even stricter to women and children in 00:38:04,520 --> 00:38:08,069 even stricter to women and children in batuli than it was anywhere 00:38:08,069 --> 00:38:08,079 00:38:08,079 --> 00:38:10,910 else I still feel the main cause of the 00:38:10,910 --> 00:38:10,920 else I still feel the main cause of the 00:38:10,920 --> 00:38:12,790 else I still feel the main cause of the very higher death rate was the polluted 00:38:12,790 --> 00:38:12,800 very higher death rate was the polluted 00:38:12,800 --> 00:38:14,910 very higher death rate was the polluted water because the people living in the 00:38:14,910 --> 00:38:14,920 water because the people living in the 00:38:14,920 --> 00:38:16,790 water because the people living in the camps used water from the stream that 00:38:16,790 --> 00:38:16,800 camps used water from the stream that 00:38:16,800 --> 00:38:21,309 camps used water from the stream that was polluted by the human beings and the 00:38:21,309 --> 00:38:21,319 00:38:21,319 --> 00:38:24,470 Animals Uncle petus Fu from batuli was a 00:38:24,470 --> 00:38:24,480 Animals Uncle petus Fu from batuli was a 00:38:24,480 --> 00:38:27,750 Animals Uncle petus Fu from batuli was a 9-year-old boy at the time and he showed 00:38:27,750 --> 00:38:27,760 9-year-old boy at the time and he showed 00:38:27,760 --> 00:38:29,670 9-year-old boy at the time and he showed me the carcasses of animals that had 00:38:29,670 --> 00:38:29,680 me the carcasses of animals that had 00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:31,829 me the carcasses of animals that had died of cattle plague and had been 00:38:31,829 --> 00:38:31,839 died of cattle plague and had been 00:38:31,839 --> 00:38:34,069 died of cattle plague and had been thrown into the stream which ran past 00:38:34,069 --> 00:38:34,079 thrown into the stream which ran past 00:38:34,079 --> 00:38:35,349 thrown into the stream which ran past the 00:38:35,349 --> 00:38:35,359 the 00:38:35,359 --> 00:38:37,670 the camp and there were worms in the water 00:38:37,670 --> 00:38:37,680 camp and there were worms in the water 00:38:37,680 --> 00:38:43,990 camp and there were worms in the water as well many people died of 00:38:43,990 --> 00:38:44,000 00:38:44,000 --> 00:38:47,829 fever Puli Camp 25 February 00:38:47,829 --> 00:38:47,839 fever Puli Camp 25 February 00:38:47,839 --> 00:38:52,430 fever Puli Camp 25 February 1902 Mr PA fenter today it is 5 days 00:38:52,430 --> 00:38:52,440 1902 Mr PA fenter today it is 5 days 00:38:52,440 --> 00:38:55,030 1902 Mr PA fenter today it is 5 days since we've had a funeral here during 00:38:55,030 --> 00:38:55,040 since we've had a funeral here during 00:38:55,040 --> 00:38:57,109 since we've had a funeral here during the course of the past 8 months there 00:38:57,109 --> 00:38:57,119 the course of the past 8 months there 00:38:57,119 --> 00:39:12,150 the course of the past 8 months there has been a a funeral almost daily dear 00:39:12,150 --> 00:39:12,160 00:39:12,160 --> 00:39:14,430 [Music] 00:39:14,430 --> 00:39:14,440 [Music] 00:39:14,440 --> 00:39:16,829 [Music] brother talk about spring Fontaine which 00:39:16,829 --> 00:39:16,839 brother talk about spring Fontaine which 00:39:16,839 --> 00:39:22,470 brother talk about spring Fontaine which is a far better camp and yet also a bad 00:39:22,470 --> 00:39:22,480 is a far better camp and yet also a bad 00:39:22,480 --> 00:39:25,109 is a far better camp and yet also a bad one what struck me there more than 00:39:25,109 --> 00:39:25,119 one what struck me there more than 00:39:25,119 --> 00:39:28,109 one what struck me there more than anything else was the wind that came 00:39:28,109 --> 00:39:28,119 anything else was the wind that came 00:39:28,119 --> 00:39:30,670 anything else was the wind that came through on a particular 00:39:30,670 --> 00:39:30,680 through on a particular 00:39:30,680 --> 00:39:34,390 through on a particular day uh when I was there and I had a 00:39:34,390 --> 00:39:34,400 day uh when I was there and I had a 00:39:34,400 --> 00:39:37,390 day uh when I was there and I had a thick jacket and I had a thick shirt the 00:39:37,390 --> 00:39:37,400 thick jacket and I had a thick shirt the 00:39:37,400 --> 00:39:39,710 thick jacket and I had a thick shirt the wind came through me like 00:39:39,710 --> 00:39:39,720 wind came through me like 00:39:39,720 --> 00:39:42,630 wind came through me like paper that was it must have been 00:39:42,630 --> 00:39:42,640 paper that was it must have been 00:39:42,640 --> 00:39:44,750 paper that was it must have been appalling nine children the oldest being 00:39:44,750 --> 00:39:44,760 appalling nine children the oldest being 00:39:44,760 --> 00:39:47,550 appalling nine children the oldest being 11 cooped up in a bell tent and they had 00:39:47,550 --> 00:39:47,560 11 cooped up in a bell tent and they had 00:39:47,560 --> 00:39:49,589 11 cooped up in a bell tent and they had to stay there whatever the weather it 00:39:49,589 --> 00:39:49,599 to stay there whatever the weather it 00:39:49,599 --> 00:39:51,750 to stay there whatever the weather it got incredibly hot there so where do you 00:39:51,750 --> 00:39:51,760 got incredibly hot there so where do you 00:39:51,760 --> 00:39:54,550 got incredibly hot there so where do you hide it got hellishly hot in those belt 00:39:54,550 --> 00:39:54,560 hide it got hellishly hot in those belt 00:39:54,560 --> 00:39:56,790 hide it got hellishly hot in those belt dents these people were actually lying 00:39:56,790 --> 00:39:56,800 dents these people were actually lying 00:39:56,800 --> 00:39:58,870 dents these people were actually lying on the floor they had no mattresses they 00:39:58,870 --> 00:39:58,880 on the floor they had no mattresses they 00:39:58,880 --> 00:40:02,030 on the floor they had no mattresses they were in Bell tents which gave very 00:40:02,030 --> 00:40:02,040 were in Bell tents which gave very 00:40:02,040 --> 00:40:04,069 were in Bell tents which gave very little heat or very little cover and 00:40:04,069 --> 00:40:04,079 little heat or very little cover and 00:40:04,079 --> 00:40:07,230 little heat or very little cover and preserved very little heat so they were 00:40:07,230 --> 00:40:07,240 preserved very little heat so they were 00:40:07,240 --> 00:40:09,910 preserved very little heat so they were suffering with these extreme changes of 00:40:09,910 --> 00:40:09,920 suffering with these extreme changes of 00:40:09,920 --> 00:40:12,190 suffering with these extreme changes of temperature a terrible evil just now is 00:40:12,190 --> 00:40:12,200 temperature a terrible evil just now is 00:40:12,200 --> 00:40:14,870 temperature a terrible evil just now is the Dew it is so heavy and comes right 00:40:14,870 --> 00:40:14,880 the Dew it is so heavy and comes right 00:40:14,880 --> 00:40:16,630 the Dew it is so heavy and comes right through the single canvas of the tents 00:40:16,630 --> 00:40:16,640 through the single canvas of the tents 00:40:16,640 --> 00:40:19,270 through the single canvas of the tents wetting everything the night I slept at 00:40:19,270 --> 00:40:19,280 wetting everything the night I slept at 00:40:19,280 --> 00:40:21,349 wetting everything the night I slept at norville's Pont I found this out for 00:40:21,349 --> 00:40:21,359 norville's Pont I found this out for 00:40:21,359 --> 00:40:24,109 norville's Pont I found this out for myself though in a marquee with double 00:40:24,109 --> 00:40:24,119 myself though in a marquee with double 00:40:24,119 --> 00:40:26,829 myself though in a marquee with double canvas all my clothes would damp through 00:40:26,829 --> 00:40:26,839 canvas all my clothes would damp through 00:40:26,839 --> 00:40:28,510 canvas all my clothes would damp through and these people have to put their 00:40:28,510 --> 00:40:28,520 and these people have to put their 00:40:28,520 --> 00:40:31,790 and these people have to put their things on saturated day after day in the 00:40:31,790 --> 00:40:31,800 things on saturated day after day in the 00:40:31,800 --> 00:40:33,750 things on saturated day after day in the morning the gangways are filled with the 00:40:33,750 --> 00:40:33,760 morning the gangways are filled with the 00:40:33,760 --> 00:40:35,790 morning the gangways are filled with the blankets and odds and ends regularly 00:40:35,790 --> 00:40:35,800 blankets and odds and ends regularly 00:40:35,800 --> 00:40:38,670 blankets and odds and ends regularly turned out to dry in the Sun the doctor 00:40:38,670 --> 00:40:38,680 turned out to dry in the Sun the doctor 00:40:38,680 --> 00:40:40,790 turned out to dry in the Sun the doctor told me today he highly disapproved of 00:40:40,790 --> 00:40:40,800 told me today he highly disapproved of 00:40:40,800 --> 00:40:42,870 told me today he highly disapproved of tents for young children and expected a 00:40:42,870 --> 00:40:42,880 tents for young children and expected a 00:40:42,880 --> 00:40:46,309 tents for young children and expected a high mortality before 00:40:46,309 --> 00:40:46,319 00:40:46,319 --> 00:40:48,710 June in the concentration camps there 00:40:48,710 --> 00:40:48,720 June in the concentration camps there 00:40:48,720 --> 00:40:51,550 June in the concentration camps there was an average of 10 people per tent and 00:40:51,550 --> 00:40:51,560 was an average of 10 people per tent and 00:40:51,560 --> 00:40:53,109 was an average of 10 people per tent and then you have to also keep in mind that 00:40:53,109 --> 00:40:53,119 then you have to also keep in mind that 00:40:53,119 --> 00:40:55,430 then you have to also keep in mind that they lived like that they had nowhere 00:40:55,430 --> 00:40:55,440 they lived like that they had nowhere 00:40:55,440 --> 00:40:58,069 they lived like that they had nowhere else to go if you look at the extremely 00:40:58,069 --> 00:40:58,079 else to go if you look at the extremely 00:40:58,079 --> 00:41:00,550 else to go if you look at the extremely high death rate in some camps you'll see 00:41:00,550 --> 00:41:00,560 high death rate in some camps you'll see 00:41:00,560 --> 00:41:02,230 high death rate in some camps you'll see that the average number of people per 00:41:02,230 --> 00:41:02,240 that the average number of people per 00:41:02,240 --> 00:41:05,309 that the average number of people per tent was considerably higher Puli was 00:41:05,309 --> 00:41:05,319 tent was considerably higher Puli was 00:41:05,319 --> 00:41:06,950 tent was considerably higher Puli was the camp with the second highest death 00:41:06,950 --> 00:41:06,960 the camp with the second highest death 00:41:06,960 --> 00:41:09,670 the camp with the second highest death rate 00:41:09,670 --> 00:41:09,680 rate 00:41:09,680 --> 00:41:12,270 rate 1,737 and in the batuli camp an average 00:41:12,270 --> 00:41:12,280 1,737 and in the batuli camp an average 00:41:12,280 --> 00:41:19,069 1,737 and in the batuli camp an average of 18 people slept in a bell 00:41:19,069 --> 00:41:19,079 00:41:19,079 --> 00:41:21,150 tent 00:41:21,150 --> 00:41:21,160 tent 00:41:21,160 --> 00:41:24,910 tent overcrowding that is very great privacy 00:41:24,910 --> 00:41:24,920 overcrowding that is very great privacy 00:41:24,920 --> 00:41:28,390 overcrowding that is very great privacy is impossible in some camps two and even 00:41:28,390 --> 00:41:28,400 is impossible in some camps two and even 00:41:28,400 --> 00:41:31,309 is impossible in some camps two and even three sets of people occupy one tent and 00:41:31,309 --> 00:41:31,319 three sets of people occupy one tent and 00:41:31,319 --> 00:41:33,950 three sets of people occupy one tent and 10 or even 12 persons are frequently 00:41:33,950 --> 00:41:33,960 10 or even 12 persons are frequently 00:41:33,960 --> 00:41:36,470 10 or even 12 persons are frequently herded together in t of which the cubic 00:41:36,470 --> 00:41:36,480 herded together in t of which the cubic 00:41:36,480 --> 00:41:40,790 herded together in t of which the cubic capacity is about 500 cubic feet now the 00:41:40,790 --> 00:41:40,800 capacity is about 500 cubic feet now the 00:41:40,800 --> 00:41:42,670 capacity is about 500 cubic feet now the sanitation was very bad in most of the 00:41:42,670 --> 00:41:42,680 sanitation was very bad in most of the 00:41:42,680 --> 00:41:45,550 sanitation was very bad in most of the camps in bloom Fontaine for example we 00:41:45,550 --> 00:41:45,560 camps in bloom Fontaine for example we 00:41:45,560 --> 00:41:47,670 camps in bloom Fontaine for example we read in the reports of uh the British 00:41:47,670 --> 00:41:47,680 read in the reports of uh the British 00:41:47,680 --> 00:41:50,750 read in the reports of uh the British army that there was one labatory for 00:41:50,750 --> 00:41:50,760 army that there was one labatory for 00:41:50,760 --> 00:41:54,349 army that there was one labatory for every 300 persons 4,600 women and 00:41:54,349 --> 00:41:54,359 every 300 persons 4,600 women and 00:41:54,359 --> 00:41:57,470 every 300 persons 4,600 women and children in the camp and you had 28 00:41:57,470 --> 00:41:57,480 children in the camp and you had 28 00:41:57,480 --> 00:41:59,870 children in the camp and you had 28 bucket pale 00:41:59,870 --> 00:41:59,880 bucket pale 00:41:59,880 --> 00:42:05,589 bucket pale toilets now with dentry typhoid 00:42:05,589 --> 00:42:05,599 toilets now with dentry typhoid 00:42:05,599 --> 00:42:10,150 toilets now with dentry typhoid diara pneumonia rampant meol rampant 00:42:10,150 --> 00:42:10,160 diara pneumonia rampant meol rampant 00:42:10,160 --> 00:42:13,510 diara pneumonia rampant meol rampant throughout the camp how is it humanly 00:42:13,510 --> 00:42:13,520 throughout the camp how is it humanly 00:42:13,520 --> 00:42:17,470 throughout the camp how is it humanly possible to get from your tent almost a 00:42:17,470 --> 00:42:17,480 possible to get from your tent almost a 00:42:17,480 --> 00:42:22,230 possible to get from your tent almost a kilometer away to a lri so you couldn't 00:42:22,230 --> 00:42:22,240 kilometer away to a lri so you couldn't 00:42:22,240 --> 00:42:24,710 kilometer away to a lri so you couldn't the ground was fouled the UIA reaching 00:42:24,710 --> 00:42:24,720 the ground was fouled the UIA reaching 00:42:24,720 --> 00:42:26,510 the ground was fouled the UIA reaching one side of the camp makes those tents 00:42:26,510 --> 00:42:26,520 one side of the camp makes those tents 00:42:26,520 --> 00:42:28,790 one side of the camp makes those tents at some sometimes unbearable and has 00:42:28,790 --> 00:42:28,800 at some sometimes unbearable and has 00:42:28,800 --> 00:42:31,109 at some sometimes unbearable and has resulted in tonsilitis and various 00:42:31,109 --> 00:42:31,119 resulted in tonsilitis and various 00:42:31,119 --> 00:42:33,750 resulted in tonsilitis and various throat troubles the people feel these 00:42:33,750 --> 00:42:33,760 throat troubles the people feel these 00:42:33,760 --> 00:42:36,270 throat troubles the people feel these places a terrible degradation if you 00:42:36,270 --> 00:42:36,280 places a terrible degradation if you 00:42:36,280 --> 00:42:38,670 places a terrible degradation if you take the camp in batuli as an 00:42:38,670 --> 00:42:38,680 take the camp in batuli as an 00:42:38,680 --> 00:42:43,390 take the camp in batuli as an example the sanitation consisted of 00:42:43,390 --> 00:42:43,400 example the sanitation consisted of 00:42:43,400 --> 00:42:46,870 example the sanitation consisted of trenches dug in the soil there and now 00:42:46,870 --> 00:42:46,880 trenches dug in the soil there and now 00:42:46,880 --> 00:42:49,430 trenches dug in the soil there and now you ask now how do you use a trench they 00:42:49,430 --> 00:42:49,440 you ask now how do you use a trench they 00:42:49,440 --> 00:42:51,349 you ask now how do you use a trench they was very easy you place logs across the 00:42:51,349 --> 00:42:51,359 was very easy you place logs across the 00:42:51,359 --> 00:42:53,630 was very easy you place logs across the trench people fell 00:42:53,630 --> 00:42:53,640 trench people fell 00:42:53,640 --> 00:42:59,990 trench people fell in children fell in assuming that this 00:42:59,990 --> 00:43:00,000 in children fell in assuming that this 00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:03,750 in children fell in assuming that this happens where do you go to clean that 00:43:03,750 --> 00:43:03,760 happens where do you go to clean that 00:43:03,760 --> 00:43:07,470 happens where do you go to clean that child the great lack has been soap 00:43:07,470 --> 00:43:07,480 child the great lack has been soap 00:43:07,480 --> 00:43:09,549 child the great lack has been soap neither in this Camp nor in norval's 00:43:09,549 --> 00:43:09,559 neither in this Camp nor in norval's 00:43:09,559 --> 00:43:11,870 neither in this Camp nor in norval's Pont has any been supplied and those 00:43:11,870 --> 00:43:11,880 Pont has any been supplied and those 00:43:11,880 --> 00:43:13,790 Pont has any been supplied and those without money have been unable to wash 00:43:13,790 --> 00:43:13,800 without money have been unable to wash 00:43:13,800 --> 00:43:16,510 without money have been unable to wash clothes or person properly men don't 00:43:16,510 --> 00:43:16,520 clothes or person properly men don't 00:43:16,520 --> 00:43:17,910 clothes or person properly men don't think of these things unless it is 00:43:17,910 --> 00:43:17,920 think of these things unless it is 00:43:17,920 --> 00:43:19,750 think of these things unless it is suggested to them they simply say how 00:43:19,750 --> 00:43:19,760 suggested to them they simply say how 00:43:19,760 --> 00:43:23,430 suggested to them they simply say how dirty these people are how can you have 00:43:23,430 --> 00:43:23,440 dirty these people are how can you have 00:43:23,440 --> 00:43:25,990 dirty these people are how can you have for instance 4,600 women and children 00:43:25,990 --> 00:43:26,000 for instance 4,600 women and children 00:43:26,000 --> 00:43:28,910 for instance 4,600 women and children and some old men and frail old ladies in 00:43:28,910 --> 00:43:28,920 and some old men and frail old ladies in 00:43:28,920 --> 00:43:31,470 and some old men and frail old ladies in a camp and not give them 00:43:31,470 --> 00:43:31,480 a camp and not give them 00:43:31,480 --> 00:43:35,870 a camp and not give them soap soap became a ration only uh a 00:43:35,870 --> 00:43:35,880 soap soap became a ration only uh a 00:43:35,880 --> 00:43:38,349 soap soap became a ration only uh a month or two before peace then there is 00:43:38,349 --> 00:43:38,359 month or two before peace then there is 00:43:38,359 --> 00:43:41,230 month or two before peace then there is the water supply it has in many cases 00:43:41,230 --> 00:43:41,240 the water supply it has in many cases 00:43:41,240 --> 00:43:45,270 the water supply it has in many cases been extremely bad extremely impure and 00:43:45,270 --> 00:43:45,280 been extremely bad extremely impure and 00:43:45,280 --> 00:43:46,670 been extremely bad extremely impure and extremely 00:43:46,670 --> 00:43:46,680 extremely 00:43:46,680 --> 00:43:49,549 extremely insufficient my my grandmother was a 00:43:49,549 --> 00:43:49,559 insufficient my my grandmother was a 00:43:49,559 --> 00:43:51,670 insufficient my my grandmother was a little girl in the bloom Fontaine camp 00:43:51,670 --> 00:43:51,680 little girl in the bloom Fontaine camp 00:43:51,680 --> 00:43:53,190 little girl in the bloom Fontaine camp and to the day of her death she wore 00:43:53,190 --> 00:43:53,200 and to the day of her death she wore 00:43:53,200 --> 00:43:56,150 and to the day of her death she wore lace up shoes and thick stockings I 00:43:56,150 --> 00:43:56,160 lace up shoes and thick stockings I 00:43:56,160 --> 00:43:58,309 lace up shoes and thick stockings I could see the white on her feet but I 00:43:58,309 --> 00:43:58,319 could see the white on her feet but I 00:43:58,319 --> 00:44:00,630 could see the white on her feet but I never realized what they were until just 00:44:00,630 --> 00:44:00,640 never realized what they were until just 00:44:00,640 --> 00:44:02,470 never realized what they were until just before she died they were water 00:44:02,470 --> 00:44:02,480 before she died they were water 00:44:02,480 --> 00:44:04,270 before she died they were water restrictions and every day they were 00:44:04,270 --> 00:44:04,280 restrictions and every day they were 00:44:04,280 --> 00:44:06,230 restrictions and every day they were given just enough water to make one 00:44:06,230 --> 00:44:06,240 given just enough water to make one 00:44:06,240 --> 00:44:08,470 given just enough water to make one Kettle full of coffee but the children 00:44:08,470 --> 00:44:08,480 Kettle full of coffee but the children 00:44:08,480 --> 00:44:10,430 Kettle full of coffee but the children elbowed one another and some were pushed 00:44:10,430 --> 00:44:10,440 elbowed one another and some were pushed 00:44:10,440 --> 00:44:12,150 elbowed one another and some were pushed off their feet in their attempts to get 00:44:12,150 --> 00:44:12,160 off their feet in their attempts to get 00:44:12,160 --> 00:44:14,829 off their feet in their attempts to get hold of this little bit of water often 00:44:14,829 --> 00:44:14,839 hold of this little bit of water often 00:44:14,839 --> 00:44:16,870 hold of this little bit of water often some of the little ones being only four 00:44:16,870 --> 00:44:16,880 some of the little ones being only four 00:44:16,880 --> 00:44:20,030 some of the little ones being only four or 5 years old were often knocked over 00:44:20,030 --> 00:44:20,040 or 5 years old were often knocked over 00:44:20,040 --> 00:44:21,910 or 5 years old were often knocked over and that's how my grandmother sustained 00:44:21,910 --> 00:44:21,920 and that's how my grandmother sustained 00:44:21,920 --> 00:44:27,470 and that's how my grandmother sustained third degree burns 00:44:27,470 --> 00:44:27,480 00:44:27,480 --> 00:44:29,710 in lentine for instance they rationed 00:44:29,710 --> 00:44:29,720 in lentine for instance they rationed 00:44:29,720 --> 00:44:32,670 in lentine for instance they rationed water they got one bucket of water per 00:44:32,670 --> 00:44:32,680 water they got one bucket of water per 00:44:32,680 --> 00:44:35,950 water they got one bucket of water per day per family in the beginning that was 00:44:35,950 --> 00:44:35,960 day per family in the beginning that was 00:44:35,960 --> 00:44:38,990 day per family in the beginning that was for cooking and cleaning 00:44:38,990 --> 00:44:39,000 for cooking and cleaning 00:44:39,000 --> 00:44:41,910 for cooking and cleaning purposes second they have no extra 00:44:41,910 --> 00:44:41,920 purposes second they have no extra 00:44:41,920 --> 00:44:44,309 purposes second they have no extra utensil to hold the water when 00:44:44,309 --> 00:44:44,319 utensil to hold the water when 00:44:44,319 --> 00:44:47,030 utensil to hold the water when boiled I propose therefore to give each 00:44:47,030 --> 00:44:47,040 boiled I propose therefore to give each 00:44:47,040 --> 00:44:49,630 boiled I propose therefore to give each tent another pale or Croc and get a 00:44:49,630 --> 00:44:49,640 tent another pale or Croc and get a 00:44:49,640 --> 00:44:51,710 tent another pale or Croc and get a proclamation issued that all drinking 00:44:51,710 --> 00:44:51,720 proclamation issued that all drinking 00:44:51,720 --> 00:44:57,750 proclamation issued that all drinking water must be boiled 00:44:57,750 --> 00:44:57,760 00:44:57,760 --> 00:45:01,910 the woman had to make do with very 00:45:01,910 --> 00:45:01,920 the woman had to make do with very 00:45:01,920 --> 00:45:03,430 the woman had to make do with very little 00:45:03,430 --> 00:45:03,440 little 00:45:03,440 --> 00:45:05,990 little firewood that was also 00:45:05,990 --> 00:45:06,000 firewood that was also 00:45:06,000 --> 00:45:09,470 firewood that was also rationed and our generation doesn't 00:45:09,470 --> 00:45:09,480 rationed and our generation doesn't 00:45:09,480 --> 00:45:12,510 rationed and our generation doesn't realize how those children suffered they 00:45:12,510 --> 00:45:12,520 realize how those children suffered they 00:45:12,520 --> 00:45:14,990 realize how those children suffered they had to walk for Miles many kilometers to 00:45:14,990 --> 00:45:15,000 had to walk for Miles many kilometers to 00:45:15,000 --> 00:45:16,870 had to walk for Miles many kilometers to get a bit of wood and when they came 00:45:16,870 --> 00:45:16,880 get a bit of wood and when they came 00:45:16,880 --> 00:45:18,630 get a bit of wood and when they came back with a wood the guard at the gate 00:45:18,630 --> 00:45:18,640 back with a wood the guard at the gate 00:45:18,640 --> 00:45:20,870 back with a wood the guard at the gate took it from them then no bread could be 00:45:20,870 --> 00:45:20,880 took it from them then no bread could be 00:45:20,880 --> 00:45:30,470 took it from them then no bread could be baked on those days 00:45:30,470 --> 00:45:30,480 00:45:30,480 --> 00:45:32,990 fuel is very scarce that which is 00:45:32,990 --> 00:45:33,000 fuel is very scarce that which is 00:45:33,000 --> 00:45:35,270 fuel is very scarce that which is supplied weekly would not cook a meal a 00:45:35,270 --> 00:45:35,280 supplied weekly would not cook a meal a 00:45:35,280 --> 00:45:37,309 supplied weekly would not cook a meal a day and they have to search the already 00:45:37,309 --> 00:45:37,319 day and they have to search the already 00:45:37,319 --> 00:45:40,150 day and they have to search the already bare copies for a supply there is hardly 00:45:40,150 --> 00:45:40,160 bare copies for a supply there is hardly 00:45:40,160 --> 00:45:41,430 bare copies for a supply there is hardly a bit to be 00:45:41,430 --> 00:45:41,440 a bit to be 00:45:41,440 --> 00:45:49,470 a bit to be [Music] 00:45:49,470 --> 00:45:49,480 00:45:49,480 --> 00:45:52,309 had the planning for the concentration 00:45:52,309 --> 00:45:52,319 had the planning for the concentration 00:45:52,319 --> 00:45:55,710 had the planning for the concentration camps took less than a month the camps 00:45:55,710 --> 00:45:55,720 camps took less than a month the camps 00:45:55,720 --> 00:45:58,109 camps took less than a month the camps were run by the mil 00:45:58,109 --> 00:45:58,119 were run by the mil 00:45:58,119 --> 00:46:01,309 were run by the mil they were designed for far smaller 00:46:01,309 --> 00:46:01,319 they were designed for far smaller 00:46:01,319 --> 00:46:04,549 they were designed for far smaller numbers than were herded into them the 00:46:04,549 --> 00:46:04,559 numbers than were herded into them the 00:46:04,559 --> 00:46:08,190 numbers than were herded into them the resources of water uh food above all 00:46:08,190 --> 00:46:08,200 resources of water uh food above all 00:46:08,200 --> 00:46:13,589 resources of water uh food above all medical and nursing uh care were grossly 00:46:13,589 --> 00:46:13,599 medical and nursing uh care were grossly 00:46:13,599 --> 00:46:15,790 medical and nursing uh care were grossly inadequate and 00:46:15,790 --> 00:46:15,800 inadequate and 00:46:15,800 --> 00:46:18,549 inadequate and maladministration and one has to put it 00:46:18,549 --> 00:46:18,559 maladministration and one has to put it 00:46:18,559 --> 00:46:24,589 maladministration and one has to put it simple low 00:46:24,589 --> 00:46:24,599 00:46:24,599 --> 00:46:27,630 priority the British had 24 40,000 00:46:27,630 --> 00:46:27,640 priority the British had 24 40,000 00:46:27,640 --> 00:46:29,710 priority the British had 24 40,000 soldiers in South Africa and in addition 00:46:29,710 --> 00:46:29,720 soldiers in South Africa and in addition 00:46:29,720 --> 00:46:33,349 soldiers in South Africa and in addition to that upwards of 235,000 people in 00:46:33,349 --> 00:46:33,359 to that upwards of 235,000 people in 00:46:33,359 --> 00:46:35,950 to that upwards of 235,000 people in concentration camps white and black they 00:46:35,950 --> 00:46:35,960 concentration camps white and black they 00:46:35,960 --> 00:46:38,190 concentration camps white and black they had to supply with 00:46:38,190 --> 00:46:38,200 had to supply with 00:46:38,200 --> 00:46:40,270 had to supply with Provisions in other words they had to 00:46:40,270 --> 00:46:40,280 Provisions in other words they had to 00:46:40,280 --> 00:46:42,670 Provisions in other words they had to supply daily Provisions to a half a 00:46:42,670 --> 00:46:42,680 supply daily Provisions to a half a 00:46:42,680 --> 00:46:45,150 supply daily Provisions to a half a million people while most of the Farms 00:46:45,150 --> 00:46:45,160 million people while most of the Farms 00:46:45,160 --> 00:46:47,829 million people while most of the Farms had been burnt down the logistics of 00:46:47,829 --> 00:46:47,839 had been burnt down the logistics of 00:46:47,839 --> 00:46:49,510 had been burnt down the logistics of getting those Provisions to the people 00:46:49,510 --> 00:46:49,520 getting those Provisions to the people 00:46:49,520 --> 00:46:53,069 getting those Provisions to the people at the right time were virtually 00:46:53,069 --> 00:46:53,079 at the right time were virtually 00:46:53,079 --> 00:46:55,510 at the right time were virtually impossible kitchen also had a system 00:46:55,510 --> 00:46:55,520 impossible kitchen also had a system 00:46:55,520 --> 00:46:57,349 impossible kitchen also had a system whereby 00:46:57,349 --> 00:46:57,359 whereby 00:46:57,359 --> 00:46:58,990 whereby if you were on Commando if your husband 00:46:58,990 --> 00:46:59,000 if you were on Commando if your husband 00:46:59,000 --> 00:47:01,390 if you were on Commando if your husband was on Commando you got half the rations 00:47:01,390 --> 00:47:01,400 was on Commando you got half the rations 00:47:01,400 --> 00:47:03,390 was on Commando you got half the rations of the women whose husbands were not as 00:47:03,390 --> 00:47:03,400 of the women whose husbands were not as 00:47:03,400 --> 00:47:05,109 of the women whose husbands were not as to the differentiation of rations 00:47:05,109 --> 00:47:05,119 to the differentiation of rations 00:47:05,119 --> 00:47:06,990 to the differentiation of rations between those whose husbands and fathers 00:47:06,990 --> 00:47:07,000 between those whose husbands and fathers 00:47:07,000 --> 00:47:08,790 between those whose husbands and fathers have surrendered and those whose 00:47:08,790 --> 00:47:08,800 have surrendered and those whose 00:47:08,800 --> 00:47:11,390 have surrendered and those whose relatives are still on Commando I will 00:47:11,390 --> 00:47:11,400 relatives are still on Commando I will 00:47:11,400 --> 00:47:13,790 relatives are still on Commando I will say that a more diabolical Arrangement 00:47:13,790 --> 00:47:13,800 say that a more diabolical Arrangement 00:47:13,800 --> 00:47:16,230 say that a more diabolical Arrangement was never entered into by any Civilized 00:47:16,230 --> 00:47:16,240 was never entered into by any Civilized 00:47:16,240 --> 00:47:20,630 was never entered into by any Civilized Nation early on the instructions were 00:47:20,630 --> 00:47:20,640 Nation early on the instructions were 00:47:20,640 --> 00:47:23,430 Nation early on the instructions were that uh people who had come to the camp 00:47:23,430 --> 00:47:23,440 that uh people who had come to the camp 00:47:23,440 --> 00:47:26,270 that uh people who had come to the camp because of Acts of war and they had 00:47:26,270 --> 00:47:26,280 because of Acts of war and they had 00:47:26,280 --> 00:47:27,750 because of Acts of war and they had actually 00:47:27,750 --> 00:47:27,760 actually 00:47:27,760 --> 00:47:29,589 actually innocence within that they would be 00:47:29,589 --> 00:47:29,599 innocence within that they would be 00:47:29,599 --> 00:47:31,790 innocence within that they would be given the ration a which included a 00:47:31,790 --> 00:47:31,800 given the ration a which included a 00:47:31,800 --> 00:47:33,430 given the ration a which included a portion of 00:47:33,430 --> 00:47:33,440 portion of 00:47:33,440 --> 00:47:36,109 portion of meat those however who were belligerent 00:47:36,109 --> 00:47:36,119 meat those however who were belligerent 00:47:36,119 --> 00:47:38,309 meat those however who were belligerent and were in the camps would not be given 00:47:38,309 --> 00:47:38,319 and were in the camps would not be given 00:47:38,319 --> 00:47:41,230 and were in the camps would not be given the meat but then this changes once they 00:47:41,230 --> 00:47:41,240 the meat but then this changes once they 00:47:41,240 --> 00:47:43,430 the meat but then this changes once they discover these situations within the 00:47:43,430 --> 00:47:43,440 discover these situations within the 00:47:43,440 --> 00:47:47,750 discover these situations within the camps uh is so dire they change it so 00:47:47,750 --> 00:47:47,760 camps uh is so dire they change it so 00:47:47,760 --> 00:47:49,549 camps uh is so dire they change it so actually basically putting everybody on 00:47:49,549 --> 00:47:49,559 actually basically putting everybody on 00:47:49,559 --> 00:47:52,309 actually basically putting everybody on the a ration so everybody gets meat and 00:47:52,309 --> 00:47:52,319 the a ration so everybody gets meat and 00:47:52,319 --> 00:47:55,510 the a ration so everybody gets meat and everybody gets the basic 00:47:55,510 --> 00:47:55,520 everybody gets the basic 00:47:55,520 --> 00:47:58,270 everybody gets the basic ration it was about 1 and 1/2 cups of M 00:47:58,270 --> 00:47:58,280 ration it was about 1 and 1/2 cups of M 00:47:58,280 --> 00:48:01,710 ration it was about 1 and 1/2 cups of M or Bo meal 2 teaspoon fulls of sugar a 00:48:01,710 --> 00:48:01,720 or Bo meal 2 teaspoon fulls of sugar a 00:48:01,720 --> 00:48:03,390 or Bo meal 2 teaspoon fulls of sugar a tablespoon full of coffee and a 00:48:03,390 --> 00:48:03,400 tablespoon full of coffee and a 00:48:03,400 --> 00:48:06,630 tablespoon full of coffee and a tablespoon full of salt 1 12th of a tin 00:48:06,630 --> 00:48:06,640 tablespoon full of salt 1 12th of a tin 00:48:06,640 --> 00:48:09,349 tablespoon full of salt 1 12th of a tin of condensed milk and some meat if there 00:48:09,349 --> 00:48:09,359 of condensed milk and some meat if there 00:48:09,359 --> 00:48:10,630 of condensed milk and some meat if there was any 00:48:10,630 --> 00:48:10,640 was any 00:48:10,640 --> 00:48:13,670 was any available and uh it was in such a small 00:48:13,670 --> 00:48:13,680 available and uh it was in such a small 00:48:13,680 --> 00:48:16,990 available and uh it was in such a small scale that one woman complained that the 00:48:16,990 --> 00:48:17,000 scale that one woman complained that the 00:48:17,000 --> 00:48:20,790 scale that one woman complained that the food is too much to die from and too 00:48:20,790 --> 00:48:20,800 food is too much to die from and too 00:48:20,800 --> 00:48:23,710 food is too much to die from and too little to live from the quantity of the 00:48:23,710 --> 00:48:23,720 little to live from the quantity of the 00:48:23,720 --> 00:48:26,510 little to live from the quantity of the food is less I carefully compared it 00:48:26,510 --> 00:48:26,520 food is less I carefully compared it 00:48:26,520 --> 00:48:28,309 food is less I carefully compared it than the amount allowed in this country 00:48:28,309 --> 00:48:28,319 than the amount allowed in this country 00:48:28,319 --> 00:48:30,390 than the amount allowed in this country to criminals under hard 00:48:30,390 --> 00:48:30,400 to criminals under hard 00:48:30,400 --> 00:48:32,790 to criminals under hard labor here is the official report of the 00:48:32,790 --> 00:48:32,800 labor here is the official report of the 00:48:32,800 --> 00:48:35,230 labor here is the official report of the medical officer in this very Camp about 00:48:35,230 --> 00:48:35,240 medical officer in this very Camp about 00:48:35,240 --> 00:48:36,829 medical officer in this very Camp about which we are inquiring 00:48:36,829 --> 00:48:36,839 which we are inquiring 00:48:36,839 --> 00:48:40,190 which we are inquiring today examine samples of the mes and of 00:48:40,190 --> 00:48:40,200 today examine samples of the mes and of 00:48:40,200 --> 00:48:43,670 today examine samples of the mes and of the sugar used sample one moldy and 00:48:43,670 --> 00:48:43,680 the sugar used sample one moldy and 00:48:43,680 --> 00:48:46,670 the sugar used sample one moldy and contains might unfit for human 00:48:46,670 --> 00:48:46,680 contains might unfit for human 00:48:46,680 --> 00:48:49,230 contains might unfit for human consumption this is given to Little 00:48:49,230 --> 00:48:49,240 consumption this is given to Little 00:48:49,240 --> 00:48:53,190 consumption this is given to Little Children sample two contains might but I 00:48:53,190 --> 00:48:53,200 Children sample two contains might but I 00:48:53,200 --> 00:48:55,870 Children sample two contains might but I could not discover any living might it 00:48:55,870 --> 00:48:55,880 could not discover any living might it 00:48:55,880 --> 00:48:58,789 could not discover any living might it is very dangerous as human food there is 00:48:58,789 --> 00:48:58,799 is very dangerous as human food there is 00:48:58,799 --> 00:49:01,190 is very dangerous as human food there is enough evidence 00:49:01,190 --> 00:49:01,200 enough evidence 00:49:01,200 --> 00:49:03,030 enough evidence of 00:49:03,030 --> 00:49:03,040 of 00:49:03,040 --> 00:49:06,710 of purposeful addition of foreign stuff to 00:49:06,710 --> 00:49:06,720 purposeful addition of foreign stuff to 00:49:06,720 --> 00:49:07,829 purposeful addition of foreign stuff to the food 00:49:07,829 --> 00:49:07,839 the food 00:49:07,839 --> 00:49:12,069 the food stuffs there were these Barbed hooks in 00:49:12,069 --> 00:49:12,079 stuffs there were these Barbed hooks in 00:49:12,079 --> 00:49:16,270 stuffs there were these Barbed hooks in the meat that's what that kitchen 00:49:16,270 --> 00:49:16,280 the meat that's what that kitchen 00:49:16,280 --> 00:49:19,230 the meat that's what that kitchen did my grandmother swear it was poisoned 00:49:19,230 --> 00:49:19,240 did my grandmother swear it was poisoned 00:49:19,240 --> 00:49:21,190 did my grandmother swear it was poisoned you know there was glass in it and she's 00:49:21,190 --> 00:49:21,200 you know there was glass in it and she's 00:49:21,200 --> 00:49:22,470 you know there was glass in it and she's had the proof you know with the little 00:49:22,470 --> 00:49:22,480 had the proof you know with the little 00:49:22,480 --> 00:49:24,789 had the proof you know with the little steel hooks in it and the whole toot to 00:49:24,789 --> 00:49:24,799 steel hooks in it and the whole toot to 00:49:24,799 --> 00:49:28,470 steel hooks in it and the whole toot to what extent that was practice I wouldn't 00:49:28,470 --> 00:49:28,480 what extent that was practice I wouldn't 00:49:28,480 --> 00:49:34,069 what extent that was practice I wouldn't be able but that it happened is a 00:49:34,069 --> 00:49:34,079 00:49:34,079 --> 00:49:36,630 fact the hooks came out of tins of 00:49:36,630 --> 00:49:36,640 fact the hooks came out of tins of 00:49:36,640 --> 00:49:39,150 fact the hooks came out of tins of canned meat from the USA it was part of 00:49:39,150 --> 00:49:39,160 canned meat from the USA it was part of 00:49:39,160 --> 00:49:40,829 canned meat from the USA it was part of a huge 00:49:40,829 --> 00:49:40,839 a huge 00:49:40,839 --> 00:49:43,190 a huge shipment it's very difficult to prove 00:49:43,190 --> 00:49:43,200 shipment it's very difficult to prove 00:49:43,200 --> 00:49:46,750 shipment it's very difficult to prove that the hooks were put in the tins on 00:49:46,750 --> 00:49:46,760 that the hooks were put in the tins on 00:49:46,760 --> 00:49:49,630 that the hooks were put in the tins on purpose well if you look at Epsom salts 00:49:49,630 --> 00:49:49,640 purpose well if you look at Epsom salts 00:49:49,640 --> 00:49:51,470 purpose well if you look at Epsom salts which the British use if their horses 00:49:51,470 --> 00:49:51,480 which the British use if their horses 00:49:51,480 --> 00:49:53,510 which the British use if their horses get sick if their roses are dying or 00:49:53,510 --> 00:49:53,520 get sick if their roses are dying or 00:49:53,520 --> 00:49:57,270 get sick if their roses are dying or anything it's called angel in Africa 00:49:57,270 --> 00:49:57,280 anything it's called angel in Africa 00:49:57,280 --> 00:49:59,430 anything it's called angel in Africa and I'm sure that what they fed those 00:49:59,430 --> 00:49:59,440 and I'm sure that what they fed those 00:49:59,440 --> 00:50:01,990 and I'm sure that what they fed those people was not ground glass but EPs and 00:50:01,990 --> 00:50:02,000 people was not ground glass but EPs and 00:50:02,000 --> 00:50:04,670 people was not ground glass but EPs and salts and you had the Preposterous ideas 00:50:04,670 --> 00:50:04,680 salts and you had the Preposterous ideas 00:50:04,680 --> 00:50:07,109 salts and you had the Preposterous ideas like ground glass in the diet at Bloom 00:50:07,109 --> 00:50:07,119 like ground glass in the diet at Bloom 00:50:07,119 --> 00:50:09,030 like ground glass in the diet at Bloom Fain and things and actually the war 00:50:09,030 --> 00:50:09,040 Fain and things and actually the war 00:50:09,040 --> 00:50:12,069 Fain and things and actually the war museum at Bloom faine was an amazing uh 00:50:12,069 --> 00:50:12,079 museum at Bloom faine was an amazing uh 00:50:12,079 --> 00:50:14,270 museum at Bloom faine was an amazing uh exhibition of kind of race hatred in 00:50:14,270 --> 00:50:14,280 exhibition of kind of race hatred in 00:50:14,280 --> 00:50:17,990 exhibition of kind of race hatred in which uh you know allegations of of of 00:50:17,990 --> 00:50:18,000 which uh you know allegations of of of 00:50:18,000 --> 00:50:20,190 which uh you know allegations of of of deliberate attempts to poison uh people 00:50:20,190 --> 00:50:20,200 deliberate attempts to poison uh people 00:50:20,200 --> 00:50:27,390 deliberate attempts to poison uh people with ground glass and things 00:50:27,390 --> 00:50:27,400 00:50:27,400 --> 00:50:29,829 one should not forget that black 00:50:29,829 --> 00:50:29,839 one should not forget that black 00:50:29,839 --> 00:50:32,270 one should not forget that black concentration camps were also 00:50:32,270 --> 00:50:32,280 concentration camps were also 00:50:32,280 --> 00:50:34,670 concentration camps were also established even though far less was 00:50:34,670 --> 00:50:34,680 established even though far less was 00:50:34,680 --> 00:50:37,510 established even though far less was reported about them uh at the time the 00:50:37,510 --> 00:50:37,520 reported about them uh at the time the 00:50:37,520 --> 00:50:39,589 reported about them uh at the time the historical writings of the 20th century 00:50:39,589 --> 00:50:39,599 historical writings of the 20th century 00:50:39,599 --> 00:50:43,309 historical writings of the 20th century on the Anglo B War neglected this part 00:50:43,309 --> 00:50:43,319 on the Anglo B War neglected this part 00:50:43,319 --> 00:50:46,190 on the Anglo B War neglected this part of camps in the case of the black people 00:50:46,190 --> 00:50:46,200 of camps in the case of the black people 00:50:46,200 --> 00:50:48,589 of camps in the case of the black people to a large extent I do wish someone 00:50:48,589 --> 00:50:48,599 to a large extent I do wish someone 00:50:48,599 --> 00:50:50,190 to a large extent I do wish someone would come out and take up the question 00:50:50,190 --> 00:50:50,200 would come out and take up the question 00:50:50,200 --> 00:50:53,829 would come out and take up the question of the Native camps from odd bits I hear 00:50:53,829 --> 00:50:53,839 of the Native camps from odd bits I hear 00:50:53,839 --> 00:50:56,390 of the Native camps from odd bits I hear it would seem to be much needed there is 00:50:56,390 --> 00:50:56,400 it would seem to be much needed there is 00:50:56,400 --> 00:50:58,670 it would seem to be much needed there is some some 00:50:58,670 --> 00:50:58,680 some some 00:50:58,680 --> 00:51:00,829 some some indication that because of the shortage 00:51:00,829 --> 00:51:00,839 indication that because of the shortage 00:51:00,839 --> 00:51:03,030 indication that because of the shortage of Housing and the terrible deprivation 00:51:03,030 --> 00:51:03,040 of Housing and the terrible deprivation 00:51:03,040 --> 00:51:05,870 of Housing and the terrible deprivation which the Bor families underw in those 00:51:05,870 --> 00:51:05,880 which the Bor families underw in those 00:51:05,880 --> 00:51:09,510 which the Bor families underw in those camps that very often the black servants 00:51:09,510 --> 00:51:09,520 camps that very often the black servants 00:51:09,520 --> 00:51:12,349 camps that very often the black servants particularly the women of course lived 00:51:12,349 --> 00:51:12,359 particularly the women of course lived 00:51:12,359 --> 00:51:15,390 particularly the women of course lived in the same tent people who had grown up 00:51:15,390 --> 00:51:15,400 in the same tent people who had grown up 00:51:15,400 --> 00:51:18,230 in the same tent people who had grown up with poor families and they were in many 00:51:18,230 --> 00:51:18,240 with poor families and they were in many 00:51:18,240 --> 00:51:20,430 with poor families and they were in many instances part of that 00:51:20,430 --> 00:51:20,440 instances part of that 00:51:20,440 --> 00:51:23,750 instances part of that family when the wom and children were 00:51:23,750 --> 00:51:23,760 family when the wom and children were 00:51:23,760 --> 00:51:25,470 family when the wom and children were taken away a lot of these black people 00:51:25,470 --> 00:51:25,480 taken away a lot of these black people 00:51:25,480 --> 00:51:27,750 taken away a lot of these black people went with them they were also put into 00:51:27,750 --> 00:51:27,760 went with them they were also put into 00:51:27,760 --> 00:51:28,710 went with them they were also put into the same 00:51:28,710 --> 00:51:28,720 the same 00:51:28,720 --> 00:51:31,549 the same camps and then they were separated the 00:51:31,549 --> 00:51:31,559 camps and then they were separated the 00:51:31,559 --> 00:51:33,030 camps and then they were separated the black women who are in the white camps 00:51:33,030 --> 00:51:33,040 black women who are in the white camps 00:51:33,040 --> 00:51:34,309 black women who are in the white camps for instance you'll often see in the 00:51:34,309 --> 00:51:34,319 for instance you'll often see in the 00:51:34,319 --> 00:51:38,030 for instance you'll often see in the reports they'll say three black servants 00:51:38,030 --> 00:51:38,040 reports they'll say three black servants 00:51:38,040 --> 00:51:40,829 reports they'll say three black servants or every mind no rations they weren't 00:51:40,829 --> 00:51:40,839 or every mind no rations they weren't 00:51:40,839 --> 00:51:42,390 or every mind no rations they weren't given rations so the worldwoman either 00:51:42,390 --> 00:51:42,400 given rations so the worldwoman either 00:51:42,400 --> 00:51:44,789 given rations so the worldwoman either had to share their rations with the 00:51:44,789 --> 00:51:44,799 had to share their rations with the 00:51:44,799 --> 00:51:48,349 had to share their rations with the black women or the women had to somehow 00:51:48,349 --> 00:51:48,359 black women or the women had to somehow 00:51:48,359 --> 00:51:50,390 black women or the women had to somehow find something to live on themselves in 00:51:50,390 --> 00:51:50,400 find something to live on themselves in 00:51:50,400 --> 00:51:52,870 find something to live on themselves in many instances you had white camps close 00:51:52,870 --> 00:51:52,880 many instances you had white camps close 00:51:52,880 --> 00:51:55,589 many instances you had white camps close to Black camps for the simple reason 00:51:55,589 --> 00:51:55,599 to Black camps for the simple reason 00:51:55,599 --> 00:51:58,390 to Black camps for the simple reason that they were close to the railway line 00:51:58,390 --> 00:51:58,400 that they were close to the railway line 00:51:58,400 --> 00:52:00,549 that they were close to the railway line when the first camps were formed around 00:52:00,549 --> 00:52:00,559 when the first camps were formed around 00:52:00,559 --> 00:52:02,030 when the first camps were formed around the white 00:52:02,030 --> 00:52:02,040 the white 00:52:02,040 --> 00:52:04,910 the white camps at first they were given no 00:52:04,910 --> 00:52:04,920 camps at first they were given no 00:52:04,920 --> 00:52:07,309 camps at first they were given no rations but if they would come in the 00:52:07,309 --> 00:52:07,319 rations but if they would come in the 00:52:07,319 --> 00:52:09,510 rations but if they would come in the white camp and clean the 00:52:09,510 --> 00:52:09,520 white camp and clean the 00:52:09,520 --> 00:52:12,390 white camp and clean the grounds and there's lots of evidence of 00:52:12,390 --> 00:52:12,400 grounds and there's lots of evidence of 00:52:12,400 --> 00:52:14,430 grounds and there's lots of evidence of this and clean 00:52:14,430 --> 00:52:14,440 this and clean 00:52:14,440 --> 00:52:19,109 this and clean latrines remove the pales of of waste at 00:52:19,109 --> 00:52:19,119 latrines remove the pales of of waste at 00:52:19,119 --> 00:52:21,670 latrines remove the pales of of waste at night uh work in the 00:52:21,670 --> 00:52:21,680 night uh work in the 00:52:21,680 --> 00:52:24,430 night uh work in the hospitals uh they were fed in return for 00:52:24,430 --> 00:52:24,440 hospitals uh they were fed in return for 00:52:24,440 --> 00:52:27,230 hospitals uh they were fed in return for that so the first payment to of black 00:52:27,230 --> 00:52:27,240 that so the first payment to of black 00:52:27,240 --> 00:52:29,789 that so the first payment to of black labor coming out of the black 00:52:29,789 --> 00:52:29,799 labor coming out of the black 00:52:29,799 --> 00:52:32,589 labor coming out of the black concentration camps even before they 00:52:32,589 --> 00:52:32,599 concentration camps even before they 00:52:32,599 --> 00:52:36,190 concentration camps even before they were formally structured was in return 00:52:36,190 --> 00:52:36,200 were formally structured was in return 00:52:36,200 --> 00:52:37,109 were formally structured was in return for 00:52:37,109 --> 00:52:37,119 for 00:52:37,119 --> 00:52:39,710 for work mostly they were not given Russians 00:52:39,710 --> 00:52:39,720 work mostly they were not given Russians 00:52:39,720 --> 00:52:42,349 work mostly they were not given Russians mostly they were not given tents and 00:52:42,349 --> 00:52:42,359 mostly they were not given tents and 00:52:42,359 --> 00:52:45,190 mostly they were not given tents and they were obliged in many instances to 00:52:45,190 --> 00:52:45,200 they were obliged in many instances to 00:52:45,200 --> 00:52:47,150 they were obliged in many instances to fend for themselves some of them they 00:52:47,150 --> 00:52:47,160 fend for themselves some of them they 00:52:47,160 --> 00:52:49,630 fend for themselves some of them they never got to the shares the Russians 00:52:49,630 --> 00:52:49,640 never got to the shares the Russians 00:52:49,640 --> 00:52:52,230 never got to the shares the Russians because they're not working you know and 00:52:52,230 --> 00:52:52,240 because they're not working you know and 00:52:52,240 --> 00:52:55,630 because they're not working you know and then especially the old men and or old 00:52:55,630 --> 00:52:55,640 then especially the old men and or old 00:52:55,640 --> 00:52:58,309 then especially the old men and or old men and old women there was tremendous 00:52:58,309 --> 00:52:58,319 men and old women there was tremendous 00:52:58,319 --> 00:53:00,829 men and old women there was tremendous suffering among blacks because there was 00:53:00,829 --> 00:53:00,839 suffering among blacks because there was 00:53:00,839 --> 00:53:03,349 suffering among blacks because there was very little food other than what they 00:53:03,349 --> 00:53:03,359 very little food other than what they 00:53:03,359 --> 00:53:05,990 very little food other than what they could earn and no medical care at all 00:53:05,990 --> 00:53:06,000 could earn and no medical care at all 00:53:06,000 --> 00:53:08,270 could earn and no medical care at all especially in the trans wall I don't 00:53:08,270 --> 00:53:08,280 especially in the trans wall I don't 00:53:08,280 --> 00:53:09,910 especially in the trans wall I don't think in the big Military Hospital at De 00:53:09,910 --> 00:53:09,920 think in the big Military Hospital at De 00:53:09,920 --> 00:53:11,230 think in the big Military Hospital at De Fontaine I don't think there's records 00:53:11,230 --> 00:53:11,240 Fontaine I don't think there's records 00:53:11,240 --> 00:53:13,309 Fontaine I don't think there's records of any black people being treated there 00:53:13,309 --> 00:53:13,319 of any black people being treated there 00:53:13,319 --> 00:53:15,150 of any black people being treated there they became very ill especially because 00:53:15,150 --> 00:53:15,160 they became very ill especially because 00:53:15,160 --> 00:53:17,950 they became very ill especially because of pneumonia you know during winter and 00:53:17,950 --> 00:53:17,960 of pneumonia you know during winter and 00:53:17,960 --> 00:53:20,950 of pneumonia you know during winter and then diarrhea because of some food were 00:53:20,950 --> 00:53:20,960 then diarrhea because of some food were 00:53:20,960 --> 00:53:22,789 then diarrhea because of some food were rotten one of the reasons I say the 00:53:22,789 --> 00:53:22,799 rotten one of the reasons I say the 00:53:22,799 --> 00:53:25,829 rotten one of the reasons I say the death rate is much higher than we know 00:53:25,829 --> 00:53:25,839 death rate is much higher than we know 00:53:25,839 --> 00:53:27,870 death rate is much higher than we know is because there were no records kept in 00:53:27,870 --> 00:53:27,880 is because there were no records kept in 00:53:27,880 --> 00:53:30,789 is because there were no records kept in the transf fall until the middle of 1901 00:53:30,789 --> 00:53:30,799 the transf fall until the middle of 1901 00:53:30,799 --> 00:53:33,109 the transf fall until the middle of 1901 and many many black people died there we 00:53:33,109 --> 00:53:33,119 and many many black people died there we 00:53:33,119 --> 00:53:36,150 and many many black people died there we know for example at the heidleberg 00:53:36,150 --> 00:53:36,160 know for example at the heidleberg 00:53:36,160 --> 00:53:38,789 know for example at the heidleberg camp the medical officer of Health for 00:53:38,789 --> 00:53:38,799 camp the medical officer of Health for 00:53:38,799 --> 00:53:41,430 camp the medical officer of Health for the transval said they were dying there 00:53:41,430 --> 00:53:41,440 the transval said they were dying there 00:53:41,440 --> 00:53:43,710 the transval said they were dying there at a rate of about one a day well that 00:53:43,710 --> 00:53:43,720 at a rate of about one a day well that 00:53:43,720 --> 00:53:47,230 at a rate of about one a day well that would mean about 30 a month and Etc in 00:53:47,230 --> 00:53:47,240 would mean about 30 a month and Etc in 00:53:47,240 --> 00:53:49,829 would mean about 30 a month and Etc in some of the black camps you find names 00:53:49,829 --> 00:53:49,839 some of the black camps you find names 00:53:49,839 --> 00:53:52,309 some of the black camps you find names on the registers but in many cases you 00:53:52,309 --> 00:53:52,319 on the registers but in many cases you 00:53:52,319 --> 00:53:55,390 on the registers but in many cases you only find numbers and you get the 00:53:55,390 --> 00:53:55,400 only find numbers and you get the 00:53:55,400 --> 00:53:57,510 only find numbers and you get the impression that in the the black gamps 00:53:57,510 --> 00:53:57,520 impression that in the the black gamps 00:53:57,520 --> 00:53:58,150 impression that in the the black gamps the 00:53:58,150 --> 00:53:58,160 the 00:53:58,160 --> 00:54:01,230 the bookkeeping uh was not all that 00:54:01,230 --> 00:54:01,240 bookkeeping uh was not all that 00:54:01,240 --> 00:54:04,109 bookkeeping uh was not all that meticulous it would be incorrect to 00:54:04,109 --> 00:54:04,119 meticulous it would be incorrect to 00:54:04,119 --> 00:54:07,789 meticulous it would be incorrect to think that the reason for the sweeping 00:54:07,789 --> 00:54:07,799 think that the reason for the sweeping 00:54:07,799 --> 00:54:11,549 think that the reason for the sweeping of the Feld of the black Farm 00:54:11,549 --> 00:54:11,559 of the Feld of the black Farm 00:54:11,559 --> 00:54:15,950 of the Feld of the black Farm Workers was to provide labor this was a 00:54:15,950 --> 00:54:15,960 Workers was to provide labor this was a 00:54:15,960 --> 00:54:19,630 Workers was to provide labor this was a byproduct but there never was enough and 00:54:19,630 --> 00:54:19,640 byproduct but there never was enough and 00:54:19,640 --> 00:54:21,230 byproduct but there never was enough and later when the department of native 00:54:21,230 --> 00:54:21,240 later when the department of native 00:54:21,240 --> 00:54:24,270 later when the department of native refugees was formed it was even more 00:54:24,270 --> 00:54:24,280 refugees was formed it was even more 00:54:24,280 --> 00:54:26,470 refugees was formed it was even more organized 00:54:26,470 --> 00:54:26,480 organized 00:54:26,480 --> 00:54:29,829 organized and every able-bodied black man was 00:54:29,829 --> 00:54:29,839 and every able-bodied black man was 00:54:29,839 --> 00:54:31,470 and every able-bodied black man was required to work for the Army 00:54:31,470 --> 00:54:31,480 required to work for the Army 00:54:31,480 --> 00:54:33,710 required to work for the Army departments we are talking of a British 00:54:33,710 --> 00:54:33,720 departments we are talking of a British 00:54:33,720 --> 00:54:37,549 departments we are talking of a British army or a Imperial Army that in total 00:54:37,549 --> 00:54:37,559 army or a Imperial Army that in total 00:54:37,559 --> 00:54:41,549 army or a Imperial Army that in total was on to 450,000 men to support an army 00:54:41,549 --> 00:54:41,559 was on to 450,000 men to support an army 00:54:41,559 --> 00:54:44,309 was on to 450,000 men to support an army like that you need a labor force and 00:54:44,309 --> 00:54:44,319 like that you need a labor force and 00:54:44,319 --> 00:54:45,789 like that you need a labor force and very many of these black people were 00:54:45,789 --> 00:54:45,799 very many of these black people were 00:54:45,799 --> 00:54:48,829 very many of these black people were taken to labor camps and were used also 00:54:48,829 --> 00:54:48,839 taken to labor camps and were used also 00:54:48,839 --> 00:54:52,630 taken to labor camps and were used also as laborers to support the British Army 00:54:52,630 --> 00:54:52,640 as laborers to support the British Army 00:54:52,640 --> 00:54:55,270 as laborers to support the British Army in other words a scorched Earth policy 00:54:55,270 --> 00:54:55,280 in other words a scorched Earth policy 00:54:55,280 --> 00:54:58,789 in other words a scorched Earth policy had as a result white concentration 00:54:58,789 --> 00:54:58,799 had as a result white concentration 00:54:58,799 --> 00:55:00,390 had as a result white concentration camps of 00:55:00,390 --> 00:55:00,400 camps of 00:55:00,400 --> 00:55:04,030 camps of non-competent uh black refugee camps 00:55:04,030 --> 00:55:04,040 non-competent uh black refugee camps 00:55:04,040 --> 00:55:05,670 non-competent uh black refugee camps black concentration camps and black 00:55:05,670 --> 00:55:05,680 black concentration camps and black 00:55:05,680 --> 00:55:06,220 black concentration camps and black labor 00:55:06,220 --> 00:55:06,230 labor 00:55:06,230 --> 00:55:15,069 labor [Music] 00:55:15,069 --> 00:55:15,079 [Music] 00:55:15,079 --> 00:55:17,750 [Music] camps some people may have money and may 00:55:17,750 --> 00:55:17,760 camps some people may have money and may 00:55:17,760 --> 00:55:19,630 camps some people may have money and may add to the above by purchasing certain 00:55:19,630 --> 00:55:19,640 add to the above by purchasing certain 00:55:19,640 --> 00:55:21,510 add to the above by purchasing certain things at some little retail shops 00:55:21,510 --> 00:55:21,520 things at some little retail shops 00:55:21,520 --> 00:55:23,510 things at some little retail shops allowed in the camp which charge 00:55:23,510 --> 00:55:23,520 allowed in the camp which charge 00:55:23,520 --> 00:55:25,990 allowed in the camp which charge exorbitant prices for instance six P for 00:55:25,990 --> 00:55:26,000 exorbitant prices for instance six P for 00:55:26,000 --> 00:55:28,470 exorbitant prices for instance six P for real of coton we have definitely 00:55:28,470 --> 00:55:28,480 real of coton we have definitely 00:55:28,480 --> 00:55:30,870 real of coton we have definitely different classes of refugee we have 00:55:30,870 --> 00:55:30,880 different classes of refugee we have 00:55:30,880 --> 00:55:32,950 different classes of refugee we have those that have absolutely nothing they 00:55:32,950 --> 00:55:32,960 those that have absolutely nothing they 00:55:32,960 --> 00:55:34,829 those that have absolutely nothing they have no shoes they have Rags on their 00:55:34,829 --> 00:55:34,839 have no shoes they have Rags on their 00:55:34,839 --> 00:55:36,990 have no shoes they have Rags on their backs and they have no means of 00:55:36,990 --> 00:55:37,000 backs and they have no means of 00:55:37,000 --> 00:55:39,190 backs and they have no means of subsistence we have others that have got 00:55:39,190 --> 00:55:39,200 subsistence we have others that have got 00:55:39,200 --> 00:55:41,589 subsistence we have others that have got all their furniture with them they've 00:55:41,589 --> 00:55:41,599 all their furniture with them they've 00:55:41,599 --> 00:55:43,630 all their furniture with them they've obviously had a lot of help in 00:55:43,630 --> 00:55:43,640 obviously had a lot of help in 00:55:43,640 --> 00:55:46,309 obviously had a lot of help in transporting their goods with them and 00:55:46,309 --> 00:55:46,319 transporting their goods with them and 00:55:46,319 --> 00:55:47,950 transporting their goods with them and therefore they've got money they also 00:55:47,950 --> 00:55:47,960 therefore they've got money they also 00:55:47,960 --> 00:55:49,670 therefore they've got money they also have contacts outside of the camp who 00:55:49,670 --> 00:55:49,680 have contacts outside of the camp who 00:55:49,680 --> 00:55:52,990 have contacts outside of the camp who are willing to help and support 00:55:52,990 --> 00:55:53,000 00:55:53,000 --> 00:55:55,870 them you must differentiate between the 00:55:55,870 --> 00:55:55,880 them you must differentiate between the 00:55:55,880 --> 00:55:58,109 them you must differentiate between the different camps because that even Emily 00:55:58,109 --> 00:55:58,119 different camps because that even Emily 00:55:58,119 --> 00:56:02,069 different camps because that even Emily hop house um is a pains to point out 00:56:02,069 --> 00:56:02,079 hop house um is a pains to point out 00:56:02,079 --> 00:56:04,910 hop house um is a pains to point out that the conditions vary between the 00:56:04,910 --> 00:56:04,920 that the conditions vary between the 00:56:04,920 --> 00:56:08,230 that the conditions vary between the camps enormously nor point is one of the 00:56:08,230 --> 00:56:08,240 camps enormously nor point is one of the 00:56:08,240 --> 00:56:10,510 camps enormously nor point is one of the best concentration camps because they 00:56:10,510 --> 00:56:10,520 best concentration camps because they 00:56:10,520 --> 00:56:12,750 best concentration camps because they grew their own food they had the river 00:56:12,750 --> 00:56:12,760 grew their own food they had the river 00:56:12,760 --> 00:56:16,510 grew their own food they had the river nearby so the morale of the people to do 00:56:16,510 --> 00:56:16,520 nearby so the morale of the people to do 00:56:16,520 --> 00:56:18,549 nearby so the morale of the people to do something and not just sit around and 00:56:18,549 --> 00:56:18,559 something and not just sit around and 00:56:18,559 --> 00:56:22,549 something and not just sit around and mope was much better as the camps went 00:56:22,549 --> 00:56:22,559 mope was much better as the camps went 00:56:22,559 --> 00:56:24,750 mope was much better as the camps went Emy hobhouse rated this Camp the best 00:56:24,750 --> 00:56:24,760 Emy hobhouse rated this Camp the best 00:56:24,760 --> 00:56:26,710 Emy hobhouse rated this Camp the best that she visited 00:56:26,710 --> 00:56:26,720 that she visited 00:56:26,720 --> 00:56:28,829 that she visited and she gave her reasons mainly that it 00:56:28,829 --> 00:56:28,839 and she gave her reasons mainly that it 00:56:28,839 --> 00:56:31,510 and she gave her reasons mainly that it was well cited the tents were laid out 00:56:31,510 --> 00:56:31,520 was well cited the tents were laid out 00:56:31,520 --> 00:56:34,470 was well cited the tents were laid out in rows with street names and numbers 00:56:34,470 --> 00:56:34,480 in rows with street names and numbers 00:56:34,480 --> 00:56:38,670 in rows with street names and numbers the tents contained Furniture beds and 00:56:38,670 --> 00:56:38,680 00:56:38,680 --> 00:56:40,910 mattresses there was fresh spring water 00:56:40,910 --> 00:56:40,920 mattresses there was fresh spring water 00:56:40,920 --> 00:56:43,549 mattresses there was fresh spring water and a tennis court and classes were held 00:56:43,549 --> 00:56:43,559 and a tennis court and classes were held 00:56:43,559 --> 00:56:45,990 and a tennis court and classes were held for the children and the nearby 00:56:45,990 --> 00:56:46,000 for the children and the nearby 00:56:46,000 --> 00:56:48,069 for the children and the nearby Edinburgh South Africa Hospital provided 00:56:48,069 --> 00:56:48,079 Edinburgh South Africa Hospital provided 00:56:48,079 --> 00:56:50,430 Edinburgh South Africa Hospital provided medical 00:56:50,430 --> 00:56:50,440 medical 00:56:50,440 --> 00:56:53,710 medical services and certainly laying arur tents 00:56:53,710 --> 00:56:53,720 services and certainly laying arur tents 00:56:53,720 --> 00:56:55,430 services and certainly laying arur tents in Rose with street names is quite 00:56:55,430 --> 00:56:55,440 in Rose with street names is quite 00:56:55,440 --> 00:56:57,040 in Rose with street names is quite important to be to find 00:56:57,040 --> 00:56:57,050 important to be to find 00:56:57,050 --> 00:56:58,630 important to be to find [Music] 00:56:58,630 --> 00:56:58,640 [Music] 00:56:58,640 --> 00:57:02,150 [Music] people it is also documented that in the 00:57:02,150 --> 00:57:02,160 people it is also documented that in the 00:57:02,160 --> 00:57:04,750 people it is also documented that in the Camp's conditioned varied according to 00:57:04,750 --> 00:57:04,760 Camp's conditioned varied according to 00:57:04,760 --> 00:57:07,190 Camp's conditioned varied according to the camp commant perhaps what we ought 00:57:07,190 --> 00:57:07,200 the camp commant perhaps what we ought 00:57:07,200 --> 00:57:10,349 the camp commant perhaps what we ought to be paying more attention to is not 00:57:10,349 --> 00:57:10,359 to be paying more attention to is not 00:57:10,359 --> 00:57:12,950 to be paying more attention to is not assuming that there is one policy 00:57:12,950 --> 00:57:12,960 assuming that there is one policy 00:57:12,960 --> 00:57:16,470 assuming that there is one policy towards of concentration one type of 00:57:16,470 --> 00:57:16,480 towards of concentration one type of 00:57:16,480 --> 00:57:19,589 towards of concentration one type of administration which is pursued by all 00:57:19,589 --> 00:57:19,599 administration which is pursued by all 00:57:19,599 --> 00:57:22,190 administration which is pursued by all commandants of the camps but maybe we 00:57:22,190 --> 00:57:22,200 commandants of the camps but maybe we 00:57:22,200 --> 00:57:24,470 commandants of the camps but maybe we need to look at the particular 00:57:24,470 --> 00:57:24,480 need to look at the particular 00:57:24,480 --> 00:57:27,109 need to look at the particular individuals in those camps that we know 00:57:27,109 --> 00:57:27,119 individuals in those camps that we know 00:57:27,119 --> 00:57:28,549 individuals in those camps that we know where the death rates were at their 00:57:28,549 --> 00:57:28,559 where the death rates were at their 00:57:28,559 --> 00:57:30,470 where the death rates were at their worst Russell 00:57:30,470 --> 00:57:30,480 worst Russell 00:57:30,480 --> 00:57:33,710 worst Russell dear Russell deer and he didn't pull his 00:57:33,710 --> 00:57:33,720 dear Russell deer and he didn't pull his 00:57:33,720 --> 00:57:36,150 dear Russell deer and he didn't pull his weight if the English got rid of a camp 00:57:36,150 --> 00:57:36,160 weight if the English got rid of a camp 00:57:36,160 --> 00:57:39,510 weight if the English got rid of a camp Commander he must have been really 00:57:39,510 --> 00:57:39,520 Commander he must have been really 00:57:39,520 --> 00:57:42,150 Commander he must have been really bad when so many people were dying of 00:57:42,150 --> 00:57:42,160 bad when so many people were dying of 00:57:42,160 --> 00:57:45,309 bad when so many people were dying of measles it was an epidemic he boasted 00:57:45,309 --> 00:57:45,319 measles it was an epidemic he boasted 00:57:45,319 --> 00:57:47,029 measles it was an epidemic he boasted and said he was doing much better in the 00:57:47,029 --> 00:57:47,039 and said he was doing much better in the 00:57:47,039 --> 00:57:48,549 and said he was doing much better in the camp than the troops were doing on the 00:57:48,549 --> 00:57:48,559 camp than the troops were doing on the 00:57:48,559 --> 00:57:50,910 camp than the troops were doing on the battlefields William Gosling who was 00:57:50,910 --> 00:57:50,920 battlefields William Gosling who was 00:57:50,920 --> 00:57:55,109 battlefields William Gosling who was Camp commandant a magistrate he fought 00:57:55,109 --> 00:57:55,119 Camp commandant a magistrate he fought 00:57:55,119 --> 00:57:59,150 Camp commandant a magistrate he fought for the camp inhabitants at Spring font 00:57:59,150 --> 00:57:59,160 for the camp inhabitants at Spring font 00:57:59,160 --> 00:58:01,390 for the camp inhabitants at Spring font he went against orders and then he 00:58:01,390 --> 00:58:01,400 he went against orders and then he 00:58:01,400 --> 00:58:04,150 he went against orders and then he caught dou Mania died and is buried at 00:58:04,150 --> 00:58:04,160 caught dou Mania died and is buried at 00:58:04,160 --> 00:58:06,870 caught dou Mania died and is buried at Spring contain Cemetery but it is a 00:58:06,870 --> 00:58:06,880 Spring contain Cemetery but it is a 00:58:06,880 --> 00:58:10,990 Spring contain Cemetery but it is a measure of his success perhaps that 700 00:58:10,990 --> 00:58:11,000 measure of his success perhaps that 700 00:58:11,000 --> 00:58:13,309 measure of his success perhaps that 700 people went to his funeral spring 00:58:13,309 --> 00:58:13,319 people went to his funeral spring 00:58:13,319 --> 00:58:14,950 people went to his funeral spring fontain cemetry is a mixed symmetry 00:58:14,950 --> 00:58:14,960 fontain cemetry is a mixed symmetry 00:58:14,960 --> 00:58:17,750 fontain cemetry is a mixed symmetry there are British soldiers and British 00:58:17,750 --> 00:58:17,760 there are British soldiers and British 00:58:17,760 --> 00:58:20,029 there are British soldiers and British Administration people as well as woman 00:58:20,029 --> 00:58:20,039 Administration people as well as woman 00:58:20,039 --> 00:58:23,029 Administration people as well as woman and children it is a very evocative 00:58:23,029 --> 00:58:23,039 and children it is a very evocative 00:58:23,039 --> 00:58:26,710 and children it is a very evocative place it is a surprising place it has 00:58:26,710 --> 00:58:26,720 place it is a surprising place it has 00:58:26,720 --> 00:58:28,630 place it is a surprising place it has one source of water which was a 00:58:28,630 --> 00:58:28,640 one source of water which was a 00:58:28,640 --> 00:58:30,950 one source of water which was a continuous uh Source fortunately for the 00:58:30,950 --> 00:58:30,960 continuous uh Source fortunately for the 00:58:30,960 --> 00:58:33,069 continuous uh Source fortunately for the women and children and that is today 00:58:33,069 --> 00:58:33,079 women and children and that is today 00:58:33,079 --> 00:58:35,789 women and children and that is today recognized as a monument but it has a 00:58:35,789 --> 00:58:35,799 recognized as a monument but it has a 00:58:35,799 --> 00:58:38,309 recognized as a monument but it has a graveyard for unbaptized 00:58:38,309 --> 00:58:38,319 graveyard for unbaptized 00:58:38,319 --> 00:58:41,430 graveyard for unbaptized children on its outskirts bearing in 00:58:41,430 --> 00:58:41,440 children on its outskirts bearing in 00:58:41,440 --> 00:58:43,109 children on its outskirts bearing in mind that perhaps the current feeling 00:58:43,109 --> 00:58:43,119 mind that perhaps the current feeling 00:58:43,119 --> 00:58:45,430 mind that perhaps the current feeling then was that these children would never 00:58:45,430 --> 00:58:45,440 then was that these children would never 00:58:45,440 --> 00:58:47,430 then was that these children would never be able to be buried with children who 00:58:47,430 --> 00:58:47,440 be able to be buried with children who 00:58:47,440 --> 00:58:50,150 be able to be buried with children who had been confirmed or had a religion 00:58:50,150 --> 00:58:50,160 had been confirmed or had a religion 00:58:50,160 --> 00:58:52,230 had been confirmed or had a religion because they would go straight to hell 00:58:52,230 --> 00:58:52,240 because they would go straight to hell 00:58:52,240 --> 00:58:54,829 because they would go straight to hell and it's pathetic these little 00:58:54,829 --> 00:58:54,839 and it's pathetic these little 00:58:54,839 --> 00:58:57,150 and it's pathetic these little gravestones they who are suffering most 00:58:57,150 --> 00:58:57,160 gravestones they who are suffering most 00:58:57,160 --> 00:58:59,789 gravestones they who are suffering most keenly and who have lost most either of 00:58:59,789 --> 00:58:59,799 keenly and who have lost most either of 00:58:59,799 --> 00:59:01,829 keenly and who have lost most either of their children by death or their 00:59:01,829 --> 00:59:01,839 their children by death or their 00:59:01,839 --> 00:59:04,390 their children by death or their possessions by fire and sword such as 00:59:04,390 --> 00:59:04,400 possessions by fire and sword such as 00:59:04,400 --> 00:59:07,270 possessions by fire and sword such as these reconcentrated women in the camps 00:59:07,270 --> 00:59:07,280 these reconcentrated women in the camps 00:59:07,280 --> 00:59:09,710 these reconcentrated women in the camps they have the most conspicuous patience 00:59:09,710 --> 00:59:09,720 they have the most conspicuous patience 00:59:09,720 --> 00:59:11,870 they have the most conspicuous patience and never express a wish that their men 00:59:11,870 --> 00:59:11,880 and never express a wish that their men 00:59:11,880 --> 00:59:14,589 and never express a wish that their men should be the ones to give way it must 00:59:14,589 --> 00:59:14,599 should be the ones to give way it must 00:59:14,599 --> 00:59:16,549 should be the ones to give way it must be fought out now they think to The 00:59:16,549 --> 00:59:16,559 be fought out now they think to The 00:59:16,559 --> 00:59:19,470 be fought out now they think to The Bitter End if one looks particularly at 00:59:19,470 --> 00:59:19,480 Bitter End if one looks particularly at 00:59:19,480 --> 00:59:22,670 Bitter End if one looks particularly at the role of B women in this war one has 00:59:22,670 --> 00:59:22,680 the role of B women in this war one has 00:59:22,680 --> 00:59:25,510 the role of B women in this war one has abundant testimony both from sources 00:59:25,510 --> 00:59:25,520 abundant testimony both from sources 00:59:25,520 --> 00:59:26,870 abundant testimony both from sources amongst the commanders and their 00:59:26,870 --> 00:59:26,880 amongst the commanders and their 00:59:26,880 --> 00:59:29,470 amongst the commanders and their families and from the British soldiers 00:59:29,470 --> 00:59:29,480 families and from the British soldiers 00:59:29,480 --> 00:59:31,710 families and from the British soldiers who recorded their Impressions during 00:59:31,710 --> 00:59:31,720 who recorded their Impressions during 00:59:31,720 --> 00:59:34,349 who recorded their Impressions during the Guerilla phase of the war of bur 00:59:34,349 --> 00:59:34,359 the Guerilla phase of the war of bur 00:59:34,359 --> 00:59:37,390 the Guerilla phase of the war of bur women often grandmothers as well as 00:59:37,390 --> 00:59:37,400 women often grandmothers as well as 00:59:37,400 --> 00:59:41,390 women often grandmothers as well as wives who kept their men fighting who 00:59:41,390 --> 00:59:41,400 wives who kept their men fighting who 00:59:41,400 --> 00:59:43,990 wives who kept their men fighting who stood up to the British soldy told them 00:59:43,990 --> 00:59:44,000 stood up to the British soldy told them 00:59:44,000 --> 00:59:46,829 stood up to the British soldy told them that the bers would never give in and 00:59:46,829 --> 00:59:46,839 that the bers would never give in and 00:59:46,839 --> 00:59:50,470 that the bers would never give in and are shown actually sending back their 00:59:50,470 --> 00:59:50,480 are shown actually sending back their 00:59:50,480 --> 00:59:53,549 are shown actually sending back their husbands and Sons when they come home uh 00:59:53,549 --> 00:59:53,559 husbands and Sons when they come home uh 00:59:53,559 --> 00:59:55,270 husbands and Sons when they come home uh to put their feet up for a bit and they 00:59:55,270 --> 00:59:55,280 to put their feet up for a bit and they 00:59:55,280 --> 00:59:59,150 to put their feet up for a bit and they were extremely strong strong minded and 00:59:59,150 --> 00:59:59,160 were extremely strong strong minded and 00:59:59,160 --> 01:00:01,309 were extremely strong strong minded and I think in very many instances they were 01:00:01,309 --> 01:00:01,319 I think in very many instances they were 01:00:01,319 --> 01:00:02,829 I think in very many instances they were actually the people that kept their 01:00:02,829 --> 01:00:02,839 actually the people that kept their 01:00:02,839 --> 01:00:05,789 actually the people that kept their husbands up that motivated them and in 01:00:05,789 --> 01:00:05,799 husbands up that motivated them and in 01:00:05,799 --> 01:00:07,510 husbands up that motivated them and in mbank especially they were called 01:00:07,510 --> 01:00:07,520 mbank especially they were called 01:00:07,520 --> 01:00:09,270 mbank especially they were called irreconcilables and some of them were 01:00:09,270 --> 01:00:09,280 irreconcilables and some of them were 01:00:09,280 --> 01:00:11,990 irreconcilables and some of them were sent to campson AEL mbank amongst other 01:00:11,990 --> 01:00:12,000 sent to campson AEL mbank amongst other 01:00:12,000 --> 01:00:13,470 sent to campson AEL mbank amongst other places where the British thought they 01:00:13,470 --> 01:00:13,480 places where the British thought they 01:00:13,480 --> 01:00:15,190 places where the British thought they were a bad influence in the original 01:00:15,190 --> 01:00:15,200 were a bad influence in the original 01:00:15,200 --> 01:00:17,069 were a bad influence in the original camp and they influenced people 01:00:17,069 --> 01:00:17,079 camp and they influenced people 01:00:17,079 --> 01:00:18,710 camp and they influenced people negatively in favor of the war so they 01:00:18,710 --> 01:00:18,720 negatively in favor of the war so they 01:00:18,720 --> 01:00:21,270 negatively in favor of the war so they had to be sent away they were seen as 01:00:21,270 --> 01:00:21,280 had to be sent away they were seen as 01:00:21,280 --> 01:00:24,309 had to be sent away they were seen as hardliners people who were Troublesome 01:00:24,309 --> 01:00:24,319 hardliners people who were Troublesome 01:00:24,319 --> 01:00:26,029 hardliners people who were Troublesome caused a lot of trouble and that's why 01:00:26,029 --> 01:00:26,039 caused a lot of trouble and that's why 01:00:26,039 --> 01:00:28,150 caused a lot of trouble and that's why was sent on here so it was like a 01:00:28,150 --> 01:00:28,160 was sent on here so it was like a 01:00:28,160 --> 01:00:30,470 was sent on here so it was like a punitive measure there were also those 01:00:30,470 --> 01:00:30,480 punitive measure there were also those 01:00:30,480 --> 01:00:34,430 punitive measure there were also those women who argued uh that continuing the 01:00:34,430 --> 01:00:34,440 women who argued uh that continuing the 01:00:34,440 --> 01:00:37,510 women who argued uh that continuing the war is a waste of um 01:00:37,510 --> 01:00:37,520 war is a waste of um 01:00:37,520 --> 01:00:39,710 war is a waste of um resources and that the bu leaders 01:00:39,710 --> 01:00:39,720 resources and that the bu leaders 01:00:39,720 --> 01:00:41,710 resources and that the bu leaders actually responsible for continuing the 01:00:41,710 --> 01:00:41,720 actually responsible for continuing the 01:00:41,720 --> 01:00:44,470 actually responsible for continuing the war and for keeping us in the camp and 01:00:44,470 --> 01:00:44,480 war and for keeping us in the camp and 01:00:44,480 --> 01:00:46,950 war and for keeping us in the camp and then they gradually they came around to 01:00:46,950 --> 01:00:46,960 then they gradually they came around to 01:00:46,960 --> 01:00:50,510 then they gradually they came around to to the British side and there are 01:00:50,510 --> 01:00:50,520 to the British side and there are 01:00:50,520 --> 01:00:54,390 to the British side and there are documentary examples of women who come 01:00:54,390 --> 01:00:54,400 documentary examples of women who come 01:00:54,400 --> 01:00:57,510 documentary examples of women who come joyfully sewing a Union Jack at the end 01:00:57,510 --> 01:00:57,520 joyfully sewing a Union Jack at the end 01:00:57,520 --> 01:01:00,109 joyfully sewing a Union Jack at the end of the war as a sign of an an offering 01:01:00,109 --> 01:01:00,119 of the war as a sign of an an offering 01:01:00,119 --> 01:01:02,510 of the war as a sign of an an offering to Super superintendent of the camp of 01:01:02,510 --> 01:01:02,520 to Super superintendent of the camp of 01:01:02,520 --> 01:01:05,750 to Super superintendent of the camp of the new found loyalties the wives of of 01:01:05,750 --> 01:01:05,760 the new found loyalties the wives of of 01:01:05,760 --> 01:01:09,670 the new found loyalties the wives of of these two groups factions would squabble 01:01:09,670 --> 01:01:09,680 these two groups factions would squabble 01:01:09,680 --> 01:01:12,190 these two groups factions would squabble and not get on at all well together and 01:01:12,190 --> 01:01:12,200 and not get on at all well together and 01:01:12,200 --> 01:01:14,549 and not get on at all well together and of course that's very bad in a confined 01:01:14,549 --> 01:01:14,559 of course that's very bad in a confined 01:01:14,559 --> 01:01:19,069 of course that's very bad in a confined area like a camp um so um I believe it 01:01:19,069 --> 01:01:19,079 area like a camp um so um I believe it 01:01:19,079 --> 01:01:21,990 area like a camp um so um I believe it was Lord Kitchener who divided the 01:01:21,990 --> 01:01:22,000 was Lord Kitchener who divided the 01:01:22,000 --> 01:01:25,109 was Lord Kitchener who divided the inmates in the camp into two categories 01:01:25,109 --> 01:01:25,119 inmates in the camp into two categories 01:01:25,119 --> 01:01:28,190 inmates in the camp into two categories one category being very proor and 01:01:28,190 --> 01:01:28,200 one category being very proor and 01:01:28,200 --> 01:01:30,349 one category being very proor and supporting the buor cause the other 01:01:30,349 --> 01:01:30,359 supporting the buor cause the other 01:01:30,359 --> 01:01:33,470 supporting the buor cause the other category being well not necessarily Pro 01:01:33,470 --> 01:01:33,480 category being well not necessarily Pro 01:01:33,480 --> 01:01:35,510 category being well not necessarily Pro British but more neutral they used to 01:01:35,510 --> 01:01:35,520 British but more neutral they used to 01:01:35,520 --> 01:01:37,430 British but more neutral they used to assist the British authorities help to 01:01:37,430 --> 01:01:37,440 assist the British authorities help to 01:01:37,440 --> 01:01:39,630 assist the British authorities help to run the camp would work perhaps for the 01:01:39,630 --> 01:01:39,640 run the camp would work perhaps for the 01:01:39,640 --> 01:01:41,789 run the camp would work perhaps for the British authorities my grandmother told 01:01:41,789 --> 01:01:41,799 British authorities my grandmother told 01:01:41,799 --> 01:01:43,510 British authorities my grandmother told me a lot of stories when I was young 01:01:43,510 --> 01:01:43,520 me a lot of stories when I was young 01:01:43,520 --> 01:01:45,750 me a lot of stories when I was young about uh circumstances and what happened 01:01:45,750 --> 01:01:45,760 about uh circumstances and what happened 01:01:45,760 --> 01:01:47,990 about uh circumstances and what happened to them and how they especially hated 01:01:47,990 --> 01:01:48,000 to them and how they especially hated 01:01:48,000 --> 01:01:50,549 to them and how they especially hated the Hans kakis you see and Commander 01:01:50,549 --> 01:01:50,559 the Hans kakis you see and Commander 01:01:50,559 --> 01:01:53,349 the Hans kakis you see and Commander Wasa hansar he was actually an English 01:01:53,349 --> 01:01:53,359 Wasa hansar he was actually an English 01:01:53,359 --> 01:01:56,910 Wasa hansar he was actually an English speaking Africana for all honor be 01:01:56,910 --> 01:01:56,920 speaking Africana for all honor be 01:01:56,920 --> 01:01:58,390 speaking Africana for all honor be especially under the command of a 01:01:58,390 --> 01:01:58,400 especially under the command of a 01:01:58,400 --> 01:02:01,069 especially under the command of a certain makit he seems to have really 01:02:01,069 --> 01:02:01,079 certain makit he seems to have really 01:02:01,079 --> 01:02:03,190 certain makit he seems to have really hated the bus that's obvious from their 01:02:03,190 --> 01:02:03,200 hated the bus that's obvious from their 01:02:03,200 --> 01:02:05,349 hated the bus that's obvious from their documents he couldn't care less about 01:02:05,349 --> 01:02:05,359 documents he couldn't care less about 01:02:05,359 --> 01:02:07,470 documents he couldn't care less about their General well-being they 01:02:07,470 --> 01:02:07,480 their General well-being they 01:02:07,480 --> 01:02:11,349 their General well-being they particularly complained a lot about the 01:02:11,349 --> 01:02:11,359 01:02:11,359 --> 01:02:13,589 meat the problem with the meat was that 01:02:13,589 --> 01:02:13,599 meat the problem with the meat was that 01:02:13,599 --> 01:02:15,269 meat the problem with the meat was that the British had to transport it to the 01:02:15,269 --> 01:02:15,279 the British had to transport it to the 01:02:15,279 --> 01:02:17,710 the British had to transport it to the camps they didn't have any cooler trucks 01:02:17,710 --> 01:02:17,720 camps they didn't have any cooler trucks 01:02:17,720 --> 01:02:20,029 camps they didn't have any cooler trucks or modern equipment and often the meat 01:02:20,029 --> 01:02:20,039 or modern equipment and often the meat 01:02:20,039 --> 01:02:21,789 or modern equipment and often the meat had gone rotten by the time it reached 01:02:21,789 --> 01:02:21,799 had gone rotten by the time it reached 01:02:21,799 --> 01:02:24,630 had gone rotten by the time it reached the people in addition to that the meat 01:02:24,630 --> 01:02:24,640 the people in addition to that the meat 01:02:24,640 --> 01:02:26,750 the people in addition to that the meat was of a very poor quality 01:02:26,750 --> 01:02:26,760 was of a very poor quality 01:02:26,760 --> 01:02:28,589 was of a very poor quality due to the scorched Earth policy the 01:02:28,589 --> 01:02:28,599 due to the scorched Earth policy the 01:02:28,599 --> 01:02:32,589 due to the scorched Earth policy the animals had not been fed 01:02:32,589 --> 01:02:32,599 01:02:32,599 --> 01:02:34,910 properly it was rotten meat cut from 01:02:34,910 --> 01:02:34,920 properly it was rotten meat cut from 01:02:34,920 --> 01:02:37,109 properly it was rotten meat cut from rotten animals and they said it was so 01:02:37,109 --> 01:02:37,119 rotten animals and they said it was so 01:02:37,119 --> 01:02:39,390 rotten animals and they said it was so green and sticky and putrid that when 01:02:39,390 --> 01:02:39,400 green and sticky and putrid that when 01:02:39,400 --> 01:02:44,029 green and sticky and putrid that when they threw it against a wall it stuck to 01:02:44,029 --> 01:02:44,039 01:02:44,039 --> 01:02:46,470 it they went to the camp commanders and 01:02:46,470 --> 01:02:46,480 it they went to the camp commanders and 01:02:46,480 --> 01:02:48,549 it they went to the camp commanders and said look this meat's full of maggots we 01:02:48,549 --> 01:02:48,559 said look this meat's full of maggots we 01:02:48,559 --> 01:02:50,549 said look this meat's full of maggots we can't eat it then Jacobs made the 01:02:50,549 --> 01:02:50,559 can't eat it then Jacobs made the 01:02:50,559 --> 01:02:51,950 can't eat it then Jacobs made the mistake of telling them that the meat 01:02:51,950 --> 01:02:51,960 mistake of telling them that the meat 01:02:51,960 --> 01:02:55,589 mistake of telling them that the meat was good enough for them and many was 01:02:55,589 --> 01:02:55,599 was good enough for them and many was 01:02:55,599 --> 01:02:58,269 was good enough for them and many was and many else was 14 years old and she 01:02:58,269 --> 01:02:58,279 and many else was 14 years old and she 01:02:58,279 --> 01:02:59,910 and many else was 14 years old and she grabbed his own shambach and started 01:02:59,910 --> 01:02:59,920 grabbed his own shambach and started 01:02:59,920 --> 01:03:01,910 grabbed his own shambach and started chasing him around the tents and another 01:03:01,910 --> 01:03:01,920 chasing him around the tents and another 01:03:01,920 --> 01:03:04,029 chasing him around the tents and another lady Mrs fumble yon grabbed a bottle and 01:03:04,029 --> 01:03:04,039 lady Mrs fumble yon grabbed a bottle and 01:03:04,039 --> 01:03:05,789 lady Mrs fumble yon grabbed a bottle and crowned F Eden with it and then she 01:03:05,789 --> 01:03:05,799 crowned F Eden with it and then she 01:03:05,799 --> 01:03:07,589 crowned F Eden with it and then she asked is he dead 01:03:07,589 --> 01:03:07,599 asked is he dead 01:03:07,599 --> 01:03:11,950 asked is he dead now the men ran away they never saw them 01:03:11,950 --> 01:03:11,960 now the men ran away they never saw them 01:03:11,960 --> 01:03:14,870 now the men ran away they never saw them again they were very angry and then they 01:03:14,870 --> 01:03:14,880 again they were very angry and then they 01:03:14,880 --> 01:03:17,630 again they were very angry and then they stormed his office they looted the place 01:03:17,630 --> 01:03:17,640 stormed his office they looted the place 01:03:17,640 --> 01:03:19,870 stormed his office they looted the place broke his furniture tore up his books 01:03:19,870 --> 01:03:19,880 broke his furniture tore up his books 01:03:19,880 --> 01:03:21,190 broke his furniture tore up his books and from there they set off to the 01:03:21,190 --> 01:03:21,200 and from there they set off to the 01:03:21,200 --> 01:03:23,670 and from there they set off to the Russian house where they threw sand and 01:03:23,670 --> 01:03:23,680 Russian house where they threw sand and 01:03:23,680 --> 01:03:25,510 Russian house where they threw sand and things into the food which resulted in 01:03:25,510 --> 01:03:25,520 things into the food which resulted in 01:03:25,520 --> 01:03:27,230 things into the food which resulted in them not having anything to eat for a 01:03:27,230 --> 01:03:27,240 them not having anything to eat for a 01:03:27,240 --> 01:03:28,770 them not having anything to eat for a few 01:03:28,770 --> 01:03:28,780 few 01:03:28,780 --> 01:03:33,829 few [Music] 01:03:33,829 --> 01:03:33,839 01:03:33,839 --> 01:03:36,589 days the death rate in most of the camps 01:03:36,589 --> 01:03:36,599 days the death rate in most of the camps 01:03:36,599 --> 01:03:40,750 days the death rate in most of the camps is high in bloom Fontaine it is 01:03:40,750 --> 01:03:40,760 is high in bloom Fontaine it is 01:03:40,760 --> 01:03:43,630 is high in bloom Fontaine it is terrible 172 deaths had occurred up to 01:03:43,630 --> 01:03:43,640 terrible 172 deaths had occurred up to 01:03:43,640 --> 01:03:44,910 terrible 172 deaths had occurred up to the date of my 01:03:44,910 --> 01:03:44,920 the date of my 01:03:44,920 --> 01:03:48,829 the date of my leaving on Sunday April the 28th 15 01:03:48,829 --> 01:03:48,839 leaving on Sunday April the 28th 15 01:03:48,839 --> 01:03:52,150 leaving on Sunday April the 28th 15 persons died in that camp it figures out 01:03:52,150 --> 01:03:52,160 persons died in that camp it figures out 01:03:52,160 --> 01:03:54,309 persons died in that camp it figures out to about 01:03:54,309 --> 01:03:54,319 to about 01:03:54,319 --> 01:03:56,470 to about 25% above all 01:03:56,470 --> 01:03:56,480 25% above all 01:03:56,480 --> 01:03:58,630 25% above all one would hope that the good sense if 01:03:58,630 --> 01:03:58,640 one would hope that the good sense if 01:03:58,640 --> 01:04:00,789 one would hope that the good sense if not the mercy of the English people 01:04:00,789 --> 01:04:00,799 not the mercy of the English people 01:04:00,799 --> 01:04:02,470 not the mercy of the English people would cry out against further 01:04:02,470 --> 01:04:02,480 would cry out against further 01:04:02,480 --> 01:04:04,670 would cry out against further development of this cruel system which 01:04:04,670 --> 01:04:04,680 development of this cruel system which 01:04:04,680 --> 01:04:07,150 development of this cruel system which falls with such crushing effect upon the 01:04:07,150 --> 01:04:07,160 falls with such crushing effect upon the 01:04:07,160 --> 01:04:10,230 falls with such crushing effect upon the old the weak and the 01:04:10,230 --> 01:04:10,240 old the weak and the 01:04:10,240 --> 01:04:12,990 old the weak and the children in the period May to August 01:04:12,990 --> 01:04:13,000 children in the period May to August 01:04:13,000 --> 01:04:15,870 children in the period May to August 1901 the High Commissioner Lord Milner 01:04:15,870 --> 01:04:15,880 1901 the High Commissioner Lord Milner 01:04:15,880 --> 01:04:19,150 1901 the High Commissioner Lord Milner goes to London on a visit then Lord 01:04:19,150 --> 01:04:19,160 goes to London on a visit then Lord 01:04:19,160 --> 01:04:22,069 goes to London on a visit then Lord kitner apart from his army duties and 01:04:22,069 --> 01:04:22,079 kitner apart from his army duties and 01:04:22,079 --> 01:04:25,069 kitner apart from his army duties and having to look at these these civilians 01:04:25,069 --> 01:04:25,079 having to look at these these civilians 01:04:25,079 --> 01:04:28,750 having to look at these these civilians blacken poor civilians he also act as 01:04:28,750 --> 01:04:28,760 blacken poor civilians he also act as 01:04:28,760 --> 01:04:31,349 blacken poor civilians he also act as the High Commissioner at a very crucial 01:04:31,349 --> 01:04:31,359 the High Commissioner at a very crucial 01:04:31,359 --> 01:04:34,269 the High Commissioner at a very crucial stage in the development of these camps 01:04:34,269 --> 01:04:34,279 stage in the development of these camps 01:04:34,279 --> 01:04:37,549 stage in the development of these camps because it's the period just 01:04:37,549 --> 01:04:37,559 because it's the period just 01:04:37,559 --> 01:04:40,670 because it's the period just before the start of the great suffering 01:04:40,670 --> 01:04:40,680 before the start of the great suffering 01:04:40,680 --> 01:04:44,069 before the start of the great suffering and deaths in the camps October 1901 01:04:44,069 --> 01:04:44,079 and deaths in the camps October 1901 01:04:44,079 --> 01:04:46,589 and deaths in the camps October 1901 which was a very worst month in the 01:04:46,589 --> 01:04:46,599 which was a very worst month in the 01:04:46,599 --> 01:04:48,829 which was a very worst month in the South African camps in general an 01:04:48,829 --> 01:04:48,839 South African camps in general an 01:04:48,839 --> 01:04:51,109 South African camps in general an enormous number of people died in mean 01:04:51,109 --> 01:04:51,119 enormous number of people died in mean 01:04:51,119 --> 01:04:54,910 enormous number of people died in mean Camp so if we go to the cemetery look up 01:04:54,910 --> 01:04:54,920 Camp so if we go to the cemetery look up 01:04:54,920 --> 01:04:57,950 Camp so if we go to the cemetery look up the cemetery record we find that um a 01:04:57,950 --> 01:04:57,960 the cemetery record we find that um a 01:04:57,960 --> 01:05:00,710 the cemetery record we find that um a large proportion of people who did die 01:05:00,710 --> 01:05:00,720 large proportion of people who did die 01:05:00,720 --> 01:05:02,549 large proportion of people who did die died in October 01:05:02,549 --> 01:05:02,559 died in October 01:05:02,559 --> 01:05:05,109 died in October 1901 there can be various reasons for 01:05:05,109 --> 01:05:05,119 1901 there can be various reasons for 01:05:05,119 --> 01:05:08,829 1901 there can be various reasons for this some will say that uh conditions on 01:05:08,829 --> 01:05:08,839 this some will say that uh conditions on 01:05:08,839 --> 01:05:11,589 this some will say that uh conditions on the farms were probably at their worst 01:05:11,589 --> 01:05:11,599 the farms were probably at their worst 01:05:11,599 --> 01:05:13,190 the farms were probably at their worst at that time and the people who came 01:05:13,190 --> 01:05:13,200 at that time and the people who came 01:05:13,200 --> 01:05:16,910 at that time and the people who came were um more undernourished than they 01:05:16,910 --> 01:05:16,920 were um more undernourished than they 01:05:16,920 --> 01:05:20,430 were um more undernourished than they had been previously one has to to 01:05:20,430 --> 01:05:20,440 had been previously one has to to 01:05:20,440 --> 01:05:22,470 had been previously one has to to understand the the climate firstly 01:05:22,470 --> 01:05:22,480 understand the the climate firstly 01:05:22,480 --> 01:05:24,549 understand the the climate firstly during those winter years of especially 01:05:24,549 --> 01:05:24,559 during those winter years of especially 01:05:24,559 --> 01:05:26,430 during those winter years of especially 19001 01:05:26,430 --> 01:05:26,440 19001 01:05:26,440 --> 01:05:28,750 19001 were uh you know some of the coldest 01:05:28,750 --> 01:05:28,760 were uh you know some of the coldest 01:05:28,760 --> 01:05:33,190 were uh you know some of the coldest months that the Free State ever 01:05:33,190 --> 01:05:33,200 months that the Free State ever 01:05:33,200 --> 01:05:36,430 months that the Free State ever had if you look at the the figures the 01:05:36,430 --> 01:05:36,440 had if you look at the the figures the 01:05:36,440 --> 01:05:39,430 had if you look at the the figures the deaths in the camps during those those 01:05:39,430 --> 01:05:39,440 deaths in the camps during those those 01:05:39,440 --> 01:05:41,829 deaths in the camps during those those months the winter months yes especially 01:05:41,829 --> 01:05:41,839 months the winter months yes especially 01:05:41,839 --> 01:05:44,349 months the winter months yes especially in October November December uh under 01:05:44,349 --> 01:05:44,359 in October November December uh under 01:05:44,359 --> 01:05:46,829 in October November December uh under normal circumstances that's the time for 01:05:46,829 --> 01:05:46,839 normal circumstances that's the time for 01:05:46,839 --> 01:05:50,190 normal circumstances that's the time for a lot of um stomach problems with babies 01:05:50,190 --> 01:05:50,200 a lot of um stomach problems with babies 01:05:50,200 --> 01:05:51,309 a lot of um stomach problems with babies and things like that and if you're in a 01:05:51,309 --> 01:05:51,319 and things like that and if you're in a 01:05:51,319 --> 01:05:53,390 and things like that and if you're in a tent it's exacerbated people were 01:05:53,390 --> 01:05:53,400 tent it's exacerbated people were 01:05:53,400 --> 01:05:56,230 tent it's exacerbated people were crowded together large numbers brunford 01:05:56,230 --> 01:05:56,240 crowded together large numbers brunford 01:05:56,240 --> 01:05:58,269 crowded together large numbers brunford 4,000 people in one Camp blo fortain 01:05:58,269 --> 01:05:58,279 4,000 people in one Camp blo fortain 01:05:58,279 --> 01:05:59,549 4,000 people in one Camp blo fortain 6,000 01:05:59,549 --> 01:05:59,559 6,000 01:05:59,559 --> 01:06:03,870 6,000 people whenever an epidemic struck a 01:06:03,870 --> 01:06:03,880 people whenever an epidemic struck a 01:06:03,880 --> 01:06:06,349 people whenever an epidemic struck a camp it spread like wildfire through the 01:06:06,349 --> 01:06:06,359 camp it spread like wildfire through the 01:06:06,359 --> 01:06:09,109 camp it spread like wildfire through the camp epidemic during the measles 01:06:09,109 --> 01:06:09,119 camp epidemic during the measles 01:06:09,119 --> 01:06:10,670 camp epidemic during the measles epidemic there was no medicine 01:06:10,670 --> 01:06:10,680 epidemic there was no medicine 01:06:10,680 --> 01:06:12,990 epidemic there was no medicine whatsoever for them and in her book my 01:06:12,990 --> 01:06:13,000 whatsoever for them and in her book my 01:06:13,000 --> 01:06:15,069 whatsoever for them and in her book my aunt writes that in some tents the 01:06:15,069 --> 01:06:15,079 aunt writes that in some tents the 01:06:15,079 --> 01:06:16,829 aunt writes that in some tents the mother and all her children were struck 01:06:16,829 --> 01:06:16,839 mother and all her children were struck 01:06:16,839 --> 01:06:17,950 mother and all her children were struck by 01:06:17,950 --> 01:06:17,960 by 01:06:17,960 --> 01:06:21,470 by measles if you were under the age of 2 01:06:21,470 --> 01:06:21,480 measles if you were under the age of 2 01:06:21,480 --> 01:06:23,150 measles if you were under the age of 2 years and I will actually say under the 01:06:23,150 --> 01:06:23,160 years and I will actually say under the 01:06:23,160 --> 01:06:26,230 years and I will actually say under the age of 5 years if you were placed in a 01:06:26,230 --> 01:06:26,240 age of 5 years if you were placed in a 01:06:26,240 --> 01:06:29,150 age of 5 years if you were placed in a camp it was the same as if your death 01:06:29,150 --> 01:06:29,160 camp it was the same as if your death 01:06:29,160 --> 01:06:31,510 camp it was the same as if your death warrant had been signed because you had 01:06:31,510 --> 01:06:31,520 warrant had been signed because you had 01:06:31,520 --> 01:06:33,950 warrant had been signed because you had almost no chance of survival if you were 01:06:33,950 --> 01:06:33,960 almost no chance of survival if you were 01:06:33,960 --> 01:06:36,390 almost no chance of survival if you were under 5 years old and definitely under 01:06:36,390 --> 01:06:36,400 under 5 years old and definitely under 01:06:36,400 --> 01:06:38,710 under 5 years old and definitely under one year no chance at all well of the 01:06:38,710 --> 01:06:38,720 one year no chance at all well of the 01:06:38,720 --> 01:06:41,510 one year no chance at all well of the 270 children that 01:06:41,510 --> 01:06:41,520 270 children that 01:06:41,520 --> 01:06:45,109 270 children that died one family the Kruegers lost 12 01:06:45,109 --> 01:06:45,119 died one family the Kruegers lost 12 01:06:45,119 --> 01:06:49,789 died one family the Kruegers lost 12 children fer Mavis nine fer Vault nine 01:06:49,789 --> 01:06:49,799 children fer Mavis nine fer Vault nine 01:06:49,799 --> 01:06:57,269 children fer Mavis nine fer Vault nine fenta nine fik 8 pinar's 8 pretorius 7 01:06:57,269 --> 01:06:57,279 fenta nine fik 8 pinar's 8 pretorius 7 01:06:57,279 --> 01:07:02,950 fenta nine fik 8 pinar's 8 pretorius 7 6 fun 6 forer 6 when you think about it 01:07:02,950 --> 01:07:02,960 6 fun 6 forer 6 when you think about it 01:07:02,960 --> 01:07:06,710 6 fun 6 forer 6 when you think about it 200 and 70 children in this District 01:07:06,710 --> 01:07:06,720 200 and 70 children in this District 01:07:06,720 --> 01:07:09,349 200 and 70 children in this District died today that would be a whole 01:07:09,349 --> 01:07:09,359 died today that would be a whole 01:07:09,359 --> 01:07:13,230 died today that would be a whole generation that would 01:07:13,230 --> 01:07:13,240 01:07:13,240 --> 01:07:17,029 gone give back my dead whom thou Hast 01:07:17,029 --> 01:07:17,039 gone give back my dead whom thou Hast 01:07:17,039 --> 01:07:20,910 gone give back my dead whom thou Hast Riven from me by arms of men loud called 01:07:20,910 --> 01:07:20,920 Riven from me by arms of men loud called 01:07:20,920 --> 01:07:23,950 Riven from me by arms of men loud called from Earth's farthest bound to wet my 01:07:23,950 --> 01:07:23,960 from Earth's farthest bound to wet my 01:07:23,960 --> 01:07:26,150 from Earth's farthest bound to wet my bosom with my children 01:07:26,150 --> 01:07:26,160 bosom with my children 01:07:26,160 --> 01:07:30,430 bosom with my children blood give back my dead the dead who 01:07:30,430 --> 01:07:30,440 blood give back my dead the dead who 01:07:30,440 --> 01:07:33,069 blood give back my dead the dead who grew up on 01:07:33,069 --> 01:07:33,079 grew up on 01:07:33,079 --> 01:07:37,109 grew up on me my grandmother's family fled and my 01:07:37,109 --> 01:07:37,119 me my grandmother's family fled and my 01:07:37,119 --> 01:07:39,750 me my grandmother's family fled and my grandfather's family went to the 01:07:39,750 --> 01:07:39,760 grandfather's family went to the 01:07:39,760 --> 01:07:41,029 grandfather's family went to the concentration 01:07:41,029 --> 01:07:41,039 concentration 01:07:41,039 --> 01:07:45,349 concentration camp and uh the the deaths were suffered 01:07:45,349 --> 01:07:45,359 camp and uh the the deaths were suffered 01:07:45,359 --> 01:07:47,390 camp and uh the the deaths were suffered by the family that was that went to the 01:07:47,390 --> 01:07:47,400 by the family that was that went to the 01:07:47,400 --> 01:07:49,750 by the family that was that went to the Concentration Camp 01:07:49,750 --> 01:07:49,760 Concentration Camp 01:07:49,760 --> 01:07:52,309 Concentration Camp Omar Grandma roten Bach didn't want to 01:07:52,309 --> 01:07:52,319 Omar Grandma roten Bach didn't want to 01:07:52,319 --> 01:07:54,910 Omar Grandma roten Bach didn't want to go to a concentration camp she knew 01:07:54,910 --> 01:07:54,920 go to a concentration camp she knew 01:07:54,920 --> 01:07:55,950 go to a concentration camp she knew about the camp 01:07:55,950 --> 01:07:55,960 about the camp 01:07:55,960 --> 01:07:57,910 about the camp and she asked the farm laborers to warn 01:07:57,910 --> 01:07:57,920 and she asked the farm laborers to warn 01:07:57,920 --> 01:08:00,789 and she asked the farm laborers to warn her when the English were on their way 01:08:00,789 --> 01:08:00,799 her when the English were on their way 01:08:00,799 --> 01:08:03,029 her when the English were on their way they did and she fled but she only got 01:08:03,029 --> 01:08:03,039 they did and she fled but she only got 01:08:03,039 --> 01:08:06,390 they did and she fled but she only got As far as V shook there in a ruin she 01:08:06,390 --> 01:08:06,400 As far as V shook there in a ruin she 01:08:06,400 --> 01:08:09,269 As far as V shook there in a ruin she gave birth to a baby her sister-in-law 01:08:09,269 --> 01:08:09,279 gave birth to a baby her sister-in-law 01:08:09,279 --> 01:08:14,829 gave birth to a baby her sister-in-law thought the baby was 01:08:14,829 --> 01:08:14,839 01:08:14,839 --> 01:08:17,590 dead but Grandma Rach said we should at 01:08:17,590 --> 01:08:17,600 dead but Grandma Rach said we should at 01:08:17,600 --> 01:08:20,349 dead but Grandma Rach said we should at least B the child before we bury her 01:08:20,349 --> 01:08:20,359 least B the child before we bury her 01:08:20,359 --> 01:08:23,149 least B the child before we bury her apparently the bath water was far too 01:08:23,149 --> 01:08:23,159 apparently the bath water was far too 01:08:23,159 --> 01:08:26,390 apparently the bath water was far too hot and that made Max scream and she was 01:08:26,390 --> 01:08:26,400 hot and that made Max scream and she was 01:08:26,400 --> 01:08:30,189 hot and that made Max scream and she was only buried 2 years ago at the age of 01:08:30,189 --> 01:08:30,199 only buried 2 years ago at the age of 01:08:30,199 --> 01:08:32,709 only buried 2 years ago at the age of 98 the women and children out in the 01:08:32,709 --> 01:08:32,719 98 the women and children out in the 01:08:32,719 --> 01:08:35,550 98 the women and children out in the felt isolated were very very well 01:08:35,550 --> 01:08:35,560 felt isolated were very very well 01:08:35,560 --> 01:08:37,789 felt isolated were very very well protected from these diseases in in fact 01:08:37,789 --> 01:08:37,799 protected from these diseases in in fact 01:08:37,799 --> 01:08:41,470 protected from these diseases in in fact in such a in such a way that uh I would 01:08:41,470 --> 01:08:41,480 in such a in such a way that uh I would 01:08:41,480 --> 01:08:44,669 in such a in such a way that uh I would argue that the children certainly were 01:08:44,669 --> 01:08:44,679 argue that the children certainly were 01:08:44,679 --> 01:08:47,229 argue that the children certainly were safer with their parents or were their 01:08:47,229 --> 01:08:47,239 safer with their parents or were their 01:08:47,239 --> 01:08:49,910 safer with their parents or were their mothers in the open F that in the 01:08:49,910 --> 01:08:49,920 mothers in the open F that in the 01:08:49,920 --> 01:08:52,269 mothers in the open F that in the concentration camps this is an age of 01:08:52,269 --> 01:08:52,279 concentration camps this is an age of 01:08:52,279 --> 01:08:53,870 concentration camps this is an age of disease this is something to be born in 01:08:53,870 --> 01:08:53,880 disease this is something to be born in 01:08:53,880 --> 01:08:56,870 disease this is something to be born in mind British AR Lives In Bloom Fantine 01:08:56,870 --> 01:08:56,880 mind British AR Lives In Bloom Fantine 01:08:56,880 --> 01:08:58,870 mind British AR Lives In Bloom Fantine then It suffers a major epidemic of 01:08:58,870 --> 01:08:58,880 then It suffers a major epidemic of 01:08:58,880 --> 01:09:01,269 then It suffers a major epidemic of infectious disease and the casualty toll 01:09:01,269 --> 01:09:01,279 infectious disease and the casualty toll 01:09:01,279 --> 01:09:03,950 infectious disease and the casualty toll from infectious disease is Way Beyond 01:09:03,950 --> 01:09:03,960 from infectious disease is Way Beyond 01:09:03,960 --> 01:09:05,470 from infectious disease is Way Beyond that actually experienced on the on the 01:09:05,470 --> 01:09:05,480 that actually experienced on the on the 01:09:05,480 --> 01:09:07,950 that actually experienced on the on the battlefield I suppose the feeling was 01:09:07,950 --> 01:09:07,960 battlefield I suppose the feeling was 01:09:07,960 --> 01:09:10,269 battlefield I suppose the feeling was well our men are dying of disease it 01:09:10,269 --> 01:09:10,279 well our men are dying of disease it 01:09:10,279 --> 01:09:12,390 well our men are dying of disease it makes no difference if if the BS don't 01:09:12,390 --> 01:09:12,400 makes no difference if if the BS don't 01:09:12,400 --> 01:09:15,309 makes no difference if if the BS don't Prince Victor uh grandson of Queen 01:09:15,309 --> 01:09:15,319 Prince Victor uh grandson of Queen 01:09:15,319 --> 01:09:17,630 Prince Victor uh grandson of Queen Victoria one of the soldiers who went 01:09:17,630 --> 01:09:17,640 Victoria one of the soldiers who went 01:09:17,640 --> 01:09:20,950 Victoria one of the soldiers who went out to fight died of tyho the only ray 01:09:20,950 --> 01:09:20,960 out to fight died of tyho the only ray 01:09:20,960 --> 01:09:23,510 out to fight died of tyho the only ray of light in that war was the fact that 01:09:23,510 --> 01:09:23,520 of light in that war was the fact that 01:09:23,520 --> 01:09:25,910 of light in that war was the fact that the inoculation against 01:09:25,910 --> 01:09:25,920 the inoculation against 01:09:25,920 --> 01:09:28,990 the inoculation against tyho got its main thrust during that war 01:09:28,990 --> 01:09:29,000 tyho got its main thrust during that war 01:09:29,000 --> 01:09:30,870 tyho got its main thrust during that war it's one of the things that this war 01:09:30,870 --> 01:09:30,880 it's one of the things that this war 01:09:30,880 --> 01:09:33,070 it's one of the things that this war gave to the world what really killed 01:09:33,070 --> 01:09:33,080 gave to the world what really killed 01:09:33,080 --> 01:09:34,870 gave to the world what really killed most of the people was 01:09:34,870 --> 01:09:34,880 most of the people was 01:09:34,880 --> 01:09:37,669 most of the people was measles and that would have happened 01:09:37,669 --> 01:09:37,679 measles and that would have happened 01:09:37,679 --> 01:09:39,870 measles and that would have happened even if conditions had been better you 01:09:39,870 --> 01:09:39,880 even if conditions had been better you 01:09:39,880 --> 01:09:41,470 even if conditions had been better you have to remember it was the time before 01:09:41,470 --> 01:09:41,480 have to remember it was the time before 01:09:41,480 --> 01:09:45,229 have to remember it was the time before vitamins were known about and um 01:09:45,229 --> 01:09:45,239 vitamins were known about and um 01:09:45,239 --> 01:09:47,430 vitamins were known about and um although there is no excuse for it of 01:09:47,430 --> 01:09:47,440 although there is no excuse for it of 01:09:47,440 --> 01:09:49,709 although there is no excuse for it of course because uh because it was the 01:09:49,709 --> 01:09:49,719 course because uh because it was the 01:09:49,719 --> 01:09:53,269 course because uh because it was the British uh policy of Total War that uh 01:09:53,269 --> 01:09:53,279 British uh policy of Total War that uh 01:09:53,279 --> 01:09:55,390 British uh policy of Total War that uh that forced the women and children into 01:09:55,390 --> 01:09:55,400 that forced the women and children into 01:09:55,400 --> 01:09:58,470 that forced the women and children into into these camps um in no sense can the 01:09:58,470 --> 01:09:58,480 into these camps um in no sense can the 01:09:58,480 --> 01:10:01,189 into these camps um in no sense can the British be held entirely responsible for 01:10:01,189 --> 01:10:01,199 British be held entirely responsible for 01:10:01,199 --> 01:10:04,550 British be held entirely responsible for every single death there were no large 01:10:04,550 --> 01:10:04,560 every single death there were no large 01:10:04,560 --> 01:10:07,390 every single death there were no large hospitals they were mostly hatman 01:10:07,390 --> 01:10:07,400 hospitals they were mostly hatman 01:10:07,400 --> 01:10:10,229 hospitals they were mostly hatman hospitals or hospitals under 01:10:10,229 --> 01:10:10,239 hospitals or hospitals under 01:10:10,239 --> 01:10:15,070 hospitals or hospitals under canvas by m had my mother got deia in 01:10:15,070 --> 01:10:15,080 canvas by m had my mother got deia in 01:10:15,080 --> 01:10:18,149 canvas by m had my mother got deia in the camp they hid her away at first 01:10:18,149 --> 01:10:18,159 the camp they hid her away at first 01:10:18,159 --> 01:10:20,590 the camp they hid her away at first because they were afraid because of all 01:10:20,590 --> 01:10:20,600 because they were afraid because of all 01:10:20,600 --> 01:10:23,430 because they were afraid because of all the children who went to hospital very 01:10:23,430 --> 01:10:23,440 the children who went to hospital very 01:10:23,440 --> 01:10:25,990 the children who went to hospital very few came back 01:10:25,990 --> 01:10:26,000 few came back 01:10:26,000 --> 01:10:29,750 few came back but later on when she became too ill 01:10:29,750 --> 01:10:29,760 but later on when she became too ill 01:10:29,760 --> 01:10:32,030 but later on when she became too ill they could not hide her anymore and then 01:10:32,030 --> 01:10:32,040 they could not hide her anymore and then 01:10:32,040 --> 01:10:34,830 they could not hide her anymore and then the camp sister came to take her to 01:10:34,830 --> 01:10:34,840 the camp sister came to take her to 01:10:34,840 --> 01:10:38,830 the camp sister came to take her to hospital and Hospital neither they nor 01:10:38,830 --> 01:10:38,840 hospital and Hospital neither they nor 01:10:38,840 --> 01:10:40,950 hospital and Hospital neither they nor their children understood 01:10:40,950 --> 01:10:40,960 their children understood 01:10:40,960 --> 01:10:43,390 their children understood English and the mothers felt that it was 01:10:43,390 --> 01:10:43,400 English and the mothers felt that it was 01:10:43,400 --> 01:10:45,470 English and the mothers felt that it was impossible to give the child into the 01:10:45,470 --> 01:10:45,480 impossible to give the child into the 01:10:45,480 --> 01:10:48,229 impossible to give the child into the care of somebody who did not understand 01:10:48,229 --> 01:10:48,239 care of somebody who did not understand 01:10:48,239 --> 01:10:50,630 care of somebody who did not understand him who did not really care for him and 01:10:50,630 --> 01:10:50,640 him who did not really care for him and 01:10:50,640 --> 01:10:54,630 him who did not really care for him and this after the very often barbarous 01:10:54,630 --> 01:10:54,640 this after the very often barbarous 01:10:54,640 --> 01:10:56,669 this after the very often barbarous method in which these people were 01:10:56,669 --> 01:10:56,679 method in which these people were 01:10:56,679 --> 01:10:59,030 method in which these people were gathered for the Concentration Camp one 01:10:59,030 --> 01:10:59,040 gathered for the Concentration Camp one 01:10:59,040 --> 01:11:00,550 gathered for the Concentration Camp one cannot blame the mothers for not 01:11:00,550 --> 01:11:00,560 cannot blame the mothers for not 01:11:00,560 --> 01:11:03,070 cannot blame the mothers for not trusting the British one couldn't do 01:11:03,070 --> 01:11:03,080 trusting the British one couldn't do 01:11:03,080 --> 01:11:05,910 trusting the British one couldn't do much for tyho you give sloppy Foods you 01:11:05,910 --> 01:11:05,920 much for tyho you give sloppy Foods you 01:11:05,920 --> 01:11:09,149 much for tyho you give sloppy Foods you give milk you starve the patient that 01:11:09,149 --> 01:11:09,159 give milk you starve the patient that 01:11:09,159 --> 01:11:11,310 give milk you starve the patient that was what happened in the camps and that 01:11:11,310 --> 01:11:11,320 was what happened in the camps and that 01:11:11,320 --> 01:11:13,430 was what happened in the camps and that was a source of misunderstanding between 01:11:13,430 --> 01:11:13,440 was a source of misunderstanding between 01:11:13,440 --> 01:11:15,149 was a source of misunderstanding between the medical Authorities on the British 01:11:15,149 --> 01:11:15,159 the medical Authorities on the British 01:11:15,159 --> 01:11:17,709 the medical Authorities on the British side and the mothers of the children 01:11:17,709 --> 01:11:17,719 side and the mothers of the children 01:11:17,719 --> 01:11:19,750 side and the mothers of the children they saw the child weakened they thought 01:11:19,750 --> 01:11:19,760 they saw the child weakened they thought 01:11:19,760 --> 01:11:22,430 they saw the child weakened they thought that the child needed strong food to 01:11:22,430 --> 01:11:22,440 that the child needed strong food to 01:11:22,440 --> 01:11:24,669 that the child needed strong food to make it better so the British are coming 01:11:24,669 --> 01:11:24,679 make it better so the British are coming 01:11:24,679 --> 01:11:26,350 make it better so the British are coming with one perspective on how to prevent 01:11:26,350 --> 01:11:26,360 with one perspective on how to prevent 01:11:26,360 --> 01:11:27,750 with one perspective on how to prevent this disease the poor women are coming 01:11:27,750 --> 01:11:27,760 this disease the poor women are coming 01:11:27,760 --> 01:11:29,990 this disease the poor women are coming with another perspective and neither of 01:11:29,990 --> 01:11:30,000 with another perspective and neither of 01:11:30,000 --> 01:11:33,430 with another perspective and neither of them had the tools that we have today 01:11:33,430 --> 01:11:33,440 them had the tools that we have today 01:11:33,440 --> 01:11:36,270 them had the tools that we have today this was a misunderstanding far beyond 01:11:36,270 --> 01:11:36,280 this was a misunderstanding far beyond 01:11:36,280 --> 01:11:39,470 this was a misunderstanding far beyond language it was a misunderstanding of 01:11:39,470 --> 01:11:39,480 language it was a misunderstanding of 01:11:39,480 --> 01:11:41,750 language it was a misunderstanding of culture you must remember that the buas 01:11:41,750 --> 01:11:41,760 culture you must remember that the buas 01:11:41,760 --> 01:11:43,510 culture you must remember that the buas were in the interior of the country from 01:11:43,510 --> 01:11:43,520 were in the interior of the country from 01:11:43,520 --> 01:11:46,189 were in the interior of the country from the 18th 19th century and they had 01:11:46,189 --> 01:11:46,199 the 18th 19th century and they had 01:11:46,199 --> 01:11:49,149 the 18th 19th century and they had brought a 17th century medical system 01:11:49,149 --> 01:11:49,159 brought a 17th century medical system 01:11:49,159 --> 01:11:53,270 brought a 17th century medical system with them which was even in Britain also 01:11:53,270 --> 01:11:53,280 with them which was even in Britain also 01:11:53,280 --> 01:11:55,629 with them which was even in Britain also in use up to a certain stage in the 19th 01:11:55,629 --> 01:11:55,639 in use up to a certain stage in the 19th 01:11:55,639 --> 01:11:58,910 in use up to a certain stage in the 19th century there's this H up which is was a 01:11:58,910 --> 01:11:58,920 century there's this H up which is was a 01:11:58,920 --> 01:12:01,270 century there's this H up which is was a box of medicines patent medicines the 01:12:01,270 --> 01:12:01,280 box of medicines patent medicines the 01:12:01,280 --> 01:12:03,470 box of medicines patent medicines the original ones came from Germany and then 01:12:03,470 --> 01:12:03,480 original ones came from Germany and then 01:12:03,480 --> 01:12:05,390 original ones came from Germany and then there were a series of I suppose one 01:12:05,390 --> 01:12:05,400 there were a series of I suppose one 01:12:05,400 --> 01:12:07,870 there were a series of I suppose one could call folk traditions of healing 01:12:07,870 --> 01:12:07,880 could call folk traditions of healing 01:12:07,880 --> 01:12:10,510 could call folk traditions of healing which are much more difficult to come to 01:12:10,510 --> 01:12:10,520 which are much more difficult to come to 01:12:10,520 --> 01:12:13,189 which are much more difficult to come to terms with today things like using goats 01:12:13,189 --> 01:12:13,199 terms with today things like using goats 01:12:13,199 --> 01:12:16,629 terms with today things like using goats dung or dung as was often used in a lot 01:12:16,629 --> 01:12:16,639 dung or dung as was often used in a lot 01:12:16,639 --> 01:12:19,189 dung or dung as was often used in a lot of these things or animal parts which 01:12:19,189 --> 01:12:19,199 of these things or animal parts which 01:12:19,199 --> 01:12:21,350 of these things or animal parts which they would Tire on children's Nicks a 01:12:21,350 --> 01:12:21,360 they would Tire on children's Nicks a 01:12:21,360 --> 01:12:23,310 they would Tire on children's Nicks a certain number of Bor women and this is 01:12:23,310 --> 01:12:23,320 certain number of Bor women and this is 01:12:23,320 --> 01:12:25,709 certain number of Bor women and this is really backed up with mountain evidence 01:12:25,709 --> 01:12:25,719 really backed up with mountain evidence 01:12:25,719 --> 01:12:27,990 really backed up with mountain evidence 14 blue books some of them 500 pages 01:12:27,990 --> 01:12:28,000 14 blue books some of them 500 pages 01:12:28,000 --> 01:12:31,870 14 blue books some of them 500 pages long kept to unhygienic standards of 01:12:31,870 --> 01:12:31,880 long kept to unhygienic standards of 01:12:31,880 --> 01:12:33,430 long kept to unhygienic standards of living which had been fine when they 01:12:33,430 --> 01:12:33,440 living which had been fine when they 01:12:33,440 --> 01:12:36,270 living which had been fine when they were on the velt and there were tens of 01:12:36,270 --> 01:12:36,280 were on the velt and there were tens of 01:12:36,280 --> 01:12:37,590 were on the velt and there were tens of Miles sometimes hundreds of miles 01:12:37,590 --> 01:12:37,600 Miles sometimes hundreds of miles 01:12:37,600 --> 01:12:39,750 Miles sometimes hundreds of miles between uh them but when they were all 01:12:39,750 --> 01:12:39,760 between uh them but when they were all 01:12:39,760 --> 01:12:43,510 between uh them but when they were all cooped up in um relatively small areas 01:12:43,510 --> 01:12:43,520 cooped up in um relatively small areas 01:12:43,520 --> 01:12:46,510 cooped up in um relatively small areas this turned into tremendous danger in 01:12:46,510 --> 01:12:46,520 this turned into tremendous danger in 01:12:46,520 --> 01:12:49,709 this turned into tremendous danger in terms of hygiene um the use of of cow 01:12:49,709 --> 01:12:49,719 terms of hygiene um the use of of cow 01:12:49,719 --> 01:12:52,350 terms of hygiene um the use of of cow dong and goat dong for example in uh 01:12:52,350 --> 01:12:52,360 dong and goat dong for example in uh 01:12:52,360 --> 01:12:55,629 dong and goat dong for example in uh medicinal ways was a disaster when um 01:12:55,629 --> 01:12:55,639 medicinal ways was a disaster when um 01:12:55,639 --> 01:12:58,470 medicinal ways was a disaster when um diptheria and col and typhoid with the 01:12:58,470 --> 01:12:58,480 diptheria and col and typhoid with the 01:12:58,480 --> 01:13:00,750 diptheria and col and typhoid with the major Killers well the British blue 01:13:00,750 --> 01:13:00,760 major Killers well the British blue 01:13:00,760 --> 01:13:02,310 major Killers well the British blue books of course are government 01:13:02,310 --> 01:13:02,320 books of course are government 01:13:02,320 --> 01:13:04,629 books of course are government Publications by Britain and what one 01:13:04,629 --> 01:13:04,639 Publications by Britain and what one 01:13:04,639 --> 01:13:07,470 Publications by Britain and what one should remember is that that is one side 01:13:07,470 --> 01:13:07,480 should remember is that that is one side 01:13:07,480 --> 01:13:10,030 should remember is that that is one side of the story and apart from that you 01:13:10,030 --> 01:13:10,040 of the story and apart from that you 01:13:10,040 --> 01:13:11,750 of the story and apart from that you should read those books 01:13:11,750 --> 01:13:11,760 should read those books 01:13:11,760 --> 01:13:15,390 should read those books critically who were the the reporters 01:13:15,390 --> 01:13:15,400 critically who were the the reporters 01:13:15,400 --> 01:13:18,030 critically who were the the reporters there kitchener's uh report in this 01:13:18,030 --> 01:13:18,040 there kitchener's uh report in this 01:13:18,040 --> 01:13:20,590 there kitchener's uh report in this instance is based on that of one of the 01:13:20,590 --> 01:13:20,600 instance is based on that of one of the 01:13:20,600 --> 01:13:23,510 instance is based on that of one of the inspectors Kendall Franks who was sent 01:13:23,510 --> 01:13:23,520 inspectors Kendall Franks who was sent 01:13:23,520 --> 01:13:26,390 inspectors Kendall Franks who was sent to inspect the camps shortly after the 01:13:26,390 --> 01:13:26,400 to inspect the camps shortly after the 01:13:26,400 --> 01:13:28,870 to inspect the camps shortly after the great measles epidemic and Kendall 01:13:28,870 --> 01:13:28,880 great measles epidemic and Kendall 01:13:28,880 --> 01:13:30,910 great measles epidemic and Kendall Franks was very prejudiced against the 01:13:30,910 --> 01:13:30,920 Franks was very prejudiced against the 01:13:30,920 --> 01:13:33,669 Franks was very prejudiced against the bus not understanding that there is a 01:13:33,669 --> 01:13:33,679 bus not understanding that there is a 01:13:33,679 --> 01:13:36,510 bus not understanding that there is a difference in medical 01:13:36,510 --> 01:13:36,520 difference in medical 01:13:36,520 --> 01:13:39,550 difference in medical tradition uh he looked at it from the 01:13:39,550 --> 01:13:39,560 tradition uh he looked at it from the 01:13:39,560 --> 01:13:42,229 tradition uh he looked at it from the upper middle class British point of view 01:13:42,229 --> 01:13:42,239 upper middle class British point of view 01:13:42,239 --> 01:13:44,830 upper middle class British point of view the late 19th century this was his 01:13:44,830 --> 01:13:44,840 the late 19th century this was his 01:13:44,840 --> 01:13:48,550 the late 19th century this was his finding that what these women really 01:13:48,550 --> 01:13:48,560 finding that what these women really 01:13:48,560 --> 01:13:53,030 finding that what these women really needed was sharp discipline and if that 01:13:53,030 --> 01:13:53,040 needed was sharp discipline and if that 01:13:53,040 --> 01:13:55,750 needed was sharp discipline and if that was the case we would not have this sort 01:13:55,750 --> 01:13:55,760 was the case we would not have this sort 01:13:55,760 --> 01:13:58,830 was the case we would not have this sort of trouble and what they needed was a 01:13:58,830 --> 01:13:58,840 of trouble and what they needed was a 01:13:58,840 --> 01:14:01,310 of trouble and what they needed was a bar of blue soap had his absolute 01:14:01,310 --> 01:14:01,320 bar of blue soap had his absolute 01:14:01,320 --> 01:14:02,790 bar of blue soap had his absolute passion for having all the tents lined 01:14:02,790 --> 01:14:02,800 passion for having all the tents lined 01:14:02,800 --> 01:14:05,070 passion for having all the tents lined up in neat rows and they often didn't do 01:14:05,070 --> 01:14:05,080 up in neat rows and they often didn't do 01:14:05,080 --> 01:14:06,750 up in neat rows and they often didn't do this they'd move their tents to be next 01:14:06,750 --> 01:14:06,760 this they'd move their tents to be next 01:14:06,760 --> 01:14:08,510 this they'd move their tents to be next to friends or other members of the 01:14:08,510 --> 01:14:08,520 to friends or other members of the 01:14:08,520 --> 01:14:11,390 to friends or other members of the family so he saw this as being something 01:14:11,390 --> 01:14:11,400 family so he saw this as being something 01:14:11,400 --> 01:14:12,950 family so he saw this as being something which was in some way detrimental to 01:14:12,950 --> 01:14:12,960 which was in some way detrimental to 01:14:12,960 --> 01:14:14,950 which was in some way detrimental to health so when you have a British 01:14:14,950 --> 01:14:14,960 health so when you have a British 01:14:14,960 --> 01:14:17,229 health so when you have a British medical officer saying to them in the 01:14:17,229 --> 01:14:17,239 medical officer saying to them in the 01:14:17,239 --> 01:14:20,149 medical officer saying to them in the mornings um let the air run through your 01:14:20,149 --> 01:14:20,159 mornings um let the air run through your 01:14:20,159 --> 01:14:23,110 mornings um let the air run through your Camp let the air go into your tent open 01:14:23,110 --> 01:14:23,120 Camp let the air go into your tent open 01:14:23,120 --> 01:14:25,110 Camp let the air go into your tent open up the side flaps take your bedding out 01:14:25,110 --> 01:14:25,120 up the side flaps take your bedding out 01:14:25,120 --> 01:14:28,390 up the side flaps take your bedding out and dry it in the sun or whatever which 01:14:28,390 --> 01:14:28,400 and dry it in the sun or whatever which 01:14:28,400 --> 01:14:30,030 and dry it in the sun or whatever which would have been the normal regime for a 01:14:30,030 --> 01:14:30,040 would have been the normal regime for a 01:14:30,040 --> 01:14:33,229 would have been the normal regime for a British army camp this is immediately 01:14:33,229 --> 01:14:33,239 British army camp this is immediately 01:14:33,239 --> 01:14:37,070 British army camp this is immediately thought of by the uh internees as being 01:14:37,070 --> 01:14:37,080 thought of by the uh internees as being 01:14:37,080 --> 01:14:39,950 thought of by the uh internees as being another way of getting AC the boers saw 01:14:39,950 --> 01:14:39,960 another way of getting AC the boers saw 01:14:39,960 --> 01:14:42,510 another way of getting AC the boers saw sweating out of a fever as a solution 01:14:42,510 --> 01:14:42,520 sweating out of a fever as a solution 01:14:42,520 --> 01:14:45,470 sweating out of a fever as a solution that was a typical 17th century idea in 01:14:45,470 --> 01:14:45,480 that was a typical 17th century idea in 01:14:45,480 --> 01:14:47,950 that was a typical 17th century idea in medical practice the problem with those 01:14:47,950 --> 01:14:47,960 medical practice the problem with those 01:14:47,960 --> 01:14:50,310 medical practice the problem with those doctor reports and with the report of 01:14:50,310 --> 01:14:50,320 doctor reports and with the report of 01:14:50,320 --> 01:14:52,950 doctor reports and with the report of the forcet Commission in one level they 01:14:52,950 --> 01:14:52,960 the forcet Commission in one level they 01:14:52,960 --> 01:14:56,030 the forcet Commission in one level they did their work they did point out the 01:14:56,030 --> 01:14:56,040 did their work they did point out the 01:14:56,040 --> 01:14:58,550 did their work they did point out the deficiencies but it's the language in 01:14:58,550 --> 01:14:58,560 deficiencies but it's the language in 01:14:58,560 --> 01:15:01,030 deficiencies but it's the language in which the whole thing is CED got these 01:15:01,030 --> 01:15:01,040 which the whole thing is CED got these 01:15:01,040 --> 01:15:04,149 which the whole thing is CED got these very kind of middle class comments on PE 01:15:04,149 --> 01:15:04,159 very kind of middle class comments on PE 01:15:04,159 --> 01:15:05,830 very kind of middle class comments on PE what people wore they would go into 01:15:05,830 --> 01:15:05,840 what people wore they would go into 01:15:05,840 --> 01:15:07,510 what people wore they would go into these camps and the women would say we 01:15:07,510 --> 01:15:07,520 these camps and the women would say we 01:15:07,520 --> 01:15:09,390 these camps and the women would say we haven't got enough clothing and they'd 01:15:09,390 --> 01:15:09,400 haven't got enough clothing and they'd 01:15:09,400 --> 01:15:11,430 haven't got enough clothing and they'd make them show what they're wearing and 01:15:11,430 --> 01:15:11,440 make them show what they're wearing and 01:15:11,440 --> 01:15:12,950 make them show what they're wearing and then they describe one woman for 01:15:12,950 --> 01:15:12,960 then they describe one woman for 01:15:12,960 --> 01:15:15,709 then they describe one woman for instance had gy clothing they'll say or 01:15:15,709 --> 01:15:15,719 instance had gy clothing they'll say or 01:15:15,719 --> 01:15:18,669 instance had gy clothing they'll say or dirty embroidery on it and you get this 01:15:18,669 --> 01:15:18,679 dirty embroidery on it and you get this 01:15:18,679 --> 01:15:20,470 dirty embroidery on it and you get this kind of 01:15:20,470 --> 01:15:20,480 kind of 01:15:20,480 --> 01:15:23,110 kind of judgmental attitude they're still not 01:15:23,110 --> 01:15:23,120 judgmental attitude they're still not 01:15:23,120 --> 01:15:25,189 judgmental attitude they're still not taking full responsibility they doing 01:15:25,189 --> 01:15:25,199 taking full responsibility they doing 01:15:25,199 --> 01:15:27,310 taking full responsibility they doing this job of Shifting the blame onto the 01:15:27,310 --> 01:15:27,320 this job of Shifting the blame onto the 01:15:27,320 --> 01:15:29,110 this job of Shifting the blame onto the women saying that the women are dirty 01:15:29,110 --> 01:15:29,120 women saying that the women are dirty 01:15:29,120 --> 01:15:31,669 women saying that the women are dirty they live in this fed atmosphere um they 01:15:31,669 --> 01:15:31,679 they live in this fed atmosphere um they 01:15:31,679 --> 01:15:33,629 they live in this fed atmosphere um they don't look after their children properly 01:15:33,629 --> 01:15:33,639 don't look after their children properly 01:15:33,639 --> 01:15:37,669 don't look after their children properly all those sorts of things the moment uh 01:15:37,669 --> 01:15:37,679 all those sorts of things the moment uh 01:15:37,679 --> 01:15:40,350 all those sorts of things the moment uh the conditions in the camps were 01:15:40,350 --> 01:15:40,360 the conditions in the camps were 01:15:40,360 --> 01:15:44,669 the conditions in the camps were improved because of Emily hop House's uh 01:15:44,669 --> 01:15:44,679 improved because of Emily hop House's uh 01:15:44,679 --> 01:15:47,149 improved because of Emily hop House's uh visit and exposure of the whole 01:15:47,149 --> 01:15:47,159 visit and exposure of the whole 01:15:47,159 --> 01:15:50,270 visit and exposure of the whole situation and the forced commissions 01:15:50,270 --> 01:15:50,280 situation and the forced commissions 01:15:50,280 --> 01:15:53,709 situation and the forced commissions changes that they had proposed the 01:15:53,709 --> 01:15:53,719 changes that they had proposed the 01:15:53,719 --> 01:15:56,189 changes that they had proposed the moment these changes occurred and you 01:15:56,189 --> 01:15:56,199 moment these changes occurred and you 01:15:56,199 --> 01:15:58,110 moment these changes occurred and you had better medical facilities and 01:15:58,110 --> 01:15:58,120 had better medical facilities and 01:15:58,120 --> 01:15:59,830 had better medical facilities and doctors and 01:15:59,830 --> 01:15:59,840 doctors and 01:15:59,840 --> 01:16:04,640 doctors and food the the death rate dropped 01:16:04,640 --> 01:16:04,650 food the the death rate dropped 01:16:04,650 --> 01:16:10,870 food the the death rate dropped [Music] 01:16:10,870 --> 01:16:10,880 01:16:10,880 --> 01:16:13,550 dramatically when your 01:16:13,550 --> 01:16:13,560 dramatically when your 01:16:13,560 --> 01:16:18,870 dramatically when your husband is in Bermuda or India or 01:16:18,870 --> 01:16:18,880 husband is in Bermuda or India or 01:16:18,880 --> 01:16:23,189 husband is in Bermuda or India or salon and you have children he may never 01:16:23,189 --> 01:16:23,199 salon and you have children he may never 01:16:23,199 --> 01:16:26,149 salon and you have children he may never see it or 01:16:26,149 --> 01:16:26,159 see it or 01:16:26,159 --> 01:16:29,669 see it or worse you have a child of six or seven 01:16:29,669 --> 01:16:29,679 worse you have a child of six or seven 01:16:29,679 --> 01:16:32,669 worse you have a child of six or seven who gets inter and 01:16:32,669 --> 01:16:32,679 who gets inter and 01:16:32,679 --> 01:16:36,790 who gets inter and dies take a picture of that 01:16:36,790 --> 01:16:36,800 dies take a picture of that 01:16:36,800 --> 01:16:39,590 dies take a picture of that child 01:16:39,590 --> 01:16:39,600 child 01:16:39,600 --> 01:16:42,430 child misunderstood by the British as being 01:16:42,430 --> 01:16:42,440 misunderstood by the British as being 01:16:42,440 --> 01:16:44,110 misunderstood by the British as being bizarre and 01:16:44,110 --> 01:16:44,120 bizarre and 01:16:44,120 --> 01:16:47,750 bizarre and cruel how else would that father know 01:16:47,750 --> 01:16:47,760 cruel how else would that father know 01:16:47,760 --> 01:16:51,510 cruel how else would that father know what his daughter or his son looked like 01:16:51,510 --> 01:16:51,520 what his daughter or his son looked like 01:16:51,520 --> 01:16:54,270 what his daughter or his son looked like at the end propaganda is an inherent 01:16:54,270 --> 01:16:54,280 at the end propaganda is an inherent 01:16:54,280 --> 01:16:55,590 at the end propaganda is an inherent part 01:16:55,590 --> 01:16:55,600 part 01:16:55,600 --> 01:16:59,470 part of preparation for and the conducting of 01:16:59,470 --> 01:16:59,480 of preparation for and the conducting of 01:16:59,480 --> 01:17:01,189 of preparation for and the conducting of a 01:17:01,189 --> 01:17:01,199 a 01:17:01,199 --> 01:17:05,229 a war and the propaganda usually goes all 01:17:05,229 --> 01:17:05,239 war and the propaganda usually goes all 01:17:05,239 --> 01:17:08,390 war and the propaganda usually goes all out to paint your opponent in the most 01:17:08,390 --> 01:17:08,400 out to paint your opponent in the most 01:17:08,400 --> 01:17:12,189 out to paint your opponent in the most awful colors I think people would be 01:17:12,189 --> 01:17:12,199 awful colors I think people would be 01:17:12,199 --> 01:17:16,830 awful colors I think people would be naive if they would think for a second 01:17:16,830 --> 01:17:16,840 naive if they would think for a second 01:17:16,840 --> 01:17:20,950 naive if they would think for a second that 100 years ago the British 01:17:20,950 --> 01:17:20,960 that 100 years ago the British 01:17:20,960 --> 01:17:23,669 that 100 years ago the British government wasn't involved in a massive 01:17:23,669 --> 01:17:23,679 government wasn't involved in a massive 01:17:23,679 --> 01:17:25,750 government wasn't involved in a massive propaganda ploy there was a government 01:17:25,750 --> 01:17:25,760 propaganda ploy there was a government 01:17:25,760 --> 01:17:27,550 propaganda ploy there was a government propaganda machine and I think a lot of 01:17:27,550 --> 01:17:27,560 propaganda machine and I think a lot of 01:17:27,560 --> 01:17:29,510 propaganda machine and I think a lot of people uh simply went went along with it 01:17:29,510 --> 01:17:29,520 people uh simply went went along with it 01:17:29,520 --> 01:17:31,310 people uh simply went went along with it you know the these these buers must be 01:17:31,310 --> 01:17:31,320 you know the these these buers must be 01:17:31,320 --> 01:17:33,629 you know the these these buers must be taught a lesson president kruer as they 01:17:33,629 --> 01:17:33,639 taught a lesson president kruer as they 01:17:33,639 --> 01:17:35,590 taught a lesson president kruer as they called him is an evil old man and all 01:17:35,590 --> 01:17:35,600 called him is an evil old man and all 01:17:35,600 --> 01:17:37,870 called him is an evil old man and all that sort of stuff the daily mail had a 01:17:37,870 --> 01:17:37,880 that sort of stuff the daily mail had a 01:17:37,880 --> 01:17:39,790 that sort of stuff the daily mail had a series of Articles even before the war 01:17:39,790 --> 01:17:39,800 series of Articles even before the war 01:17:39,800 --> 01:17:42,070 series of Articles even before the war started about what was the cause of the 01:17:42,070 --> 01:17:42,080 started about what was the cause of the 01:17:42,080 --> 01:17:44,110 started about what was the cause of the war and they had a picture of the 01:17:44,110 --> 01:17:44,120 war and they had a picture of the 01:17:44,120 --> 01:17:46,590 war and they had a picture of the typical bu and the typical bu for the 01:17:46,590 --> 01:17:46,600 typical bu and the typical bu for the 01:17:46,600 --> 01:17:49,550 typical bu and the typical bu for the daily maale was a man in a hat and coat 01:17:49,550 --> 01:17:49,560 daily maale was a man in a hat and coat 01:17:49,560 --> 01:17:53,350 daily maale was a man in a hat and coat and uh trousers who was a government spy 01:17:53,350 --> 01:17:53,360 and uh trousers who was a government spy 01:17:53,360 --> 01:17:57,030 and uh trousers who was a government spy uh persecuting aanders not a nice person 01:17:57,030 --> 01:17:57,040 uh persecuting aanders not a nice person 01:17:57,040 --> 01:17:59,590 uh persecuting aanders not a nice person at all not reliable and not at all 01:17:59,590 --> 01:17:59,600 at all not reliable and not at all 01:17:59,600 --> 01:18:02,270 at all not reliable and not at all somebody you wanted to associate with 01:18:02,270 --> 01:18:02,280 somebody you wanted to associate with 01:18:02,280 --> 01:18:05,510 somebody you wanted to associate with later on again it was the Daily Mail 01:18:05,510 --> 01:18:05,520 later on again it was the Daily Mail 01:18:05,520 --> 01:18:07,950 later on again it was the Daily Mail which was particularly strong on anti- 01:18:07,950 --> 01:18:07,960 which was particularly strong on anti- 01:18:07,960 --> 01:18:10,910 which was particularly strong on anti- buur propaganda of a very simple-minded 01:18:10,910 --> 01:18:10,920 buur propaganda of a very simple-minded 01:18:10,920 --> 01:18:13,550 buur propaganda of a very simple-minded and direct kind it was inevitable that 01:18:13,550 --> 01:18:13,560 and direct kind it was inevitable that 01:18:13,560 --> 01:18:14,629 and direct kind it was inevitable that there was going to be a certain amount 01:18:14,629 --> 01:18:14,639 there was going to be a certain amount 01:18:14,639 --> 01:18:16,510 there was going to be a certain amount of demonization of the enemy this went 01:18:16,510 --> 01:18:16,520 of demonization of the enemy this went 01:18:16,520 --> 01:18:18,510 of demonization of the enemy this went on in both sides there was a good deal 01:18:18,510 --> 01:18:18,520 on in both sides there was a good deal 01:18:18,520 --> 01:18:20,990 on in both sides there was a good deal of um B demonization of um of the 01:18:20,990 --> 01:18:21,000 of um B demonization of um of the 01:18:21,000 --> 01:18:23,110 of um B demonization of um of the British especially the British um office 01:18:23,110 --> 01:18:23,120 British especially the British um office 01:18:23,120 --> 01:18:25,390 British especially the British um office class and the British royal family 01:18:25,390 --> 01:18:25,400 class and the British royal family 01:18:25,400 --> 01:18:28,590 class and the British royal family it was um just part of uh the new style 01:18:28,590 --> 01:18:28,600 it was um just part of uh the new style 01:18:28,600 --> 01:18:30,750 it was um just part of uh the new style of warfare that you not only had to 01:18:30,750 --> 01:18:30,760 of warfare that you not only had to 01:18:30,760 --> 01:18:32,790 of warfare that you not only had to fight him but you had to hate him uh in 01:18:32,790 --> 01:18:32,800 fight him but you had to hate him uh in 01:18:32,800 --> 01:18:35,950 fight him but you had to hate him uh in doing that they actually made out the 01:18:35,950 --> 01:18:35,960 doing that they actually made out the 01:18:35,960 --> 01:18:38,669 doing that they actually made out the Bor people to be tremendously primitive 01:18:38,669 --> 01:18:38,679 Bor people to be tremendously primitive 01:18:38,679 --> 01:18:40,870 Bor people to be tremendously primitive people of the book they would be called 01:18:40,870 --> 01:18:40,880 people of the book they would be called 01:18:40,880 --> 01:18:42,149 people of the book they would be called uh and they were talking about the Old 01:18:42,149 --> 01:18:42,159 uh and they were talking about the Old 01:18:42,159 --> 01:18:44,870 uh and they were talking about the Old Testament rather than the new and it was 01:18:44,870 --> 01:18:44,880 Testament rather than the new and it was 01:18:44,880 --> 01:18:49,149 Testament rather than the new and it was um a way really of U making the um BS 01:18:49,149 --> 01:18:49,159 um a way really of U making the um BS 01:18:49,159 --> 01:18:51,910 um a way really of U making the um BS less of individuals and more as a sort 01:18:51,910 --> 01:18:51,920 less of individuals and more as a sort 01:18:51,920 --> 01:18:56,510 less of individuals and more as a sort of um uh a group that could be um 01:18:56,510 --> 01:18:56,520 of um uh a group that could be um 01:18:56,520 --> 01:18:58,910 of um uh a group that could be um collectively despised the propaganda 01:18:58,910 --> 01:18:58,920 collectively despised the propaganda 01:18:58,920 --> 01:19:00,990 collectively despised the propaganda machine was really quite powerful it was 01:19:00,990 --> 01:19:01,000 machine was really quite powerful it was 01:19:01,000 --> 01:19:03,070 machine was really quite powerful it was being aided for the first time we must 01:19:03,070 --> 01:19:03,080 being aided for the first time we must 01:19:03,080 --> 01:19:05,669 being aided for the first time we must remember by the moving film and there 01:19:05,669 --> 01:19:05,679 remember by the moving film and there 01:19:05,679 --> 01:19:07,590 remember by the moving film and there are some wonderful bits of of black and 01:19:07,590 --> 01:19:07,600 are some wonderful bits of of black and 01:19:07,600 --> 01:19:09,390 are some wonderful bits of of black and white footage which are of course made 01:19:09,390 --> 01:19:09,400 white footage which are of course made 01:19:09,400 --> 01:19:12,310 white footage which are of course made up their sort of bits of theater but 01:19:12,310 --> 01:19:12,320 up their sort of bits of theater but 01:19:12,320 --> 01:19:16,330 up their sort of bits of theater but they do show Africana bu 01:19:16,330 --> 01:19:16,340 they do show Africana bu 01:19:16,340 --> 01:19:17,910 they do show Africana bu [Music] 01:19:17,910 --> 01:19:17,920 [Music] 01:19:17,920 --> 01:19:25,510 [Music] treachery British prisoners are are shot 01:19:25,510 --> 01:19:25,520 01:19:25,520 --> 01:19:26,730 nurses are 01:19:26,730 --> 01:19:26,740 nurses are 01:19:26,740 --> 01:19:28,990 nurses are [Music] 01:19:28,990 --> 01:19:29,000 [Music] 01:19:29,000 --> 01:19:32,669 [Music] attacked and Bs beg for water waterers 01:19:32,669 --> 01:19:32,679 attacked and Bs beg for water waterers 01:19:32,679 --> 01:19:33,830 attacked and Bs beg for water waterers brought for them they shoot the people 01:19:33,830 --> 01:19:33,840 brought for them they shoot the people 01:19:33,840 --> 01:19:36,110 brought for them they shoot the people to bring the water so the there's that 01:19:36,110 --> 01:19:36,120 to bring the water so the there's that 01:19:36,120 --> 01:19:37,910 to bring the water so the there's that idea that the africanos can't be trusted 01:19:37,910 --> 01:19:37,920 idea that the africanos can't be trusted 01:19:37,920 --> 01:19:40,700 idea that the africanos can't be trusted they're not really like us they're not 01:19:40,700 --> 01:19:40,710 they're not really like us they're not 01:19:40,710 --> 01:19:49,320 they're not really like us they're not [Music] 01:19:49,320 --> 01:19:49,330 [Music] 01:19:49,330 --> 01:19:52,550 [Music] [Laughter] 01:19:52,550 --> 01:19:52,560 [Laughter] 01:19:52,560 --> 01:19:55,310 [Laughter] gentlemen the propaganda was 01:19:55,310 --> 01:19:55,320 gentlemen the propaganda was 01:19:55,320 --> 01:19:57,110 gentlemen the propaganda was the conditions were terrible and they 01:19:57,110 --> 01:19:57,120 the conditions were terrible and they 01:19:57,120 --> 01:19:59,510 the conditions were terrible and they were under no circumstances going to 01:19:59,510 --> 01:19:59,520 were under no circumstances going to 01:19:59,520 --> 01:20:01,910 were under no circumstances going to tell the British public what they were 01:20:01,910 --> 01:20:01,920 tell the British public what they were 01:20:01,920 --> 01:20:04,709 tell the British public what they were doing in in in South Africa which after 01:20:04,709 --> 01:20:04,719 doing in in in South Africa which after 01:20:04,719 --> 01:20:07,629 doing in in in South Africa which after all was some 6,000 mil away it's even 01:20:07,629 --> 01:20:07,639 all was some 6,000 mil away it's even 01:20:07,639 --> 01:20:11,470 all was some 6,000 mil away it's even sad for instance that these bore women 01:20:11,470 --> 01:20:11,480 sad for instance that these bore women 01:20:11,480 --> 01:20:14,229 sad for instance that these bore women and children so many of them are crowded 01:20:14,229 --> 01:20:14,239 and children so many of them are crowded 01:20:14,239 --> 01:20:16,229 and children so many of them are crowded into tents because that's the way they 01:20:16,229 --> 01:20:16,239 into tents because that's the way they 01:20:16,239 --> 01:20:19,070 into tents because that's the way they naturally live anyway in fact they were 01:20:19,070 --> 01:20:19,080 naturally live anyway in fact they were 01:20:19,080 --> 01:20:21,669 naturally live anyway in fact they were portrayed to the British public uh 01:20:21,669 --> 01:20:21,679 portrayed to the British public uh 01:20:21,679 --> 01:20:23,830 portrayed to the British public uh almost a sort of well not exactly 01:20:23,830 --> 01:20:23,840 almost a sort of well not exactly 01:20:23,840 --> 01:20:26,830 almost a sort of well not exactly holiday camps but uh certainly 01:20:26,830 --> 01:20:26,840 holiday camps but uh certainly 01:20:26,840 --> 01:20:29,629 holiday camps but uh certainly humanitarian camps refugee camps at 01:20:29,629 --> 01:20:29,639 humanitarian camps refugee camps at 01:20:29,639 --> 01:20:31,870 humanitarian camps refugee camps at worst remember that Britain was 01:20:31,870 --> 01:20:31,880 worst remember that Britain was 01:20:31,880 --> 01:20:35,629 worst remember that Britain was controlling the Press of Europe with the 01:20:35,629 --> 01:20:35,639 controlling the Press of Europe with the 01:20:35,639 --> 01:20:39,270 controlling the Press of Europe with the cable lines from Cape Town and therefore 01:20:39,270 --> 01:20:39,280 cable lines from Cape Town and therefore 01:20:39,280 --> 01:20:42,590 cable lines from Cape Town and therefore what was going through to Europe was the 01:20:42,590 --> 01:20:42,600 what was going through to Europe was the 01:20:42,600 --> 01:20:45,669 what was going through to Europe was the British propaganda if uh Revelations 01:20:45,669 --> 01:20:45,679 British propaganda if uh Revelations 01:20:45,679 --> 01:20:49,350 British propaganda if uh Revelations come uh that actually we have a sort of 01:20:49,350 --> 01:20:49,360 come uh that actually we have a sort of 01:20:49,360 --> 01:20:51,709 come uh that actually we have a sort of genocide even if it's 01:20:51,709 --> 01:20:51,719 genocide even if it's 01:20:51,719 --> 01:20:53,550 genocide even if it's unintentional people are dying like 01:20:53,550 --> 01:20:53,560 unintentional people are dying like 01:20:53,560 --> 01:20:55,149 unintentional people are dying like flies and so on 01:20:55,149 --> 01:20:55,159 flies and so on 01:20:55,159 --> 01:20:57,510 flies and so on this is not uh very nice to acknowledge 01:20:57,510 --> 01:20:57,520 this is not uh very nice to acknowledge 01:20:57,520 --> 01:21:00,550 this is not uh very nice to acknowledge the British public did not believe this 01:21:00,550 --> 01:21:00,560 the British public did not believe this 01:21:00,560 --> 01:21:03,030 the British public did not believe this but as more and more and more reports 01:21:03,030 --> 01:21:03,040 but as more and more and more reports 01:21:03,040 --> 01:21:05,390 but as more and more and more reports started to come through something had to 01:21:05,390 --> 01:21:05,400 started to come through something had to 01:21:05,400 --> 01:21:07,669 started to come through something had to be done and then you find in the in the 01:21:07,669 --> 01:21:07,679 be done and then you find in the in the 01:21:07,679 --> 01:21:10,270 be done and then you find in the in the European press the stories coming 01:21:10,270 --> 01:21:10,280 European press the stories coming 01:21:10,280 --> 01:21:12,590 European press the stories coming through of the British concentration 01:21:12,590 --> 01:21:12,600 through of the British concentration 01:21:12,600 --> 01:21:15,790 through of the British concentration camps and the suffering there and this 01:21:15,790 --> 01:21:15,800 camps and the suffering there and this 01:21:15,800 --> 01:21:18,790 camps and the suffering there and this becomes a very strong voice people in 01:21:18,790 --> 01:21:18,800 becomes a very strong voice people in 01:21:18,800 --> 01:21:21,030 becomes a very strong voice people in France people in Germany people in 01:21:21,030 --> 01:21:21,040 France people in Germany people in 01:21:21,040 --> 01:21:22,910 France people in Germany people in Russia people in 01:21:22,910 --> 01:21:22,920 Russia people in 01:21:22,920 --> 01:21:25,070 Russia people in Holland people in United 01:21:25,070 --> 01:21:25,080 Holland people in United 01:21:25,080 --> 01:21:28,350 Holland people in United states are all in fact fastening on to 01:21:28,350 --> 01:21:28,360 states are all in fact fastening on to 01:21:28,360 --> 01:21:30,149 states are all in fact fastening on to the camps you know that Britain is now 01:21:30,149 --> 01:21:30,159 the camps you know that Britain is now 01:21:30,159 --> 01:21:33,590 the camps you know that Britain is now pursuing a barbaric war in in South 01:21:33,590 --> 01:21:33,600 pursuing a barbaric war in in South 01:21:33,600 --> 01:21:34,870 pursuing a barbaric war in in South Africa so certainly in terms of 01:21:34,870 --> 01:21:34,880 Africa so certainly in terms of 01:21:34,880 --> 01:21:36,310 Africa so certainly in terms of Britain's International position it's 01:21:36,310 --> 01:21:36,320 Britain's International position it's 01:21:36,320 --> 01:21:39,350 Britain's International position it's not doing it any any good at all some of 01:21:39,350 --> 01:21:39,360 not doing it any any good at all some of 01:21:39,360 --> 01:21:40,790 not doing it any any good at all some of the of the really powerful stuff of 01:21:40,790 --> 01:21:40,800 the of the really powerful stuff of 01:21:40,800 --> 01:21:43,550 the of the really powerful stuff of course comes from France and Germany and 01:21:43,550 --> 01:21:43,560 course comes from France and Germany and 01:21:43,560 --> 01:21:47,189 course comes from France and Germany and America and there British atrocities are 01:21:47,189 --> 01:21:47,199 America and there British atrocities are 01:21:47,199 --> 01:21:50,950 America and there British atrocities are um played out in cartoon form in in all 01:21:50,950 --> 01:21:50,960 um played out in cartoon form in in all 01:21:50,960 --> 01:21:54,110 um played out in cartoon form in in all sorts of um representations of brutality 01:21:54,110 --> 01:21:54,120 sorts of um representations of brutality 01:21:54,120 --> 01:21:56,910 sorts of um representations of brutality um so the propaganda War swirls around 01:21:56,910 --> 01:21:56,920 um so the propaganda War swirls around 01:21:56,920 --> 01:21:58,910 um so the propaganda War swirls around the masses the populations of these 01:21:58,910 --> 01:21:58,920 the masses the populations of these 01:21:58,920 --> 01:22:01,830 the masses the populations of these countries were to a great extent proor 01:22:01,830 --> 01:22:01,840 countries were to a great extent proor 01:22:01,840 --> 01:22:04,790 countries were to a great extent proor as was discovered when Paul Krueger went 01:22:04,790 --> 01:22:04,800 as was discovered when Paul Krueger went 01:22:04,800 --> 01:22:08,870 as was discovered when Paul Krueger went to Europe in December 1900 he was along 01:22:08,870 --> 01:22:08,880 to Europe in December 1900 he was along 01:22:08,880 --> 01:22:11,189 to Europe in December 1900 he was along the routs in France and in the 01:22:11,189 --> 01:22:11,199 the routs in France and in the 01:22:11,199 --> 01:22:14,149 the routs in France and in the Netherlands and in Belgium he was 01:22:14,149 --> 01:22:14,159 Netherlands and in Belgium he was 01:22:14,159 --> 01:22:17,189 Netherlands and in Belgium he was accepted by these people like Mr Mandela 01:22:17,189 --> 01:22:17,199 accepted by these people like Mr Mandela 01:22:17,199 --> 01:22:21,110 accepted by these people like Mr Mandela was accepted 90 years 01:22:21,110 --> 01:22:21,120 01:22:21,120 --> 01:22:25,149 later there were many Brave women 01:22:25,149 --> 01:22:25,159 later there were many Brave women 01:22:25,159 --> 01:22:27,790 later there were many Brave women on bu side during the 01:22:27,790 --> 01:22:27,800 on bu side during the 01:22:27,800 --> 01:22:31,110 on bu side during the war but I think the bravest woman of all 01:22:31,110 --> 01:22:31,120 war but I think the bravest woman of all 01:22:31,120 --> 01:22:32,920 war but I think the bravest woman of all was Emily 01:22:32,920 --> 01:22:32,930 was Emily 01:22:32,930 --> 01:22:36,350 was Emily [Music] 01:22:36,350 --> 01:22:36,360 [Music] 01:22:36,360 --> 01:22:39,470 [Music] o ladies and 01:22:39,470 --> 01:22:39,480 o ladies and 01:22:39,480 --> 01:22:42,750 o ladies and gentlemen distinguished guests including 01:22:42,750 --> 01:22:42,760 gentlemen distinguished guests including 01:22:42,760 --> 01:22:45,149 gentlemen distinguished guests including many of you who have traveled far to be 01:22:45,149 --> 01:22:45,159 many of you who have traveled far to be 01:22:45,159 --> 01:22:48,149 many of you who have traveled far to be with us today we are gathered here to 01:22:48,149 --> 01:22:48,159 with us today we are gathered here to 01:22:48,159 --> 01:22:51,390 with us today we are gathered here to pay homage to one who came to our Shores 01:22:51,390 --> 01:22:51,400 pay homage to one who came to our Shores 01:22:51,400 --> 01:22:54,870 pay homage to one who came to our Shores many years ago in a gesture of love and 01:22:54,870 --> 01:22:54,880 many years ago in a gesture of love and 01:22:54,880 --> 01:22:57,709 many years ago in a gesture of love and kindness her name is great and 01:22:57,709 --> 01:22:57,719 kindness her name is great and 01:22:57,719 --> 01:23:01,189 kindness her name is great and reverenced not only in South Africa but 01:23:01,189 --> 01:23:01,199 reverenced not only in South Africa but 01:23:01,199 --> 01:23:03,669 reverenced not only in South Africa but also in thousands of homes on the 01:23:03,669 --> 01:23:03,679 also in thousands of homes on the 01:23:03,679 --> 01:23:05,470 also in thousands of homes on the continent of 01:23:05,470 --> 01:23:05,480 continent of 01:23:05,480 --> 01:23:09,110 continent of Europe we stood alone in the world 01:23:09,110 --> 01:23:09,120 Europe we stood alone in the world 01:23:09,120 --> 01:23:12,390 Europe we stood alone in the world friendless among the people the smallest 01:23:12,390 --> 01:23:12,400 friendless among the people the smallest 01:23:12,400 --> 01:23:14,830 friendless among the people the smallest Nation ranged against the mightiest 01:23:14,830 --> 01:23:14,840 Nation ranged against the mightiest 01:23:14,840 --> 01:23:16,070 Nation ranged against the mightiest Empire on 01:23:16,070 --> 01:23:16,080 Empire on 01:23:16,080 --> 01:23:20,110 Empire on Earth then one small hand the hand of a 01:23:20,110 --> 01:23:20,120 Earth then one small hand the hand of a 01:23:20,120 --> 01:23:23,430 Earth then one small hand the hand of a woman was stretched out to us as a 01:23:23,430 --> 01:23:23,440 woman was stretched out to us as a 01:23:23,440 --> 01:23:25,510 woman was stretched out to us as a humanitarian 01:23:25,510 --> 01:23:25,520 humanitarian 01:23:25,520 --> 01:23:29,070 humanitarian and belonging to a humanitarian benefit 01:23:29,070 --> 01:23:29,080 and belonging to a humanitarian benefit 01:23:29,080 --> 01:23:34,149 and belonging to a humanitarian benefit Society if you like she was sent by her 01:23:34,149 --> 01:23:34,159 Society if you like she was sent by her 01:23:34,159 --> 01:23:37,270 Society if you like she was sent by her committee to come and visit this country 01:23:37,270 --> 01:23:37,280 committee to come and visit this country 01:23:37,280 --> 01:23:40,510 committee to come and visit this country and see uh how they could perhaps help 01:23:40,510 --> 01:23:40,520 and see uh how they could perhaps help 01:23:40,520 --> 01:23:42,510 and see uh how they could perhaps help she's what we would call an aid worker 01:23:42,510 --> 01:23:42,520 she's what we would call an aid worker 01:23:42,520 --> 01:23:45,669 she's what we would call an aid worker now and she manages to get through the 01:23:45,669 --> 01:23:45,679 now and she manages to get through the 01:23:45,679 --> 01:23:47,390 now and she manages to get through the net other people hadn't been able to go 01:23:47,390 --> 01:23:47,400 net other people hadn't been able to go 01:23:47,400 --> 01:23:49,229 net other people hadn't been able to go and see the camps she was also very 01:23:49,229 --> 01:23:49,239 and see the camps she was also very 01:23:49,239 --> 01:23:50,709 and see the camps she was also very restricted as to where she was allowed 01:23:50,709 --> 01:23:50,719 restricted as to where she was allowed 01:23:50,719 --> 01:23:53,310 restricted as to where she was allowed to go she was here for 3 months during 01:23:53,310 --> 01:23:53,320 to go she was here for 3 months during 01:23:53,320 --> 01:23:56,590 to go she was here for 3 months during the war mainly in blue Fontaine also in 01:23:56,590 --> 01:23:56,600 the war mainly in blue Fontaine also in 01:23:56,600 --> 01:24:00,270 the war mainly in blue Fontaine also in Spring Fontaine noral Spa Kimberly a few 01:24:00,270 --> 01:24:00,280 Spring Fontaine noral Spa Kimberly a few 01:24:00,280 --> 01:24:02,350 Spring Fontaine noral Spa Kimberly a few other places maiking she wasn't allowed 01:24:02,350 --> 01:24:02,360 other places maiking she wasn't allowed 01:24:02,360 --> 01:24:04,510 other places maiking she wasn't allowed to go to any camps in the transval and 01:24:04,510 --> 01:24:04,520 to go to any camps in the transval and 01:24:04,520 --> 01:24:06,669 to go to any camps in the transval and what she sees is actually horrifying to 01:24:06,669 --> 01:24:06,679 what she sees is actually horrifying to 01:24:06,679 --> 01:24:08,910 what she sees is actually horrifying to her because she expect she she was just 01:24:08,910 --> 01:24:08,920 her because she expect she she was just 01:24:08,920 --> 01:24:11,070 her because she expect she she was just going to deliver these sort of extras 01:24:11,070 --> 01:24:11,080 going to deliver these sort of extras 01:24:11,080 --> 01:24:13,910 going to deliver these sort of extras Comforts um and she finds the absolutely 01:24:13,910 --> 01:24:13,920 Comforts um and she finds the absolutely 01:24:13,920 --> 01:24:15,750 Comforts um and she finds the absolutely basic things aren't there she asked for 01:24:15,750 --> 01:24:15,760 basic things aren't there she asked for 01:24:15,760 --> 01:24:19,390 basic things aren't there she asked for soap she asked that the water um be 01:24:19,390 --> 01:24:19,400 soap she asked that the water um be 01:24:19,400 --> 01:24:22,189 soap she asked that the water um be boiled she asked that the Russians be 01:24:22,189 --> 01:24:22,199 boiled she asked that the Russians be 01:24:22,199 --> 01:24:24,470 boiled she asked that the Russians be improved she felt she had to stand up 01:24:24,470 --> 01:24:24,480 improved she felt she had to stand up 01:24:24,480 --> 01:24:25,830 improved she felt she had to stand up speak for the women and children who 01:24:25,830 --> 01:24:25,840 speak for the women and children who 01:24:25,840 --> 01:24:29,950 speak for the women and children who were being treated in an inhuman way um 01:24:29,950 --> 01:24:29,960 were being treated in an inhuman way um 01:24:29,960 --> 01:24:33,590 were being treated in an inhuman way um being killed um dying uh because nobody 01:24:33,590 --> 01:24:33,600 being killed um dying uh because nobody 01:24:33,600 --> 01:24:36,229 being killed um dying uh because nobody was bothering about proper medicines and 01:24:36,229 --> 01:24:36,239 was bothering about proper medicines and 01:24:36,239 --> 01:24:38,310 was bothering about proper medicines and proper doctoring and proper treatment in 01:24:38,310 --> 01:24:38,320 proper doctoring and proper treatment in 01:24:38,320 --> 01:24:40,750 proper doctoring and proper treatment in the 01:24:40,750 --> 01:24:40,760 01:24:40,760 --> 01:24:44,189 camps it was about 4:00 of a scorching 01:24:44,189 --> 01:24:44,199 camps it was about 4:00 of a scorching 01:24:44,199 --> 01:24:46,629 camps it was about 4:00 of a scorching afternoon when I set foot in the camp 01:24:46,629 --> 01:24:46,639 afternoon when I set foot in the camp 01:24:46,639 --> 01:24:48,709 afternoon when I set foot in the camp and I can't tell you what I felt like so 01:24:48,709 --> 01:24:48,719 and I can't tell you what I felt like so 01:24:48,719 --> 01:24:49,790 and I can't tell you what I felt like so I won't 01:24:49,790 --> 01:24:49,800 I won't 01:24:49,800 --> 01:24:52,870 I won't try I call this Camp system a wholesale 01:24:52,870 --> 01:24:52,880 try I call this Camp system a wholesale 01:24:52,880 --> 01:24:54,470 try I call this Camp system a wholesale cruelty 01:24:54,470 --> 01:24:54,480 cruelty 01:24:54,480 --> 01:24:55,870 cruelty can never be wiped out of the memories 01:24:55,870 --> 01:24:55,880 can never be wiped out of the memories 01:24:55,880 --> 01:24:59,229 can never be wiped out of the memories of the people it presses hardest on the 01:24:59,229 --> 01:24:59,239 of the people it presses hardest on the 01:24:59,239 --> 01:25:02,430 of the people it presses hardest on the children they droop in the terrible heat 01:25:02,430 --> 01:25:02,440 children they droop in the terrible heat 01:25:02,440 --> 01:25:04,430 children they droop in the terrible heat and with the insufficient unsuitable 01:25:04,430 --> 01:25:04,440 and with the insufficient unsuitable 01:25:04,440 --> 01:25:07,070 and with the insufficient unsuitable food whatever you do whatever the 01:25:07,070 --> 01:25:07,080 food whatever you do whatever the 01:25:07,080 --> 01:25:09,030 food whatever you do whatever the authorities do and they are I believe 01:25:09,030 --> 01:25:09,040 authorities do and they are I believe 01:25:09,040 --> 01:25:11,750 authorities do and they are I believe doing their best with very limited means 01:25:11,750 --> 01:25:11,760 doing their best with very limited means 01:25:11,760 --> 01:25:14,430 doing their best with very limited means it is all only a miserable Pat upon a 01:25:14,430 --> 01:25:14,440 it is all only a miserable Pat upon a 01:25:14,440 --> 01:25:17,590 it is all only a miserable Pat upon a great ill 01:25:17,590 --> 01:25:17,600 great ill 01:25:17,600 --> 01:25:21,149 great ill Kitchener I think it is fair to 01:25:21,149 --> 01:25:21,159 Kitchener I think it is fair to 01:25:21,159 --> 01:25:24,750 Kitchener I think it is fair to say if he didn't hate women he didn't 01:25:24,750 --> 01:25:24,760 say if he didn't hate women he didn't 01:25:24,760 --> 01:25:27,790 say if he didn't hate women he didn't like them much he once said to his 01:25:27,790 --> 01:25:27,800 like them much he once said to his 01:25:27,800 --> 01:25:30,669 like them much he once said to his sister Emily who came to Egypt wearing 01:25:30,669 --> 01:25:30,679 sister Emily who came to Egypt wearing 01:25:30,679 --> 01:25:34,030 sister Emily who came to Egypt wearing Six Guns and smoking a 01:25:34,030 --> 01:25:34,040 Six Guns and smoking a 01:25:34,040 --> 01:25:37,669 Six Guns and smoking a cigar what is wrong with 01:25:37,669 --> 01:25:37,679 cigar what is wrong with 01:25:37,679 --> 01:25:40,270 cigar what is wrong with women perhaps kitchener's greatest 01:25:40,270 --> 01:25:40,280 women perhaps kitchener's greatest 01:25:40,280 --> 01:25:43,430 women perhaps kitchener's greatest confrontation was with Emily 01:25:43,430 --> 01:25:43,440 confrontation was with Emily 01:25:43,440 --> 01:25:46,350 confrontation was with Emily habous when he called her that Bloody 01:25:46,350 --> 01:25:46,360 habous when he called her that Bloody 01:25:46,360 --> 01:25:49,270 habous when he called her that Bloody woman she had a very hard time with Kina 01:25:49,270 --> 01:25:49,280 woman she had a very hard time with Kina 01:25:49,280 --> 01:25:51,390 woman she had a very hard time with Kina you know her first trip she made I don't 01:25:51,390 --> 01:25:51,400 you know her first trip she made I don't 01:25:51,400 --> 01:25:53,830 you know her first trip she made I don't think he realized what was happening and 01:25:53,830 --> 01:25:53,840 think he realized what was happening and 01:25:53,840 --> 01:25:55,109 think he realized what was happening and when she went back and she went to 01:25:55,109 --> 01:25:55,119 when she went back and she went to 01:25:55,119 --> 01:25:57,350 when she went back and she went to Parliament with all the bad 01:25:57,350 --> 01:25:57,360 Parliament with all the bad 01:25:57,360 --> 01:25:59,669 Parliament with all the bad news then when she came out the second 01:25:59,669 --> 01:25:59,679 news then when she came out the second 01:25:59,679 --> 01:26:03,149 news then when she came out the second time she did that long sea voyage and he 01:26:03,149 --> 01:26:03,159 time she did that long sea voyage and he 01:26:03,159 --> 01:26:06,189 time she did that long sea voyage and he wouldn't he actually arrested her in at 01:26:06,189 --> 01:26:06,199 wouldn't he actually arrested her in at 01:26:06,199 --> 01:26:07,629 wouldn't he actually arrested her in at Cape Town dock he wouldn't let her off 01:26:07,629 --> 01:26:07,639 Cape Town dock he wouldn't let her off 01:26:07,639 --> 01:26:10,149 Cape Town dock he wouldn't let her off the ship and she was ill and she had to 01:26:10,149 --> 01:26:10,159 the ship and she was ill and she had to 01:26:10,159 --> 01:26:11,629 the ship and she was ill and she had to turn around and go all the way back she 01:26:11,629 --> 01:26:11,639 turn around and go all the way back she 01:26:11,639 --> 01:26:13,629 turn around and go all the way back she was much more than just a pro bore 01:26:13,629 --> 01:26:13,639 was much more than just a pro bore 01:26:13,639 --> 01:26:16,629 was much more than just a pro bore apologist she believed very passionately 01:26:16,629 --> 01:26:16,639 apologist she believed very passionately 01:26:16,639 --> 01:26:19,109 apologist she believed very passionately throughout her life in supporting people 01:26:19,109 --> 01:26:19,119 throughout her life in supporting people 01:26:19,119 --> 01:26:21,149 throughout her life in supporting people who were the underdog she made herself 01:26:21,149 --> 01:26:21,159 who were the underdog she made herself 01:26:21,159 --> 01:26:22,990 who were the underdog she made herself extremely unpopular during the first 01:26:22,990 --> 01:26:23,000 extremely unpopular during the first 01:26:23,000 --> 01:26:24,750 extremely unpopular during the first world war because she took a very 01:26:24,750 --> 01:26:24,760 world war because she took a very 01:26:24,760 --> 01:26:26,510 world war because she took a very similar attitude towards the women and 01:26:26,510 --> 01:26:26,520 similar attitude towards the women and 01:26:26,520 --> 01:26:28,750 similar attitude towards the women and children in Germany and she had been 01:26:28,750 --> 01:26:28,760 children in Germany and she had been 01:26:28,760 --> 01:26:31,229 children in Germany and she had been writing letters back to uh Britain 01:26:31,229 --> 01:26:31,239 writing letters back to uh Britain 01:26:31,239 --> 01:26:33,310 writing letters back to uh Britain telling them what was going on some of 01:26:33,310 --> 01:26:33,320 telling them what was going on some of 01:26:33,320 --> 01:26:34,629 telling them what was going on some of the letters had been 01:26:34,629 --> 01:26:34,639 the letters had been 01:26:34,639 --> 01:26:38,390 the letters had been published and the government uh labeled 01:26:38,390 --> 01:26:38,400 published and the government uh labeled 01:26:38,400 --> 01:26:41,109 published and the government uh labeled her a liar because she 01:26:41,109 --> 01:26:41,119 her a liar because she 01:26:41,119 --> 01:26:46,550 her a liar because she interfered in their scheme of punishment 01:26:46,550 --> 01:26:46,560 interfered in their scheme of punishment 01:26:46,560 --> 01:26:49,109 interfered in their scheme of punishment um to the B woman and children so they 01:26:49,109 --> 01:26:49,119 um to the B woman and children so they 01:26:49,119 --> 01:26:51,390 um to the B woman and children so they knew what they were doing and they 01:26:51,390 --> 01:26:51,400 knew what they were doing and they 01:26:51,400 --> 01:26:54,669 knew what they were doing and they didn't want it spread around she was a 01:26:54,669 --> 01:26:54,679 didn't want it spread around she was a 01:26:54,679 --> 01:26:56,709 didn't want it spread around she was a very courageous woman she stood up for 01:26:56,709 --> 01:26:56,719 very courageous woman she stood up for 01:26:56,719 --> 01:26:58,910 very courageous woman she stood up for what she believed in and she was not 01:26:58,910 --> 01:26:58,920 what she believed in and she was not 01:26:58,920 --> 01:27:01,149 what she believed in and she was not exactly Meely mouthed the letters she 01:27:01,149 --> 01:27:01,159 exactly Meely mouthed the letters she 01:27:01,159 --> 01:27:02,870 exactly Meely mouthed the letters she writes to the times and the way she 01:27:02,870 --> 01:27:02,880 writes to the times and the way she 01:27:02,880 --> 01:27:05,510 writes to the times and the way she approached things she was quite sharp 01:27:05,510 --> 01:27:05,520 approached things she was quite sharp 01:27:05,520 --> 01:27:08,550 approached things she was quite sharp and quite Savage when The Saga of the 01:27:08,550 --> 01:27:08,560 and quite Savage when The Saga of the 01:27:08,560 --> 01:27:10,750 and quite Savage when The Saga of the concentration camps comes 01:27:10,750 --> 01:27:10,760 concentration camps comes 01:27:10,760 --> 01:27:14,830 concentration camps comes along and when these camps are 01:27:14,830 --> 01:27:14,840 along and when these camps are 01:27:14,840 --> 01:27:17,750 along and when these camps are defended um when people argue against 01:27:17,750 --> 01:27:17,760 defended um when people argue against 01:27:17,760 --> 01:27:20,350 defended um when people argue against Emily hob house and send letters to the 01:27:20,350 --> 01:27:20,360 Emily hob house and send letters to the 01:27:20,360 --> 01:27:23,629 Emily hob house and send letters to the times to say that Emily hob house is um 01:27:23,629 --> 01:27:23,639 times to say that Emily hob house is um 01:27:23,639 --> 01:27:26,070 times to say that Emily hob house is um misre representing what's happened there 01:27:26,070 --> 01:27:26,080 misre representing what's happened there 01:27:26,080 --> 01:27:28,830 misre representing what's happened there the British public are inclined to 01:27:28,830 --> 01:27:28,840 the British public are inclined to 01:27:28,840 --> 01:27:31,470 the British public are inclined to believe those defenses of the camps 01:27:31,470 --> 01:27:31,480 believe those defenses of the camps 01:27:31,480 --> 01:27:33,510 believe those defenses of the camps there was the story of Lizzy fonel if 01:27:33,510 --> 01:27:33,520 there was the story of Lizzy fonel if 01:27:33,520 --> 01:27:35,470 there was the story of Lizzy fonel if you ever see a picture of Lizzy fonel 01:27:35,470 --> 01:27:35,480 you ever see a picture of Lizzy fonel 01:27:35,480 --> 01:27:37,950 you ever see a picture of Lizzy fonel she looks as if she'd come out of asz 01:27:37,950 --> 01:27:37,960 she looks as if she'd come out of asz 01:27:37,960 --> 01:27:39,510 she looks as if she'd come out of asz the picture was published all over 01:27:39,510 --> 01:27:39,520 the picture was published all over 01:27:39,520 --> 01:27:42,229 the picture was published all over Britain the London Daily Mail published 01:27:42,229 --> 01:27:42,239 Britain the London Daily Mail published 01:27:42,239 --> 01:27:44,310 Britain the London Daily Mail published it saying that this was taken this was a 01:27:44,310 --> 01:27:44,320 it saying that this was taken this was a 01:27:44,320 --> 01:27:47,510 it saying that this was taken this was a picture taken uh by a British doctor of 01:27:47,510 --> 01:27:47,520 picture taken uh by a British doctor of 01:27:47,520 --> 01:27:50,870 picture taken uh by a British doctor of this child uh and and it was an 01:27:50,870 --> 01:27:50,880 this child uh and and it was an 01:27:50,880 --> 01:27:54,470 this child uh and and it was an indication of Bor mistreatment but it 01:27:54,470 --> 01:27:54,480 indication of Bor mistreatment but it 01:27:54,480 --> 01:27:55,990 indication of Bor mistreatment but it was actually a picture 01:27:55,990 --> 01:27:56,000 was actually a picture 01:27:56,000 --> 01:27:58,830 was actually a picture taken by a b photographer the picture 01:27:58,830 --> 01:27:58,840 taken by a b photographer the picture 01:27:58,840 --> 01:28:00,990 taken by a b photographer the picture was used for propaganda left right and 01:28:00,990 --> 01:28:01,000 was used for propaganda left right and 01:28:01,000 --> 01:28:05,990 was used for propaganda left right and Center in England it was how B people 01:28:05,990 --> 01:28:06,000 Center in England it was how B people 01:28:06,000 --> 01:28:08,870 Center in England it was how B people treated their children it was 01:28:08,870 --> 01:28:08,880 treated their children it was 01:28:08,880 --> 01:28:12,550 treated their children it was 101 different things Emily's answer was 01:28:12,550 --> 01:28:12,560 101 different things Emily's answer was 01:28:12,560 --> 01:28:15,149 101 different things Emily's answer was quite simple she knew Lizzie 01:28:15,149 --> 01:28:15,159 quite simple she knew Lizzie 01:28:15,159 --> 01:28:18,629 quite simple she knew Lizzie fonel she knew her mother and how her 01:28:18,629 --> 01:28:18,639 fonel she knew her mother and how her 01:28:18,639 --> 01:28:21,830 fonel she knew her mother and how her mother had struggled it turned into a 01:28:21,830 --> 01:28:21,840 mother had struggled it turned into a 01:28:21,840 --> 01:28:24,629 mother had struggled it turned into a huge fight really between 01:28:24,629 --> 01:28:24,639 huge fight really between 01:28:24,639 --> 01:28:27,709 huge fight really between the British uh Administration and and 01:28:27,709 --> 01:28:27,719 the British uh Administration and and 01:28:27,719 --> 01:28:30,990 the British uh Administration and and Emily her voice was heard and in 01:28:30,990 --> 01:28:31,000 Emily her voice was heard and in 01:28:31,000 --> 01:28:32,990 Emily her voice was heard and in Parliament this came through and it 01:28:32,990 --> 01:28:33,000 Parliament this came through and it 01:28:33,000 --> 01:28:34,310 Parliament this came through and it became an 01:28:34,310 --> 01:28:34,320 became an 01:28:34,320 --> 01:28:37,830 became an uneasy reminder for the British that 01:28:37,830 --> 01:28:37,840 uneasy reminder for the British that 01:28:37,840 --> 01:28:40,390 uneasy reminder for the British that something terrible was happening sou in 01:28:40,390 --> 01:28:40,400 something terrible was happening sou in 01:28:40,400 --> 01:28:42,910 something terrible was happening sou in South Africa something that we're not 01:28:42,910 --> 01:28:42,920 South Africa something that we're not 01:28:42,920 --> 01:28:45,629 South Africa something that we're not aware of she persuaded the leader of the 01:28:45,629 --> 01:28:45,639 aware of she persuaded the leader of the 01:28:45,639 --> 01:28:47,430 aware of she persuaded the leader of the Liberal Party Campbell banman to take it 01:28:47,430 --> 01:28:47,440 Liberal Party Campbell banman to take it 01:28:47,440 --> 01:28:49,310 Liberal Party Campbell banman to take it up Campbell banman made in his famous 01:28:49,310 --> 01:28:49,320 up Campbell banman made in his famous 01:28:49,320 --> 01:28:52,390 up Campbell banman made in his famous speech the denunciation of this policy 01:28:52,390 --> 01:28:52,400 speech the denunciation of this policy 01:28:52,400 --> 01:28:54,870 speech the denunciation of this policy of farm burning and the neglect in the 01:28:54,870 --> 01:28:54,880 of farm burning and the neglect in the 01:28:54,880 --> 01:28:56,990 of farm burning and the neglect in the camps I mean he called this methods of 01:28:56,990 --> 01:28:57,000 camps I mean he called this methods of 01:28:57,000 --> 01:28:59,790 camps I mean he called this methods of barbarism when is war not a war when 01:28:59,790 --> 01:28:59,800 barbarism when is war not a war when 01:28:59,800 --> 01:29:02,310 barbarism when is war not a war when it's conducted by methods of barbarism 01:29:02,310 --> 01:29:02,320 it's conducted by methods of barbarism 01:29:02,320 --> 01:29:03,750 it's conducted by methods of barbarism questions were asked in the House of 01:29:03,750 --> 01:29:03,760 questions were asked in the House of 01:29:03,760 --> 01:29:07,350 questions were asked in the House of Commons there were debates and demands 01:29:07,350 --> 01:29:07,360 Commons there were debates and demands 01:29:07,360 --> 01:29:10,350 Commons there were debates and demands for an investigative ladies commission 01:29:10,350 --> 01:29:10,360 for an investigative ladies commission 01:29:10,360 --> 01:29:13,510 for an investigative ladies commission or committee to be set up to go and see 01:29:13,510 --> 01:29:13,520 or committee to be set up to go and see 01:29:13,520 --> 01:29:15,189 or committee to be set up to go and see exactly what was happening in these 01:29:15,189 --> 01:29:15,199 exactly what was happening in these 01:29:15,199 --> 01:29:17,109 exactly what was happening in these camps I think one of the reasons there 01:29:17,109 --> 01:29:17,119 camps I think one of the reasons there 01:29:17,119 --> 01:29:21,470 camps I think one of the reasons there was so much Pro sentiment in London was 01:29:21,470 --> 01:29:21,480 was so much Pro sentiment in London was 01:29:21,480 --> 01:29:23,430 was so much Pro sentiment in London was because the British people in Emily 01:29:23,430 --> 01:29:23,440 because the British people in Emily 01:29:23,440 --> 01:29:28,149 because the British people in Emily hobal said it very well she said I'm not 01:29:28,149 --> 01:29:28,159 hobal said it very well she said I'm not 01:29:28,159 --> 01:29:32,709 hobal said it very well she said I'm not to Milner I'm not pro I'm 01:29:32,709 --> 01:29:32,719 to Milner I'm not pro I'm 01:29:32,719 --> 01:29:36,310 to Milner I'm not pro I'm British this isn't our 01:29:36,310 --> 01:29:36,320 British this isn't our 01:29:36,320 --> 01:29:39,470 British this isn't our way so something went very wrong in 01:29:39,470 --> 01:29:39,480 way so something went very wrong in 01:29:39,480 --> 01:29:42,510 way so something went very wrong in South Africa ment foret and her 01:29:42,510 --> 01:29:42,520 South Africa ment foret and her 01:29:42,520 --> 01:29:44,109 South Africa ment foret and her Committee of ladies who visited many of 01:29:44,109 --> 01:29:44,119 Committee of ladies who visited many of 01:29:44,119 --> 01:29:46,750 Committee of ladies who visited many of these camps gave a famous report which 01:29:46,750 --> 01:29:46,760 these camps gave a famous report which 01:29:46,760 --> 01:29:50,030 these camps gave a famous report which led to the rapid Improvement of 01:29:50,030 --> 01:29:50,040 led to the rapid Improvement of 01:29:50,040 --> 01:29:52,990 led to the rapid Improvement of conditions and the eventual transfer of 01:29:52,990 --> 01:29:53,000 conditions and the eventual transfer of 01:29:53,000 --> 01:29:54,750 conditions and the eventual transfer of the administration of these camps into 01:29:54,750 --> 01:29:54,760 the administration of these camps into 01:29:54,760 --> 01:29:57,750 the administration of these camps into civilian control and in due course uh 01:29:57,750 --> 01:29:57,760 civilian control and in due course uh 01:29:57,760 --> 01:30:00,310 civilian control and in due course uh the death rate came right down showing 01:30:00,310 --> 01:30:00,320 the death rate came right down showing 01:30:00,320 --> 01:30:02,430 the death rate came right down showing that the those deaths need not have 01:30:02,430 --> 01:30:02,440 that the those deaths need not have 01:30:02,440 --> 01:30:06,830 that the those deaths need not have happened at all had the British 01:30:06,830 --> 01:30:06,840 happened at all had the British 01:30:06,840 --> 01:30:09,629 happened at all had the British government recognized and done what em 01:30:09,629 --> 01:30:09,639 government recognized and done what em 01:30:09,639 --> 01:30:13,590 government recognized and done what em hob house had suggested they do a year 01:30:13,590 --> 01:30:13,600 hob house had suggested they do a year 01:30:13,600 --> 01:30:16,229 hob house had suggested they do a year earlier a lot of lives would have been 01:30:16,229 --> 01:30:16,239 earlier a lot of lives would have been 01:30:16,239 --> 01:30:18,390 earlier a lot of lives would have been saved there was a a time lag of about 01:30:18,390 --> 01:30:18,400 saved there was a a time lag of about 01:30:18,400 --> 01:30:20,910 saved there was a a time lag of about anything from 3 to 5 months before 01:30:20,910 --> 01:30:20,920 anything from 3 to 5 months before 01:30:20,920 --> 01:30:23,430 anything from 3 to 5 months before things became effective but when things 01:30:23,430 --> 01:30:23,440 things became effective but when things 01:30:23,440 --> 01:30:25,510 things became effective but when things became effective the Russians increased 01:30:25,510 --> 01:30:25,520 became effective the Russians increased 01:30:25,520 --> 01:30:28,229 became effective the Russians increased but only right at the end near 192 that 01:30:28,229 --> 01:30:28,239 but only right at the end near 192 that 01:30:28,239 --> 01:30:29,830 but only right at the end near 192 that they actually receive fruit and 01:30:29,830 --> 01:30:29,840 they actually receive fruit and 01:30:29,840 --> 01:30:33,390 they actually receive fruit and vegetables when on the 31st of May 192 01:30:33,390 --> 01:30:33,400 vegetables when on the 31st of May 192 01:30:33,400 --> 01:30:36,709 vegetables when on the 31st of May 192 the bua delegates at F decided by 54 01:30:36,709 --> 01:30:36,719 the bua delegates at F decided by 54 01:30:36,719 --> 01:30:39,430 the bua delegates at F decided by 54 votes to six to accept the peace 01:30:39,430 --> 01:30:39,440 votes to six to accept the peace 01:30:39,440 --> 01:30:42,470 votes to six to accept the peace proposals or the terms of surrender of 01:30:42,470 --> 01:30:42,480 proposals or the terms of surrender of 01:30:42,480 --> 01:30:44,750 proposals or the terms of surrender of the British one of the reasons that were 01:30:44,750 --> 01:30:44,760 the British one of the reasons that were 01:30:44,760 --> 01:30:47,109 the British one of the reasons that were cited why they decided to accept it was 01:30:47,109 --> 01:30:47,119 cited why they decided to accept it was 01:30:47,119 --> 01:30:48,830 cited why they decided to accept it was that they were scared that the Afric FK 01:30:48,830 --> 01:30:48,840 that they were scared that the Afric FK 01:30:48,840 --> 01:30:51,310 that they were scared that the Afric FK the Africana people would in fact die 01:30:51,310 --> 01:30:51,320 the Africana people would in fact die 01:30:51,320 --> 01:30:57,100 the Africana people would in fact die out in the concentration camps 01:30:57,100 --> 01:30:57,110 01:30:57,110 --> 01:31:02,310 [Music] 01:31:02,310 --> 01:31:02,320 01:31:02,320 --> 01:31:05,629 the scotched Earth policy meant that the 01:31:05,629 --> 01:31:05,639 the scotched Earth policy meant that the 01:31:05,639 --> 01:31:08,430 the scotched Earth policy meant that the state of South Africa after this war was 01:31:08,430 --> 01:31:08,440 state of South Africa after this war was 01:31:08,440 --> 01:31:11,709 state of South Africa after this war was far more devastated and took far longer 01:31:11,709 --> 01:31:11,719 far more devastated and took far longer 01:31:11,719 --> 01:31:14,830 far more devastated and took far longer to recover economically than anybody had 01:31:14,830 --> 01:31:14,840 to recover economically than anybody had 01:31:14,840 --> 01:31:18,390 to recover economically than anybody had expected a huge Devastation of the land 01:31:18,390 --> 01:31:18,400 expected a huge Devastation of the land 01:31:18,400 --> 01:31:21,590 expected a huge Devastation of the land 30,000 or so B Farms burnt and destroyed 01:31:21,590 --> 01:31:21,600 30,000 or so B Farms burnt and destroyed 01:31:21,600 --> 01:31:25,510 30,000 or so B Farms burnt and destroyed and huge destruction of Liv stock and an 01:31:25,510 --> 01:31:25,520 and huge destruction of Liv stock and an 01:31:25,520 --> 01:31:29,550 and huge destruction of Liv stock and an enormous problem of resettling 30,000 01:31:29,550 --> 01:31:29,560 enormous problem of resettling 30,000 01:31:29,560 --> 01:31:32,790 enormous problem of resettling 30,000 Farm STS were burned to the 01:31:32,790 --> 01:31:32,800 Farm STS were burned to the 01:31:32,800 --> 01:31:35,830 Farm STS were burned to the ground each each of those Farm stads a 01:31:35,830 --> 01:31:35,840 ground each each of those Farm stads a 01:31:35,840 --> 01:31:38,310 ground each each of those Farm stads a family Bible was lost containing the 01:31:38,310 --> 01:31:38,320 family Bible was lost containing the 01:31:38,320 --> 01:31:40,830 family Bible was lost containing the family tree you know the africanas were 01:31:40,830 --> 01:31:40,840 family tree you know the africanas were 01:31:40,840 --> 01:31:42,390 family tree you know the africanas were very very particular about family trees 01:31:42,390 --> 01:31:42,400 very very particular about family trees 01:31:42,400 --> 01:31:45,229 very very particular about family trees in those days they lost photographs they 01:31:45,229 --> 01:31:45,239 in those days they lost photographs they 01:31:45,239 --> 01:31:48,910 in those days they lost photographs they lost heirlooms they lost artifacts which 01:31:48,910 --> 01:31:48,920 lost heirlooms they lost artifacts which 01:31:48,920 --> 01:31:50,430 lost heirlooms they lost artifacts which had been passed from generation to 01:31:50,430 --> 01:31:50,440 had been passed from generation to 01:31:50,440 --> 01:31:52,830 had been passed from generation to generation over a period of say 200 01:31:52,830 --> 01:31:52,840 generation over a period of say 200 01:31:52,840 --> 01:31:56,149 generation over a period of say 200 years has all been lost now you can be 01:31:56,149 --> 01:31:56,159 years has all been lost now you can be 01:31:56,159 --> 01:31:57,790 years has all been lost now you can be cynical and you can also be practical 01:31:57,790 --> 01:31:57,800 cynical and you can also be practical 01:31:57,800 --> 01:31:59,709 cynical and you can also be practical and you can say but you can replace the 01:31:59,709 --> 01:31:59,719 and you can say but you can replace the 01:31:59,719 --> 01:32:02,510 and you can say but you can replace the people lost in the Ang World War but you 01:32:02,510 --> 01:32:02,520 people lost in the Ang World War but you 01:32:02,520 --> 01:32:05,270 people lost in the Ang World War but you cannot replace the Heritage which the 01:32:05,270 --> 01:32:05,280 cannot replace the Heritage which the 01:32:05,280 --> 01:32:06,550 cannot replace the Heritage which the africanas 01:32:06,550 --> 01:32:06,560 africanas 01:32:06,560 --> 01:32:10,629 africanas lost the concentration camps and more 01:32:10,629 --> 01:32:10,639 lost the concentration camps and more 01:32:10,639 --> 01:32:12,669 lost the concentration camps and more particular also the broader British 01:32:12,669 --> 01:32:12,679 particular also the broader British 01:32:12,679 --> 01:32:15,109 particular also the broader British scorched Earth policy left a terrible 01:32:15,109 --> 01:32:15,119 scorched Earth policy left a terrible 01:32:15,119 --> 01:32:17,870 scorched Earth policy left a terrible Legacy of bitterness and of hatred in 01:32:17,870 --> 01:32:17,880 Legacy of bitterness and of hatred in 01:32:17,880 --> 01:32:21,629 Legacy of bitterness and of hatred in southern Africa hatred from the side of 01:32:21,629 --> 01:32:21,639 southern Africa hatred from the side of 01:32:21,639 --> 01:32:23,390 southern Africa hatred from the side of many African speaking people at the 01:32:23,390 --> 01:32:23,400 many African speaking people at the 01:32:23,400 --> 01:32:25,510 many African speaking people at the beginning of of the 20th century against 01:32:25,510 --> 01:32:25,520 beginning of of the 20th century against 01:32:25,520 --> 01:32:27,669 beginning of of the 20th century against everything that was English my own 01:32:27,669 --> 01:32:27,679 everything that was English my own 01:32:27,679 --> 01:32:31,030 everything that was English my own mother I remember very well how she 01:32:31,030 --> 01:32:31,040 mother I remember very well how she 01:32:31,040 --> 01:32:34,709 mother I remember very well how she constantly referred to your Anglo War 01:32:34,709 --> 01:32:34,719 constantly referred to your Anglo War 01:32:34,719 --> 01:32:37,270 constantly referred to your Anglo War your concentration camps and what was 01:32:37,270 --> 01:32:37,280 your concentration camps and what was 01:32:37,280 --> 01:32:40,870 your concentration camps and what was done and the feeling of you know pain 01:32:40,870 --> 01:32:40,880 done and the feeling of you know pain 01:32:40,880 --> 01:32:43,830 done and the feeling of you know pain and suffering which is there runs very 01:32:43,830 --> 01:32:43,840 and suffering which is there runs very 01:32:43,840 --> 01:32:46,629 and suffering which is there runs very very deep I do think that the white 01:32:46,629 --> 01:32:46,639 very deep I do think that the white 01:32:46,639 --> 01:32:49,669 very deep I do think that the white concentration camps uh are the most 01:32:49,669 --> 01:32:49,679 concentration camps uh are the most 01:32:49,679 --> 01:32:51,790 concentration camps uh are the most indelible event in the history of the 01:32:51,790 --> 01:32:51,800 indelible event in the history of the 01:32:51,800 --> 01:32:55,470 indelible event in the history of the afri Conor even today and the wounds 01:32:55,470 --> 01:32:55,480 afri Conor even today and the wounds 01:32:55,480 --> 01:33:00,109 afri Conor even today and the wounds caused by that and the feeling of 01:33:00,109 --> 01:33:00,119 caused by that and the feeling of 01:33:00,119 --> 01:33:05,590 caused by that and the feeling of Injustice I think had a traumatic 01:33:05,590 --> 01:33:05,600 Injustice I think had a traumatic 01:33:05,600 --> 01:33:09,229 Injustice I think had a traumatic effect which carried through through 01:33:09,229 --> 01:33:09,239 effect which carried through through 01:33:09,239 --> 01:33:11,750 effect which carried through through also the Next Generation I asked myself 01:33:11,750 --> 01:33:11,760 also the Next Generation I asked myself 01:33:11,760 --> 01:33:13,189 also the Next Generation I asked myself the question what would have been the 01:33:13,189 --> 01:33:13,199 the question what would have been the 01:33:13,199 --> 01:33:16,470 the question what would have been the case if we had something like a Truth 01:33:16,470 --> 01:33:16,480 case if we had something like a Truth 01:33:16,480 --> 01:33:19,430 case if we had something like a Truth and Reconciliation Commission 01:33:19,430 --> 01:33:19,440 and Reconciliation Commission 01:33:19,440 --> 01:33:22,750 and Reconciliation Commission after the bu war in 01:33:22,750 --> 01:33:22,760 after the bu war in 01:33:22,760 --> 01:33:25,030 after the bu war in 1902 because I think that could serve 01:33:25,030 --> 01:33:25,040 1902 because I think that could serve 01:33:25,040 --> 01:33:27,149 1902 because I think that could serve the purpose or could have served the 01:33:27,149 --> 01:33:27,159 the purpose or could have served the 01:33:27,159 --> 01:33:30,189 the purpose or could have served the purpose to ensure that the ongoing 01:33:30,189 --> 01:33:30,199 purpose to ensure that the ongoing 01:33:30,199 --> 01:33:32,950 purpose to ensure that the ongoing hatred and need for the feeling of 01:33:32,950 --> 01:33:32,960 hatred and need for the feeling of 01:33:32,960 --> 01:33:35,229 hatred and need for the feeling of Revenge that existed in the minds of The 01:33:35,229 --> 01:33:35,239 Revenge that existed in the minds of The 01:33:35,239 --> 01:33:39,189 Revenge that existed in the minds of The Bu people after the war could have been 01:33:39,189 --> 01:33:39,199 Bu people after the war could have been 01:33:39,199 --> 01:33:41,590 Bu people after the war could have been addressed through such a commission who 01:33:41,590 --> 01:33:41,600 addressed through such a commission who 01:33:41,600 --> 01:33:42,830 addressed through such a commission who is to be 01:33:42,830 --> 01:33:42,840 is to be 01:33:42,840 --> 01:33:44,390 is to be blamed 01:33:44,390 --> 01:33:44,400 blamed 01:33:44,400 --> 01:33:48,189 blamed now I am inclined to blame the bu 01:33:48,189 --> 01:33:48,199 now I am inclined to blame the bu 01:33:48,199 --> 01:33:50,109 now I am inclined to blame the bu generals on one 01:33:50,109 --> 01:33:50,119 generals on one 01:33:50,119 --> 01:33:53,270 generals on one side I think it was irrational for them 01:33:53,270 --> 01:33:53,280 side I think it was irrational for them 01:33:53,280 --> 01:33:58,109 side I think it was irrational for them to continue with the war given this the 01:33:58,109 --> 01:33:58,119 to continue with the war given this the 01:33:58,119 --> 01:33:59,750 to continue with the war given this the conditions in which the women and 01:33:59,750 --> 01:33:59,760 conditions in which the women and 01:33:59,760 --> 01:34:02,750 conditions in which the women and children were living and the large 01:34:02,750 --> 01:34:02,760 children were living and the large 01:34:02,760 --> 01:34:06,629 children were living and the large numbers that died Etc every boa male 01:34:06,629 --> 01:34:06,639 numbers that died Etc every boa male 01:34:06,639 --> 01:34:09,790 numbers that died Etc every boa male Commando who survived that war and lost 01:34:09,790 --> 01:34:09,800 Commando who survived that war and lost 01:34:09,800 --> 01:34:12,629 Commando who survived that war and lost a wife or children during it had to live 01:34:12,629 --> 01:34:12,639 a wife or children during it had to live 01:34:12,639 --> 01:34:15,550 a wife or children during it had to live with this terrible uh reflection that he 01:34:15,550 --> 01:34:15,560 with this terrible uh reflection that he 01:34:15,560 --> 01:34:18,430 with this terrible uh reflection that he had been unable to defend the women and 01:34:18,430 --> 01:34:18,440 had been unable to defend the women and 01:34:18,440 --> 01:34:20,950 had been unable to defend the women and children and had exported to his enemy 01:34:20,950 --> 01:34:20,960 children and had exported to his enemy 01:34:20,960 --> 01:34:23,189 children and had exported to his enemy the job of actually doing that while the 01:34:23,189 --> 01:34:23,199 the job of actually doing that while the 01:34:23,199 --> 01:34:26,149 the job of actually doing that while the war continued now how was it possible 01:34:26,149 --> 01:34:26,159 war continued now how was it possible 01:34:26,159 --> 01:34:28,950 war continued now how was it possible that they could be so irrational now 01:34:28,950 --> 01:34:28,960 that they could be so irrational now 01:34:28,960 --> 01:34:29,669 that they could be so irrational now they 01:34:29,669 --> 01:34:29,679 they 01:34:29,679 --> 01:34:34,430 they were simple religious people there was 01:34:34,430 --> 01:34:34,440 were simple religious people there was 01:34:34,440 --> 01:34:39,189 were simple religious people there was an absolute belief that God will give 01:34:39,189 --> 01:34:39,199 an absolute belief that God will give 01:34:39,199 --> 01:34:43,229 an absolute belief that God will give them the victory over this British 01:34:43,229 --> 01:34:43,239 them the victory over this British 01:34:43,239 --> 01:34:46,030 them the victory over this British people that they regard as people from 01:34:46,030 --> 01:34:46,040 people that they regard as people from 01:34:46,040 --> 01:34:48,950 people that they regard as people from the devil we must remember that the B 01:34:48,950 --> 01:34:48,960 the devil we must remember that the B 01:34:48,960 --> 01:34:51,910 the devil we must remember that the B generals went the policy 01:34:51,910 --> 01:34:51,920 generals went the policy 01:34:51,920 --> 01:34:55,270 generals went the policy makers both the Republic had governments 01:34:55,270 --> 01:34:55,280 makers both the Republic had governments 01:34:55,280 --> 01:34:57,629 makers both the Republic had governments in the field certainly they were very 01:34:57,629 --> 01:34:57,639 in the field certainly they were very 01:34:57,639 --> 01:35:00,350 in the field certainly they were very much influenced by the generals what 01:35:00,350 --> 01:35:00,360 much influenced by the generals what 01:35:00,360 --> 01:35:02,629 much influenced by the generals what made them carry 01:35:02,629 --> 01:35:02,639 made them carry 01:35:02,639 --> 01:35:07,030 made them carry on wasn't just to extend the war but 01:35:07,030 --> 01:35:07,040 on wasn't just to extend the war but 01:35:07,040 --> 01:35:09,669 on wasn't just to extend the war but they were fighting for a 01:35:09,669 --> 01:35:09,679 they were fighting for a 01:35:09,679 --> 01:35:12,229 they were fighting for a principle who were fighting against 01:35:12,229 --> 01:35:12,239 principle who were fighting against 01:35:12,239 --> 01:35:13,629 principle who were fighting against unjustice 01:35:13,629 --> 01:35:13,639 unjustice 01:35:13,639 --> 01:35:16,590 unjustice taking away their 01:35:16,590 --> 01:35:16,600 taking away their 01:35:16,600 --> 01:35:19,550 taking away their independence what they were trying to do 01:35:19,550 --> 01:35:19,560 independence what they were trying to do 01:35:19,560 --> 01:35:22,709 independence what they were trying to do and especially president stain was to 01:35:22,709 --> 01:35:22,719 and especially president stain was to 01:35:22,719 --> 01:35:24,709 and especially president stain was to continue this war for as long as 01:35:24,709 --> 01:35:24,719 continue this war for as long as 01:35:24,719 --> 01:35:28,470 continue this war for as long as possible to force Britain to come to 01:35:28,470 --> 01:35:28,480 possible to force Britain to come to 01:35:28,480 --> 01:35:32,510 possible to force Britain to come to terms if the burs had surrendered at the 01:35:32,510 --> 01:35:32,520 terms if the burs had surrendered at the 01:35:32,520 --> 01:35:35,149 terms if the burs had surrendered at the uh time of the fall of the capitals and 01:35:35,149 --> 01:35:35,159 uh time of the fall of the capitals and 01:35:35,159 --> 01:35:38,430 uh time of the fall of the capitals and had not taken the Guerilla war on you 01:35:38,430 --> 01:35:38,440 had not taken the Guerilla war on you 01:35:38,440 --> 01:35:41,270 had not taken the Guerilla war on you wouldn't have had the um the terrible 01:35:41,270 --> 01:35:41,280 wouldn't have had the um the terrible 01:35:41,280 --> 01:35:43,830 wouldn't have had the um the terrible loss of life and loss of civilian life 01:35:43,830 --> 01:35:43,840 loss of life and loss of civilian life 01:35:43,840 --> 01:35:47,189 loss of life and loss of civilian life and you would have had a much more um 01:35:47,189 --> 01:35:47,199 and you would have had a much more um 01:35:47,199 --> 01:35:50,709 and you would have had a much more um honorable end to what was to turn into a 01:35:50,709 --> 01:35:50,719 honorable end to what was to turn into a 01:35:50,719 --> 01:35:53,470 honorable end to what was to turn into a a pretty dishonorable conflict 01:35:53,470 --> 01:35:53,480 a pretty dishonorable conflict 01:35:53,480 --> 01:35:56,629 a pretty dishonorable conflict [Music] 01:35:56,629 --> 01:35:56,639 01:35:56,639 --> 01:36:00,149 but on the other hand I think Britain 01:36:00,149 --> 01:36:00,159 but on the other hand I think Britain 01:36:00,159 --> 01:36:03,550 but on the other hand I think Britain must take a large part 01:36:03,550 --> 01:36:03,560 must take a large part 01:36:03,560 --> 01:36:09,189 must take a large part of uh the blame for this extraordinary 01:36:09,189 --> 01:36:09,199 of uh the blame for this extraordinary 01:36:09,199 --> 01:36:13,709 of uh the blame for this extraordinary destructive War the blame for the 01:36:13,709 --> 01:36:13,719 destructive War the blame for the 01:36:13,719 --> 01:36:16,830 destructive War the blame for the excesses of the Concentration Camp 01:36:16,830 --> 01:36:16,840 excesses of the Concentration Camp 01:36:16,840 --> 01:36:19,669 excesses of the Concentration Camp policy tend to be heaped on 01:36:19,669 --> 01:36:19,679 policy tend to be heaped on 01:36:19,679 --> 01:36:22,709 policy tend to be heaped on kiter because he took over from Lord 01:36:22,709 --> 01:36:22,719 kiter because he took over from Lord 01:36:22,719 --> 01:36:26,310 kiter because he took over from Lord Roberts at the end of 1900 and the worst 01:36:26,310 --> 01:36:26,320 Roberts at the end of 1900 and the worst 01:36:26,320 --> 01:36:28,310 Roberts at the end of 1900 and the worst death rates and the highest 01:36:28,310 --> 01:36:28,320 death rates and the highest 01:36:28,320 --> 01:36:30,390 death rates and the highest concentrations of Boer and black 01:36:30,390 --> 01:36:30,400 concentrations of Boer and black 01:36:30,400 --> 01:36:34,109 concentrations of Boer and black civilians in camps occurred during 1901 01:36:34,109 --> 01:36:34,119 civilians in camps occurred during 1901 01:36:34,119 --> 01:36:36,030 civilians in camps occurred during 1901 to two kitner didn't make policy 01:36:36,030 --> 01:36:36,040 to two kitner didn't make policy 01:36:36,040 --> 01:36:38,750 to two kitner didn't make policy entirely on his own there was a um a 01:36:38,750 --> 01:36:38,760 entirely on his own there was a um a 01:36:38,760 --> 01:36:40,870 entirely on his own there was a um a secretary of state back in London there 01:36:40,870 --> 01:36:40,880 secretary of state back in London there 01:36:40,880 --> 01:36:42,550 secretary of state back in London there was Milner the High Commissioner there 01:36:42,550 --> 01:36:42,560 was Milner the High Commissioner there 01:36:42,560 --> 01:36:45,470 was Milner the High Commissioner there was the Prime Minister it was a uh a 01:36:45,470 --> 01:36:45,480 was the Prime Minister it was a uh a 01:36:45,480 --> 01:36:47,590 was the Prime Minister it was a uh a policy that was made by an awful lot 01:36:47,590 --> 01:36:47,600 policy that was made by an awful lot 01:36:47,600 --> 01:36:50,430 policy that was made by an awful lot more people than just Lord kitner the 01:36:50,430 --> 01:36:50,440 more people than just Lord kitner the 01:36:50,440 --> 01:36:53,990 more people than just Lord kitner the camps were very much uh a sideline it's 01:36:53,990 --> 01:36:54,000 camps were very much uh a sideline it's 01:36:54,000 --> 01:36:57,390 camps were very much uh a sideline it's even doubtful how fully aware he 01:36:57,390 --> 01:36:57,400 even doubtful how fully aware he 01:36:57,400 --> 01:36:59,830 even doubtful how fully aware he personally was of the sheer scale of 01:36:59,830 --> 01:36:59,840 personally was of the sheer scale of 01:36:59,840 --> 01:37:02,189 personally was of the sheer scale of what was happening in these camps kiter 01:37:02,189 --> 01:37:02,199 what was happening in these camps kiter 01:37:02,199 --> 01:37:04,870 what was happening in these camps kiter claimed all along he didn't have enough 01:37:04,870 --> 01:37:04,880 claimed all along he didn't have enough 01:37:04,880 --> 01:37:09,510 claimed all along he didn't have enough Railway space to send more food and 01:37:09,510 --> 01:37:09,520 Railway space to send more food and 01:37:09,520 --> 01:37:13,310 Railway space to send more food and Tents but my research has shown that 01:37:13,310 --> 01:37:13,320 Tents but my research has shown that 01:37:13,320 --> 01:37:15,390 Tents but my research has shown that when they moved the black concentration 01:37:15,390 --> 01:37:15,400 when they moved the black concentration 01:37:15,400 --> 01:37:17,990 when they moved the black concentration camps away from the white camps to the 01:37:17,990 --> 01:37:18,000 camps away from the white camps to the 01:37:18,000 --> 01:37:19,990 camps away from the white camps to the Farms to grow food where they were 01:37:19,990 --> 01:37:20,000 Farms to grow food where they were 01:37:20,000 --> 01:37:21,550 Farms to grow food where they were compelled to grow 01:37:21,550 --> 01:37:21,560 compelled to grow 01:37:21,560 --> 01:37:23,910 compelled to grow food they were able to come up up with 01:37:23,910 --> 01:37:23,920 food they were able to come up up with 01:37:23,920 --> 01:37:27,590 food they were able to come up up with 600 Railway cars in 2 months but the 01:37:27,590 --> 01:37:27,600 600 Railway cars in 2 months but the 01:37:27,600 --> 01:37:30,189 600 Railway cars in 2 months but the most they could give the camps the white 01:37:30,189 --> 01:37:30,199 most they could give the camps the white 01:37:30,199 --> 01:37:34,990 most they could give the camps the white camps was 35 to 45 cars a month so there 01:37:34,990 --> 01:37:35,000 camps was 35 to 45 cars a month so there 01:37:35,000 --> 01:37:38,950 camps was 35 to 45 cars a month so there was a deliberate act on the part of Lord 01:37:38,950 --> 01:37:38,960 was a deliberate act on the part of Lord 01:37:38,960 --> 01:37:41,950 was a deliberate act on the part of Lord kiter not to provide what could have 01:37:41,950 --> 01:37:41,960 kiter not to provide what could have 01:37:41,960 --> 01:37:44,629 kiter not to provide what could have been provided for the camps I know 01:37:44,629 --> 01:37:44,639 been provided for the camps I know 01:37:44,639 --> 01:37:46,709 been provided for the camps I know that's a serious charge what should 01:37:46,709 --> 01:37:46,719 that's a serious charge what should 01:37:46,719 --> 01:37:48,589 that's a serious charge what should happen is Kitchener should have been put 01:37:48,589 --> 01:37:48,599 happen is Kitchener should have been put 01:37:48,599 --> 01:37:52,149 happen is Kitchener should have been put on trial as a for war crimes um there's 01:37:52,149 --> 01:37:52,159 on trial as a for war crimes um there's 01:37:52,159 --> 01:37:54,510 on trial as a for war crimes um there's no two ways about it manslaughter on a 01:37:54,510 --> 01:37:54,520 no two ways about it manslaughter on a 01:37:54,520 --> 01:37:58,470 no two ways about it manslaughter on a massive scale against the most 01:37:58,470 --> 01:37:58,480 massive scale against the most 01:37:58,480 --> 01:38:01,149 massive scale against the most vulnerable of our republics the 01:38:01,149 --> 01:38:01,159 vulnerable of our republics the 01:38:01,159 --> 01:38:02,629 vulnerable of our republics the population of republics the women and 01:38:02,629 --> 01:38:02,639 population of republics the women and 01:38:02,639 --> 01:38:06,790 population of republics the women and children if the Anglo bu War took place 01:38:06,790 --> 01:38:06,800 children if the Anglo bu War took place 01:38:06,800 --> 01:38:10,709 children if the Anglo bu War took place today and the same scenario was playing 01:38:10,709 --> 01:38:10,719 today and the same scenario was playing 01:38:10,719 --> 01:38:13,870 today and the same scenario was playing itself out in South Africa believe you 01:38:13,870 --> 01:38:13,880 itself out in South Africa believe you 01:38:13,880 --> 01:38:16,790 itself out in South Africa believe you me Britain would be charged with crimes 01:38:16,790 --> 01:38:16,800 me Britain would be charged with crimes 01:38:16,800 --> 01:38:19,669 me Britain would be charged with crimes against humanity no question about it as 01:38:19,669 --> 01:38:19,679 against humanity no question about it as 01:38:19,679 --> 01:38:23,030 against humanity no question about it as a war crime it should have been punished 01:38:23,030 --> 01:38:23,040 a war crime it should have been punished 01:38:23,040 --> 01:38:25,950 a war crime it should have been punished and not only that as a war crime we 01:38:25,950 --> 01:38:25,960 and not only that as a war crime we 01:38:25,960 --> 01:38:27,189 and not only that as a war crime we should get an 01:38:27,189 --> 01:38:27,199 should get an 01:38:27,199 --> 01:38:31,470 should get an apology um I don't think that would be 01:38:31,470 --> 01:38:31,480 apology um I don't think that would be 01:38:31,480 --> 01:38:33,149 apology um I don't think that would be ever forth ever be forthcoming Her 01:38:33,149 --> 01:38:33,159 ever forth ever be forthcoming Her 01:38:33,159 --> 01:38:35,830 ever forth ever be forthcoming Her Majesty who was here 3 years ago four 01:38:35,830 --> 01:38:35,840 Majesty who was here 3 years ago four 01:38:35,840 --> 01:38:37,149 Majesty who was here 3 years ago four years 01:38:37,149 --> 01:38:37,159 years 01:38:37,159 --> 01:38:41,030 years ago spoke at a dinner in Petoria of 01:38:41,030 --> 01:38:41,040 ago spoke at a dinner in Petoria of 01:38:41,040 --> 01:38:43,390 ago spoke at a dinner in Petoria of detention 01:38:43,390 --> 01:38:43,400 detention 01:38:43,400 --> 01:38:48,669 detention camps uh she spoke of um a new 01:38:48,669 --> 01:38:48,679 camps uh she spoke of um a new 01:38:48,679 --> 01:38:51,390 camps uh she spoke of um a new willingness uh towards 01:38:51,390 --> 01:38:51,400 willingness uh towards 01:38:51,400 --> 01:38:53,950 willingness uh towards reconciliation for detention camp the 01:38:53,950 --> 01:38:53,960 reconciliation for detention camp the 01:38:53,960 --> 01:38:56,310 reconciliation for detention camp the British somehow perceive themselves as 01:38:56,310 --> 01:38:56,320 British somehow perceive themselves as 01:38:56,320 --> 01:38:58,430 British somehow perceive themselves as still a power to Recon in world affairs 01:38:58,430 --> 01:38:58,440 still a power to Recon in world affairs 01:38:58,440 --> 01:39:00,830 still a power to Recon in world affairs and it is not in their history to come 01:39:00,830 --> 01:39:00,840 and it is not in their history to come 01:39:00,840 --> 01:39:03,270 and it is not in their history to come and apologize to any situation there 01:39:03,270 --> 01:39:03,280 and apologize to any situation there 01:39:03,280 --> 01:39:04,709 and apologize to any situation there whether they' have been part of that or 01:39:04,709 --> 01:39:04,719 whether they' have been part of that or 01:39:04,719 --> 01:39:06,189 whether they' have been part of that or they've been indirectly involved they 01:39:06,189 --> 01:39:06,199 they've been indirectly involved they 01:39:06,199 --> 01:39:07,910 they've been indirectly involved they have never apologized in any situation 01:39:07,910 --> 01:39:07,920 have never apologized in any situation 01:39:07,920 --> 01:39:10,270 have never apologized in any situation of course they have to apologize what 01:39:10,270 --> 01:39:10,280 of course they have to apologize what 01:39:10,280 --> 01:39:12,430 of course they have to apologize what the British had done in South Africa was 01:39:12,430 --> 01:39:12,440 the British had done in South Africa was 01:39:12,440 --> 01:39:14,790 the British had done in South Africa was immoral the kind of war that they fought 01:39:14,790 --> 01:39:14,800 immoral the kind of war that they fought 01:39:14,800 --> 01:39:17,830 immoral the kind of war that they fought was an immoral War they had created 01:39:17,830 --> 01:39:17,840 was an immoral War they had created 01:39:17,840 --> 01:39:21,189 was an immoral War they had created tremendous damage in this country damage 01:39:21,189 --> 01:39:21,199 tremendous damage in this country damage 01:39:21,199 --> 01:39:23,589 tremendous damage in this country damage which had its historical effect or 01:39:23,589 --> 01:39:23,599 which had its historical effect or 01:39:23,599 --> 01:39:25,510 which had its historical effect or decades afterwards also in terms of the 01:39:25,510 --> 01:39:25,520 decades afterwards also in terms of the 01:39:25,520 --> 01:39:27,669 decades afterwards also in terms of the relations between the various population 01:39:27,669 --> 01:39:27,679 relations between the various population 01:39:27,679 --> 01:39:28,950 relations between the various population groups in this 01:39:28,950 --> 01:39:28,960 groups in this 01:39:28,960 --> 01:39:32,709 groups in this country it was very pleasing the royal 01:39:32,709 --> 01:39:32,719 country it was very pleasing the royal 01:39:32,719 --> 01:39:34,550 country it was very pleasing the royal family to say at 01:39:34,550 --> 01:39:34,560 family to say at 01:39:34,560 --> 01:39:36,709 family to say at Bradford we are 01:39:36,709 --> 01:39:36,719 Bradford we are 01:39:36,719 --> 01:39:40,149 Bradford we are embarrassed and we are ashamed of what 01:39:40,149 --> 01:39:40,159 embarrassed and we are ashamed of what 01:39:40,159 --> 01:39:42,109 embarrassed and we are ashamed of what happened here they are ashamed but they 01:39:42,109 --> 01:39:42,119 happened here they are ashamed but they 01:39:42,119 --> 01:39:45,229 happened here they are ashamed but they can't apologize I think they want to but 01:39:45,229 --> 01:39:45,239 can't apologize I think they want to but 01:39:45,239 --> 01:39:49,030 can't apologize I think they want to but they can't because if they do apologize 01:39:49,030 --> 01:39:49,040 they can't because if they do apologize 01:39:49,040 --> 01:39:53,430 they can't because if they do apologize they are in the same boat as na Germany 01:39:53,430 --> 01:39:53,440 they are in the same boat as na Germany 01:39:53,440 --> 01:39:57,790 they are in the same boat as na Germany my feeling about uh apologizing for your 01:39:57,790 --> 01:39:57,800 my feeling about uh apologizing for your 01:39:57,800 --> 01:40:01,870 my feeling about uh apologizing for your ancestors mistakes is that perhaps we 01:40:01,870 --> 01:40:01,880 ancestors mistakes is that perhaps we 01:40:01,880 --> 01:40:04,430 ancestors mistakes is that perhaps we could all get a bit too Japanese and we 01:40:04,430 --> 01:40:04,440 could all get a bit too Japanese and we 01:40:04,440 --> 01:40:06,149 could all get a bit too Japanese and we would be apologizing for everything 01:40:06,149 --> 01:40:06,159 would be apologizing for everything 01:40:06,159 --> 01:40:08,430 would be apologizing for everything because I'm afraid like all people 01:40:08,430 --> 01:40:08,440 because I'm afraid like all people 01:40:08,440 --> 01:40:10,430 because I'm afraid like all people ancestors make a great number of 01:40:10,430 --> 01:40:10,440 ancestors make a great number of 01:40:10,440 --> 01:40:12,990 ancestors make a great number of mistakes where does it all stop I mean 01:40:12,990 --> 01:40:13,000 mistakes where does it all stop I mean 01:40:13,000 --> 01:40:14,790 mistakes where does it all stop I mean do we ask the French to apologize for 01:40:14,790 --> 01:40:14,800 do we ask the French to apologize for 01:40:14,800 --> 01:40:17,470 do we ask the French to apologize for that little unpleasantness in 1066 when 01:40:17,470 --> 01:40:17,480 that little unpleasantness in 1066 when 01:40:17,480 --> 01:40:19,510 that little unpleasantness in 1066 when King Harold got an arrow in his eye I 01:40:19,510 --> 01:40:19,520 King Harold got an arrow in his eye I 01:40:19,520 --> 01:40:21,030 King Harold got an arrow in his eye I think an apology would be utterly 01:40:21,030 --> 01:40:21,040 think an apology would be utterly 01:40:21,040 --> 01:40:23,629 think an apology would be utterly meaningless and this feeling that people 01:40:23,629 --> 01:40:23,639 meaningless and this feeling that people 01:40:23,639 --> 01:40:25,830 meaningless and this feeling that people have to apologize somebody I believe 01:40:25,830 --> 01:40:25,840 have to apologize somebody I believe 01:40:25,840 --> 01:40:27,950 have to apologize somebody I believe suggested Queen Elizabeth has to come 01:40:27,950 --> 01:40:27,960 suggested Queen Elizabeth has to come 01:40:27,960 --> 01:40:30,149 suggested Queen Elizabeth has to come here and apologize for what kitner and 01:40:30,149 --> 01:40:30,159 here and apologize for what kitner and 01:40:30,159 --> 01:40:32,550 here and apologize for what kitner and Milner and that lot did I think that's 01:40:32,550 --> 01:40:32,560 Milner and that lot did I think that's 01:40:32,560 --> 01:40:35,030 Milner and that lot did I think that's nonsense she wasn't there she wasn't 01:40:35,030 --> 01:40:35,040 nonsense she wasn't there she wasn't 01:40:35,040 --> 01:40:38,070 nonsense she wasn't there she wasn't responsible for it I'm personally very 01:40:38,070 --> 01:40:38,080 responsible for it I'm personally very 01:40:38,080 --> 01:40:40,109 responsible for it I'm personally very dubious about this habit now of 01:40:40,109 --> 01:40:40,119 dubious about this habit now of 01:40:40,119 --> 01:40:42,270 dubious about this habit now of apologizing for the sins of your fathers 01:40:42,270 --> 01:40:42,280 apologizing for the sins of your fathers 01:40:42,280 --> 01:40:43,950 apologizing for the sins of your fathers or grandfathers or maybe your 01:40:43,950 --> 01:40:43,960 or grandfathers or maybe your 01:40:43,960 --> 01:40:45,390 or grandfathers or maybe your great-grandfathers I think there's 01:40:45,390 --> 01:40:45,400 great-grandfathers I think there's 01:40:45,400 --> 01:40:48,229 great-grandfathers I think there's something slightly humbuggish about it I 01:40:48,229 --> 01:40:48,239 something slightly humbuggish about it I 01:40:48,239 --> 01:40:50,589 something slightly humbuggish about it I think that the normal way of doing that 01:40:50,589 --> 01:40:50,599 think that the normal way of doing that 01:40:50,599 --> 01:40:53,910 think that the normal way of doing that is if a prime minister visits a country 01:40:53,910 --> 01:40:53,920 is if a prime minister visits a country 01:40:53,920 --> 01:40:56,589 is if a prime minister visits a country or a foreign secretary visits a country 01:40:56,589 --> 01:40:56,599 or a foreign secretary visits a country 01:40:56,599 --> 01:40:58,709 or a foreign secretary visits a country you can indicate both in the way you 01:40:58,709 --> 01:40:58,719 you can indicate both in the way you 01:40:58,719 --> 01:41:00,830 you can indicate both in the way you talk to the people of that country that 01:41:00,830 --> 01:41:00,840 talk to the people of that country that 01:41:00,840 --> 01:41:02,669 talk to the people of that country that you're not proud of what was done in the 01:41:02,669 --> 01:41:02,679 you're not proud of what was done in the 01:41:02,679 --> 01:41:04,790 you're not proud of what was done in the past and sometimes it's appropriate to 01:41:04,790 --> 01:41:04,800 past and sometimes it's appropriate to 01:41:04,800 --> 01:41:07,870 past and sometimes it's appropriate to go and pay tribute at some Memorial or 01:41:07,870 --> 01:41:07,880 go and pay tribute at some Memorial or 01:41:07,880 --> 01:41:11,470 go and pay tribute at some Memorial or other but I do feel this great human 01:41:11,470 --> 01:41:11,480 other but I do feel this great human 01:41:11,480 --> 01:41:13,470 other but I do feel this great human tragedy of the 01:41:13,470 --> 01:41:13,480 tragedy of the 01:41:13,480 --> 01:41:16,550 tragedy of the camps black and white happened on such a 01:41:16,550 --> 01:41:16,560 camps black and white happened on such a 01:41:16,560 --> 01:41:19,189 camps black and white happened on such a vast scale and was so 01:41:19,189 --> 01:41:19,199 vast scale and was so 01:41:19,199 --> 01:41:21,270 vast scale and was so unnecessary 01:41:21,270 --> 01:41:21,280 unnecessary 01:41:21,280 --> 01:41:25,390 unnecessary uh that I personally would if anyone had 01:41:25,390 --> 01:41:25,400 uh that I personally would if anyone had 01:41:25,400 --> 01:41:27,830 uh that I personally would if anyone had listened to me I would have said uh 01:41:27,830 --> 01:41:27,840 listened to me I would have said uh 01:41:27,840 --> 01:41:29,970 listened to me I would have said uh there could be a dignified apology for 01:41:29,970 --> 01:41:29,980 there could be a dignified apology for 01:41:29,980 --> 01:41:33,910 there could be a dignified apology for [Music] 01:41:33,910 --> 01:41:33,920 01:41:33,920 --> 01:41:37,629 it soon after the Peace of Fung The Bu 01:41:37,629 --> 01:41:37,639 it soon after the Peace of Fung The Bu 01:41:37,639 --> 01:41:40,189 it soon after the Peace of Fung The Bu generals notably the war hero devet 01:41:40,189 --> 01:41:40,199 generals notably the war hero devet 01:41:40,199 --> 01:41:41,950 generals notably the war hero devet visited the camps to explain the 01:41:41,950 --> 01:41:41,960 visited the camps to explain the 01:41:41,960 --> 01:41:45,109 visited the camps to explain the negotiated peace some women could not 01:41:45,109 --> 01:41:45,119 negotiated peace some women could not 01:41:45,119 --> 01:41:47,030 negotiated peace some women could not accept the principle protesting that 01:41:47,030 --> 01:41:47,040 accept the principle protesting that 01:41:47,040 --> 01:41:48,550 accept the principle protesting that they were resigned to carry on Till The 01:41:48,550 --> 01:41:48,560 they were resigned to carry on Till The 01:41:48,560 --> 01:41:50,589 they were resigned to carry on Till The Bitter End and pay the ultimate price 01:41:50,589 --> 01:41:50,599 Bitter End and pay the ultimate price 01:41:50,599 --> 01:41:53,750 Bitter End and pay the ultimate price for their freedom 01:41:53,750 --> 01:41:53,760 for their freedom 01:41:53,760 --> 01:41:55,430 for their freedom but gradually the burgers arrived from 01:41:55,430 --> 01:41:55,440 but gradually the burgers arrived from 01:41:55,440 --> 01:41:59,229 but gradually the burgers arrived from Commando to reclaim their 01:41:59,229 --> 01:41:59,239 Commando to reclaim their 01:41:59,239 --> 01:42:01,950 Commando to reclaim their families many of them left as they had 01:42:01,950 --> 01:42:01,960 families many of them left as they had 01:42:01,960 --> 01:42:05,109 families many of them left as they had arrived on loaned wagons transporting 01:42:05,109 --> 01:42:05,119 arrived on loaned wagons transporting 01:42:05,119 --> 01:42:07,229 arrived on loaned wagons transporting their meager belongings back to their 01:42:07,229 --> 01:42:07,239 their meager belongings back to their 01:42:07,239 --> 01:42:11,770 their meager belongings back to their ruined Farms with a bell tent to start 01:42:11,770 --> 01:42:11,780 ruined Farms with a bell tent to start 01:42:11,780 --> 01:42:15,270 ruined Farms with a bell tent to start [Music] 01:42:15,270 --> 01:42:15,280 01:42:15,280 --> 01:42:18,350 again the complex logistical exercise to 01:42:18,350 --> 01:42:18,360 again the complex logistical exercise to 01:42:18,360 --> 01:42:20,550 again the complex logistical exercise to ship B prisoners of War back from far 01:42:20,550 --> 01:42:20,560 ship B prisoners of War back from far 01:42:20,560 --> 01:42:23,350 ship B prisoners of War back from far away locations like calina Bermuda and 01:42:23,350 --> 01:42:23,360 away locations like calina Bermuda and 01:42:23,360 --> 01:42:25,550 away locations like calina Bermuda and India meant that most of the camps were 01:42:25,550 --> 01:42:25,560 India meant that most of the camps were 01:42:25,560 --> 01:42:28,189 India meant that most of the camps were in operation for months after the 01:42:28,189 --> 01:42:28,199 in operation for months after the 01:42:28,199 --> 01:42:31,149 in operation for months after the war anticipation and uncertainty were 01:42:31,149 --> 01:42:31,159 war anticipation and uncertainty were 01:42:31,159 --> 01:42:33,950 war anticipation and uncertainty were constant 01:42:33,950 --> 01:42:33,960 01:42:33,960 --> 01:42:37,229 companions many moving Tales are told of 01:42:37,229 --> 01:42:37,239 companions many moving Tales are told of 01:42:37,239 --> 01:42:39,870 companions many moving Tales are told of emotional reunions and tearful visits to 01:42:39,870 --> 01:42:39,880 emotional reunions and tearful visits to 01:42:39,880 --> 01:42:42,550 emotional reunions and tearful visits to the cluttered Camp cemeteries as fathers 01:42:42,550 --> 01:42:42,560 the cluttered Camp cemeteries as fathers 01:42:42,560 --> 01:42:45,109 the cluttered Camp cemeteries as fathers paid their last respects to the children 01:42:45,109 --> 01:42:45,119 paid their last respects to the children 01:42:45,119 --> 01:42:47,149 paid their last respects to the children they would never see 01:42:47,149 --> 01:42:47,159 they would never see 01:42:47,159 --> 01:42:50,390 they would never see again the last camps were finally struck 01:42:50,390 --> 01:42:50,400 again the last camps were finally struck 01:42:50,400 --> 01:42:58,430 again the last camps were finally struck in 1903 01:42:58,430 --> 01:42:58,440 01:42:58,440 --> 01:43:00,550 all that remain today are rusted 01:43:00,550 --> 01:43:00,560 all that remain today are rusted 01:43:00,560 --> 01:43:03,510 all that remain today are rusted artifacts in the felt and some restored 01:43:03,510 --> 01:43:03,520 artifacts in the felt and some restored 01:43:03,520 --> 01:43:04,870 artifacts in the felt and some restored cemeteries that bear the names of 01:43:04,870 --> 01:43:04,880 cemeteries that bear the names of 01:43:04,880 --> 01:43:07,070 cemeteries that bear the names of children and their mothers who paid the 01:43:07,070 --> 01:43:07,080 children and their mothers who paid the 01:43:07,080 --> 01:43:11,550 children and their mothers who paid the ultimate price of 01:43:11,550 --> 01:43:11,560 01:43:11,560 --> 01:43:14,550 War some of the black camps were never 01:43:14,550 --> 01:43:14,560 War some of the black camps were never 01:43:14,560 --> 01:43:16,709 War some of the black camps were never resolved unable to go back to their 01:43:16,709 --> 01:43:16,719 resolved unable to go back to their 01:43:16,719 --> 01:43:19,270 resolved unable to go back to their Farms the inmates were forced to stay in 01:43:19,270 --> 01:43:19,280 Farms the inmates were forced to stay in 01:43:19,280 --> 01:43:21,669 Farms the inmates were forced to stay in the camps and some of the townships as 01:43:21,669 --> 01:43:21,679 the camps and some of the townships as 01:43:21,679 --> 01:43:27,669 the camps and some of the townships as they are known today were 01:43:27,669 --> 01:43:27,679 01:43:27,679 --> 01:43:31,149 performed it is very clear today when we 01:43:31,149 --> 01:43:31,159 performed it is very clear today when we 01:43:31,159 --> 01:43:34,990 performed it is very clear today when we commemorate this war we find out new 01:43:34,990 --> 01:43:35,000 commemorate this war we find out new 01:43:35,000 --> 01:43:40,030 commemorate this war we find out new Graves new sites new stories new faces 01:43:40,030 --> 01:43:40,040 Graves new sites new stories new faces 01:43:40,040 --> 01:43:44,270 Graves new sites new stories new faces new names hardly known to all who believ 01:43:44,270 --> 01:43:44,280 new names hardly known to all who believ 01:43:44,280 --> 01:43:46,030 new names hardly known to all who believ that it was a white men's War the 01:43:46,030 --> 01:43:46,040 that it was a white men's War the 01:43:46,040 --> 01:43:50,310 that it was a white men's War the bringing in of new information about uh 01:43:50,310 --> 01:43:50,320 bringing in of new information about uh 01:43:50,320 --> 01:43:51,910 bringing in of new information about uh who actually occupied the camps and that 01:43:51,910 --> 01:43:51,920 who actually occupied the camps and that 01:43:51,920 --> 01:43:53,830 who actually occupied the camps and that it was a shared experience 01:43:53,830 --> 01:43:53,840 it was a shared experience 01:43:53,840 --> 01:43:59,270 it was a shared experience both black and white um will endear the 01:43:59,270 --> 01:43:59,280 both black and white um will endear the 01:43:59,280 --> 01:44:00,910 both black and white um will endear the Comm the larger community of South 01:44:00,910 --> 01:44:00,920 Comm the larger community of South 01:44:00,920 --> 01:44:03,310 Comm the larger community of South Africa to the whole question of the 01:44:03,310 --> 01:44:03,320 Africa to the whole question of the 01:44:03,320 --> 01:44:06,109 Africa to the whole question of the concentration camps it will be seen in a 01:44:06,109 --> 01:44:06,119 concentration camps it will be seen in a 01:44:06,119 --> 01:44:10,510 concentration camps it will be seen in a more holistic way if though all of us in 01:44:10,510 --> 01:44:10,520 more holistic way if though all of us in 01:44:10,520 --> 01:44:14,709 more holistic way if though all of us in South Africa both black and white look 01:44:14,709 --> 01:44:14,719 South Africa both black and white look 01:44:14,719 --> 01:44:17,709 South Africa both black and white look at the history share 01:44:17,709 --> 01:44:17,719 at the history share 01:44:17,719 --> 01:44:20,950 at the history share it reveal our deepest 01:44:20,950 --> 01:44:20,960 it reveal our deepest 01:44:20,960 --> 01:44:24,390 it reveal our deepest feelings also the anger the suffering 01:44:24,390 --> 01:44:24,400 feelings also the anger the suffering 01:44:24,400 --> 01:44:27,629 feelings also the anger the suffering the pain which there on both sides only 01:44:27,629 --> 01:44:27,639 the pain which there on both sides only 01:44:27,639 --> 01:44:30,750 the pain which there on both sides only then can we expect that there will be a 01:44:30,750 --> 01:44:30,760 then can we expect that there will be a 01:44:30,760 --> 01:44:34,510 then can we expect that there will be a full restitution and peace in our 01:44:34,510 --> 01:44:34,520 full restitution and peace in our 01:44:34,520 --> 01:44:36,950 full restitution and peace in our country the mother sat on her little 01:44:36,950 --> 01:44:36,960 country the mother sat on her little 01:44:36,960 --> 01:44:40,109 country the mother sat on her little trunk with the child across her knee she 01:44:40,109 --> 01:44:40,119 trunk with the child across her knee she 01:44:40,119 --> 01:44:41,910 trunk with the child across her knee she had nothing to give it and the child was 01:44:41,910 --> 01:44:41,920 had nothing to give it and the child was 01:44:41,920 --> 01:44:43,030 had nothing to give it and the child was sinking 01:44:43,030 --> 01:44:43,040 sinking 01:44:43,040 --> 01:44:45,990 sinking fast we watched the child draw its last 01:44:45,990 --> 01:44:46,000 fast we watched the child draw its last 01:44:46,000 --> 01:44:47,870 fast we watched the child draw its last breath in reverent 01:44:47,870 --> 01:44:47,880 breath in reverent 01:44:47,880 --> 01:44:51,109 breath in reverent silence the mother neither moved nor 01:44:51,109 --> 01:44:51,119 silence the mother neither moved nor 01:44:51,119 --> 01:44:54,629 silence the mother neither moved nor wept dry eyed but deathly white she sat 01:44:54,629 --> 01:44:54,639 wept dry eyed but deathly white she sat 01:44:54,639 --> 01:45:00,040 wept dry eyed but deathly white she sat there in the depths of grief beyond all 01:45:00,040 --> 01:45:00,050 01:45:00,050 --> 01:45:12,030 [Music] 01:45:12,030 --> 01:45:12,040 01:45:12,040 --> 01:45:15,790 tears and now a 100 years later when 01:45:15,790 --> 01:45:15,800 tears and now a 100 years later when 01:45:15,800 --> 01:45:17,709 tears and now a 100 years later when South Africans reflect on the tragic 01:45:17,709 --> 01:45:17,719 South Africans reflect on the tragic 01:45:17,719 --> 01:45:19,910 South Africans reflect on the tragic events that shaped their history they 01:45:19,910 --> 01:45:19,920 events that shaped their history they 01:45:19,920 --> 01:45:22,109 events that shaped their history they are compelled to seek reconciliation of 01:45:22,109 --> 01:45:22,119 are compelled to seek reconciliation of 01:45:22,119 --> 01:45:25,109 are compelled to seek reconciliation of their deeply div Ed Society for a future 01:45:25,109 --> 01:45:25,119 their deeply div Ed Society for a future 01:45:25,119 --> 01:45:28,330 their deeply div Ed Society for a future of Peace rather than 01:45:28,330 --> 01:45:28,340 of Peace rather than 01:45:28,340 --> 01:45:45,270 of Peace rather than [Music] 01:45:45,270 --> 01:45:45,280 01:45:45,280 --> 01:45:48,709 conflict now we have a new type of War 01:45:48,709 --> 01:45:48,719 conflict now we have a new type of War 01:45:48,719 --> 01:45:51,390 conflict now we have a new type of War World War being depicted now we have the 01:45:51,390 --> 01:45:51,400 World War being depicted now we have the 01:45:51,400 --> 01:45:54,109 World War being depicted now we have the politics of the rainbow na in the '90s 01:45:54,109 --> 01:45:54,119 politics of the rainbow na in the '90s 01:45:54,119 --> 01:45:56,750 politics of the rainbow na in the '90s and the New Millennium and what happens 01:45:56,750 --> 01:45:56,760 and the New Millennium and what happens 01:45:56,760 --> 01:46:00,470 and the New Millennium and what happens now we have something called everyone's 01:46:00,470 --> 01:46:00,480 now we have something called everyone's 01:46:00,480 --> 01:46:02,669 now we have something called everyone's war in the same way that the American 01:46:02,669 --> 01:46:02,679 war in the same way that the American 01:46:02,679 --> 01:46:05,910 war in the same way that the American Civil War is the war that is America 01:46:05,910 --> 01:46:05,920 Civil War is the war that is America 01:46:05,920 --> 01:46:08,830 Civil War is the war that is America this war is the war that is South 01:46:08,830 --> 01:46:08,840 this war is the war that is South 01:46:08,840 --> 01:46:11,149 this war is the war that is South Africa looking at the two issues of the 01:46:11,149 --> 01:46:11,159 Africa looking at the two issues of the 01:46:11,159 --> 01:46:13,950 Africa looking at the two issues of the scotch Earth and concentration camp that 01:46:13,950 --> 01:46:13,960 scotch Earth and concentration camp that 01:46:13,960 --> 01:46:18,229 scotch Earth and concentration camp that war is bad War destroys not only life it 01:46:18,229 --> 01:46:18,239 war is bad War destroys not only life it 01:46:18,239 --> 01:46:20,149 war is bad War destroys not only life it destroys the environment the problem is 01:46:20,149 --> 01:46:20,159 destroys the environment the problem is 01:46:20,159 --> 01:46:22,229 destroys the environment the problem is that the war is immoral and it was an 01:46:22,229 --> 01:46:22,239 that the war is immoral and it was an 01:46:22,239 --> 01:46:25,990 that the war is immoral and it was an unjust War 01:46:25,990 --> 01:46:26,000 01:46:26,000 --> 01:46:28,310 and then it was immoral wrong then to 01:46:28,310 --> 01:46:28,320 and then it was immoral wrong then to 01:46:28,320 --> 01:46:31,910 and then it was immoral wrong then to use the women and civilians and and the 01:46:31,910 --> 01:46:31,920 use the women and civilians and and the 01:46:31,920 --> 01:46:34,270 use the women and civilians and and the children and Africans in the 01:46:34,270 --> 01:46:34,280 children and Africans in the 01:46:34,280 --> 01:46:37,550 children and Africans in the concentration camps memories which are 01:46:37,550 --> 01:46:37,560 concentration camps memories which are 01:46:37,560 --> 01:46:39,950 concentration camps memories which are very terrible are being created and they 01:46:39,950 --> 01:46:39,960 very terrible are being created and they 01:46:39,960 --> 01:46:42,870 very terrible are being created and they will last from one generation to the 01:46:42,870 --> 01:46:42,880 will last from one generation to the 01:46:42,880 --> 01:46:45,260 will last from one generation to the other 01:46:45,260 --> 01:46:45,270 other 01:46:45,270 --> 01:46:56,920 other [Music] 01:46:56,920 --> 01:46:56,930 01:46:56,930 --> 01:47:16,129 [Music]